CEN/TC 249 - Plastics

This document specifies the test conditions for the determination of the tensile properties of isotropic and orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites, based upon the general principles given in ISO 527-1.
NOTE 1   Unidirectional reinforced materials are covered by ISO 527-5.
The methods are used to investigate the tensile behaviour of the test specimens and for determining the tensile strength, tensile modulus, Poisson's ratios and other aspects of the tensile stress-strain relationship under the defined conditions.
The test method is suitable for use with the following materials:
—    fibre-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites incorporating non-unidirectional reinforcements such as mats, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combinations of such reinforcements, hybrids, rovings, short or milled fibres or preimpregnated materials (prepregs);
NOTE 2   Injection moulded specimens are covered by ISO 527-2.
—    combinations of the above with unidirectional reinforcements and multidirectional reinforced materials constructed from unidirectional layers, provided such laminates are symmetrical;
NOTE 3   Materials with completely or mainly unidirectional reinforcements are covered by ISO 527-5.
—    finished products made from materials mentioned above.
The reinforcement fibres covered include glass fibres, carbon fibres, aramid fibres and other similar fibres.

This document specifies a method for the determination of vinyl chloride monomer in homopolymer and copolymer resins of vinyl chloride and compounded materials. The method is based on sample dissolution and headspace gas chromatography. Concentrations of vinyl chloride in the range 0,1 mg/kg to 3,0 mg/kg can be determined.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the density of liquid resins using a pycnometer.

This document specifies the general principles and the procedures to be followed with thermoplastics in the preparation of compression-moulded test specimens, and sheets from which test specimens can be machined or stamped.
NOTE       In order to obtain mouldings in a reproducible state, the main steps of the procedure, including eight different cooling methods, are standardized. For each material, the required moulding temperature and cooling methods are given in the appropriate International Standard for the material or as agreed between the interested parties.
This document is not applicable to reinforced thermoplastics.

The ISO 11357 series specifies several differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods for the thermal analysis of polymers and polymer blends, such as
—    thermoplastics (polymers, moulding compounds and other moulding materials, with or without fillers, fibres or reinforcements),
—    thermosets (uncured or cured materials, with or without fillers, fibres or reinforcements), and
—    elastomers (with or without fillers, fibres or reinforcements).
The ISO 11357 series is applicable for the observation and measurement of various properties of, and phenomena associated with, the above-mentioned materials, such as
—    physical transitions (glass transition, phase transitions such as melting and crystallization, polymorphic transitions, etc.),
—    chemical reactions (polymerization, crosslinking and curing of elastomers and thermosets, etc.),
—    the stability to oxidation, and
—    the heat capacity.
This document specifies a number of general aspects of differential scanning calorimetry, such as the principle and the apparatus, sampling, calibration and general aspects of the procedure and test report common to all parts.
Details on performing specific methods are given in subsequent parts of the ISO 11357 series (see Foreword).

This document specifies a method for determining ε‑caprolactam and ω‑laurolactam in polyamides by gas chromatography. It is applicable particularly to the determination of ε‑caprolactam in polyamide 6 and ω‑laurolactam in polyamide 12.
Two variants of the basic method are specified.
—    Method A is an extraction method with boiling methanol, and the extract is injected into a gas chromatograph.
—    Method B is a method using a solvent, and the solution is injected into a gas chromatograph.

This document specifies two procedures for the determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and
the melt volume-flow rate (MVR) of thermoplastic materials under specified conditions of temperature
and load. Procedure A is a mass-measurement method. Procedure B is a displacement-measurement
method. Normally, the test conditions for measurement of melt flow rate are specified in the material
standard with a reference to this document. The test conditions normally used for thermoplastics are
listed in Annex A.
The MVR is particularly useful when comparing materials of different filler content and when
comparing filled with unfilled thermoplastics. The MFR can be determined from MVR measurements,
or vice versa, provided the melt density at the test temperature is known.
This document is also possibly applicable to thermoplastics for which the rheological behaviour is
affected during the measurement by phenomena such as hydrolysis (chain scission), condensation and
cross-linking, but only if the effect is limited in extent and only if the repeatability and reproducibility
are within an acceptable range. For materials which show significantly affected rheological behaviour
during testing, this document is not appropriate. In such cases