EN ISO 14126:1999
(Main)Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Determination of compressive properties in the in-plane direction (ISO 14126:1999)
Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Determination of compressive properties in the in-plane direction (ISO 14126:1999)
1.1 This International Standard specifies two methods for determining compressive properties, in directions parallel
to the plane of lamination, of fibre-reinforced plastic composites.
1.2 The compressive properties are of interest for specifications and quality-control purposes.
1.3 Two loading methods and two types of specimen are described. They are:
Method 1: provides shear loading of the specimen (gauge length unsupported).
Method 2: provides end loading, or mixed loading, of the specimen (gauge length unsupported).
NOTE For tabbed specimens end-loaded using method 2, some load is transferred into the specimen gauge length by
shear through the tabs.
Type A specimen: rectangular cross-section, fixed thickness, end-tabbed.
Type B specimen: rectangular cross-section, range of thicknesses, untabbed or end-tabbed (two sizes
available).
Any combination of test method and specimen may be used, provided that the requirements of subclause 9.8 are
satisfied and that the specimen is representative of the material under test. These alternative test conditions will not
necessarily give the same result.
The type A specimen is the preferred specimen for unidirectionally reinforced materials tested in the fibre direction.
For other materials, the type A or B specimen may be used. The type B2 specimen is preferred for mat, fabric and
other multidirectionally reinforced materials.
1.4 The methods are suitable for fibre-reinforced thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic composites.
Unreinforced and particle-filled plastics, as well as those reinforced with short fibres (less than 1 mm in length), are
covered by ISO 604 (see bibliography).
1.5 The methods are performed using specimens which may be machined from a test panel made in accordance
with ISO 1268 or equivalent methods, or from finished or semi-finished products.
1.6 The methods specify required dimensions for the specimen. Tests which are carried out on specimens of other
dimensions, or on specimens which are prepared under different conditions, may produce results which are not
comparable. Other factors, such as the speed of testing, the support fixture used and the condition of the
specimens, can influence the results. Consequently, when comparative data are required, these factors must be
carefully controlled and recorded.
1.7 Fibre-reinforced plastics are usually anisotropic. It is therefore often useful to cut test specimens in at least the
two main directions of anisotropy, or in directions previously specified (for example a lengthwise direction
associated with the production process).
Faserverstärkte Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Druckeigenschaften in der Laminatebene (ISO 14126:1999)
1.1 Diese Internationale Norm legt zwei Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Druckeigenchaften parallel zur Laminierungsebene von faserverstärkten Kunststoffen fest. 1.2 Die Druckeigenschaften sind für Spezifikationen und für die Qualitätskontrolle von Interesse. 1.3 In dieser Norm werden zwei Prüfverfahren zur Beanspruchung und zwei Probekörper-Typen beschrieben: - Verfahren 1: Scherbeanspruchung der Probekörpers (Einspannlänge nicht unterstützt); - Verfahren 2: Stirnflächen- oder Mischbeanspruchung des Probekörpers (Einspannlänge nicht unterstützt).
Composites plastiques renforcés de fibres - Détermination des caractéristiques en compression dans le plan (ISO 14126:1999)
1.1 La présente Norme Internationale spécifie deux méthodes pour la détermination de certaines caractéristiques
en compression, parallèlement au plan de stratification, de composites plastiques renforcés de fibres.
1.2 Les caractéristiques en compression sont intéressantes pour l'établissement de spécifications et d'essais de
qualification.
1.3 Deux méthodes de mise en charge et deux types d'éprouvettes sont décrits, à savoir:
la méthode 1, qui fournit une charge par cisaillement de l'éprouvette (longueur de référence libre);
la méthode 2, qui fournit une charge en bout ou une charge mixte de l'éprouvette (longueur de référence libre).
NOTE Dans le cas des éprouvettes à talons chargées en bout selon la méthode 2, une partie de la charge est transférée
dans l'éprouvette par cisaillement à travers les talons.
Éprouvette de type A: éprouvette avec talons, d'épaisseur fixe et à section transversale rectangulaire.
Éprouvette de type B: éprouvette avec ou sans talons, avec plusieurs épaisseurs possibles et à section
transversale rectangulaire (deux tailles disponibles).
Toutes les combinaisons de méthodes d'essai et d'éprouvettes peuvent être utilisées à condition que les exigences
de 9.8 soient respectées et que l'éprouvette soit représentative du matériau soumis à l'essai. Ces autres conditions
d'essai ne donneront pas nécessairement le même résultat.
L'éprouvette de type A est l'éprouvette recommandée pour les matériaux renforcés unidirectionnellement soumis à
l'essai dans le sens des fibres. Pour les autres matériaux, les types A et B d'éprouvettes peuvent être utilisés.
L'éprouvette de type B2 est préférable dans le cas des mats, des tissus et d'autres matériaux renforcés
multidirectionnellement.
1.4 Les méthodes sont applicables aux composites plastiques thermoplastiques et thermodurcissables renforcés
de fibres.
Les plastiques non renforcés, ceux chargés de particules et ceux renforcés de fibres courtes (de longueur inférieure
à 1 mm) sont couverts par l'ISO 604 (voir bibliographie).
1.5 Les méthodes sont réalisées à l'aide d'éprouvettes qui peuvent être usinées à partir d'un panneau d'essai
fabriqué conformément à l'ISO 1268 ou des méthodes équivalentes, ou à partir de produits finis ou semi-finis.
1.6 Les méthodes spécifient certaines dimensions pour les éprouvettes. Des essais réalisés avec des éprouvettes
de dimensions différentes ou avec des éprouvettes préparées dans des conditions différentes peuvent donner des
résultats qui ne sont pas comparables. D'autres facteurs, tels que la vitesse d'essai, le montage support utilisé et
l'aspect des éprouvettes, peuvent avoir une répercussion sur les résultats. En conséquence, lorsque des résultats
comparatifs sont nécessaires, ces facteurs doivent être soigneusement contrôlés et enregistrés.
1.7 Les plastiques renforcés de fibres sont généralement anisotropes. Par conséquent, il est souvent utile de
couper des éprouvettes selon au moins deux directions principales d'anisotropie, ou selon des directions
précédemment définies (par exemple une direction longitudinale associée au procédé de fabrication).
Z vlakni ojačeni polimerni kompoziti - Ugotavljanje tlačnih lastnosti v ravnini laminiranja (ISO 14126:1999
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2000
=YODNQLRMDþHQLSROLPHUQLNRPSR]LWL8JRWDYOMDQMHWODþQLKODVWQRVWLYUDYQLQL
ODPLQLUDQMD ,62
Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Determination of compressive properties in the in-
plane direction (ISO 14126:1999)
Faserverstärkte Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Druckeigenschaften in der Laminatebene
(ISO 14126:1999)
Composites plastiques renforcés de fibres - Détermination des caractéristiques en
compression dans le plan (ISO 14126:1999)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14126:1999
ICS:
83.120 2MDþDQLSROLPHUL Reinforced plastics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14126
First edition
1999-09-01
Fibre-reinforced plastic composites —
Determination of compressive properties in
the in-plane direction
Composites plastiques renforcés de fibres — Détermination des
caractéristiques en compression dans le plan
A
Reference number
ISO 14126:1999(E)
ISO 14126:1999(E)
Contents
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .2
3 Definitions .2
4 Principle.3
5 Apparatus .3
5.1 Test machine.3
5.1.1 General.3
5.1.2 Speed of testing.4
5.1.3 Indication of load .4
5.2 Strain measurement .4
5.3 Micrometer.4
5.4 Loading fixtures.4
5.4.1 General.4
5.4.2 Method 1: shear loading .4
5.4.3 Method 2: end loading.4
6 Test specimens.4
6.1 Shape and dimensions.4
6.1.1 Type A specimen .4
6.1.2 Type B specimen .5
6.2 Preparation.5
6.2.1 General.5
6.2.2 End-tab material.5
6.2.3 Application of end tabs .5
© ISO 1999
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii
© ISO
ISO 14126:1999(E)
6.2.4 Machining the specimens. 5
6.3 Checking. 6
7 Number of test specimens. 6
8 Conditioning. 6
9 Procedure . 6
10 Expression of results . 7
11 Precision. 8
12 Test report . 8
Annex A (normative) Specimen preparation . 12
Annex B (informative) Compression fixtures for method 1 . 14
Annex C (informative) Compression fixtures for method 2 . 15
Annex D (informative) Euler buckling criteria . 17
Bibliography. 18
iii
© ISO
ISO 14126:1999(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 14126 was prepared by ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 13, Composites and
reinforcement fibres.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 8515:1991, which dealt only with glass-fibre-reinforced plastic
composites.
Annex A forms a normative part of this International Standard. Annexes B to D are for information only.
iv
© ISO
ISO 14126:1999(E)
Introduction
This standard is based on ISO 8515, with the scope extended to include all fibre-reinforced plastic composites, such
as more recent composites based on carbon and aramid fibres, but retains the test conditions relevant for glass-
fibre-reinforced systems. Other source documents consulted include ASTM D 3410 (buckling criteria, larger
specimen width and longer gauge length), ASTM D 695 (modified version in SACMA SRM1), prEN 2850,
CRAG 400, DIN 65380 and JIS K 7076 (see bibliography).
Several different types of jig, different materials and different specimen sizes are covered by these source
documents. The table below presents examples, the specimen sizes being given as overall length ´ gauge length ´
width ´ thickness, in millimetres.
ISO 8515 Celanese type End block
(GRP) 110 ´ 13 ´ 6,4 ´ 2 120 ´ 20 ´ 10 ´ (3 to 10)
prEN 2850 Celanese type ASTM D 695 Revision includes a machined
(CFRP) 110 ´ 10 ´ 10 ´ 2 80 ´ 5 ´ 12,5 ´ 2 specimen with co-cured tabs.
JIS K 7076 ASTM D 695 Celanese ITTRI
(CFRP) 78 ´ 8 ´ 12,5 ´ 2 134 ´ 8 ´ 6,5 ´ 2 108 ´ 8 ´ (6 to 12,5) ´ (1 to 2)
ASTM D 3410 Celanese ITTRI
(all fibres) 140 ´ 12 ´ 6 ´ variable 140 ´ (25 to 12) ´ (12 or 25) ´ variable
(equations/tables give required thickness for modulus, expected strength and gauge length)
DIN 65380 Celanese ITTRI
(all fibres) 112 ´ 8 ´ 6,35 ´ 2 112 ´ 8 ´ 6,35 ´ 2
CRAG 400 Celanese
(all fibres) 110 ´ 10 ´ 10 ´ 2
SACMA SRM1 ASTM D 695 (modified)
(all fibres) 80,8 ´ 12,7 ´ 4,8 ´ [1 (unidir.) or 3 (fabric)]
These test methods use aspect ratios (height/thickness and height/width) for the gauge area covering a range of
values, which appears undesirable in a test known to be susceptible to buckling failures. Also, new support jigs are
still being developed. This International Standard harmonizes and rationalizes the current situation by:
a) concentrating on the quality of the test by limiting the maximum bending-buckling strain allowable at failure
(i.e. 10 % as recommended by ASTM — see also 5 % level in prEN 2850), so that it is possible to justify an
axial-load analysis;
b) allowing any design of jig to be used that meets this above requirement, using two methods of loading
(i.e. shear and end loaded);
c) standardizing on two specimen designs, one principally for unidirectional material and one for other materials
(the chosen specimen can be used with either loading method);
d) adding an informative note as annex D, which was proposed by ASTM for harmonization purposes, and is
taken from ASTM D 3410 (in a modified form).
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD © ISO ISO 14126:1999(E)
Fibre-reinforced plastic composites — Determination of
compressive properties in the in-plane direction
1 Scope
1.1 This International Standard specifies two methods for determining compressive properties, in directions parallel
to the plane of lamination, of fibre-reinforced plastic composites.
1.2 The compressive properties are of interest for specifications and quality-control purposes.
1.3 Two loading methods and two types of specimen are described. They are:
Method 1: provides shear loading of the specimen (gauge length unsupported).
Method 2: provides end loading, or mixed loading, of the specimen (gauge length unsupported).
NOTE For tabbed specimens end-loaded using method 2, some load is transferred into the specimen gauge length by
shear through the tabs.
Type A specimen: rectangular cross-section, fixed thickness, end-tabbed.
Type B specimen: rectangular cross-section, range of thicknesses, untabbed or end-tabbed (two sizes
available).
Any combination of test method and specimen may be used, provided that the requirements of subclause 9.8 are
satisfied and that the specimen is representative of the material under test. These alternative test conditions will not
necessarily give the same result.
The type A specimen is the preferred specimen for unidirectionally reinforced materials tested in the fibre direction.
For other materials, the type A or B specimen may be used. The type B2 specimen is preferred for mat, fabric and
other multidirectionally reinforced materials.
1.4 The methods are suitable for fibre-reinforced thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic composites.
Unreinforced and particle-filled plastics, as well as those reinforced with short fibres (less than 1 mm in length), are
covered by ISO 604 (see bibliography).
1.5 The methods are performed using specimens which may be machined from a test panel made in accordance
with ISO 1268 or equivalent methods, or from finished or semi-finished products.
1.6 The methods specify required dimensions for the specimen. Tests which are carried out on specimens of other
dimensions, or on specimens which are prepared under different conditions, may produce results which are not
comparable. Other factors, such as the speed of testing, the support fixture used and the condition of the
specimens, can influence the results. Consequently, when comparative data are required, these factors must be
carefully controlled and recorded.
1.7 Fibre-rei
...
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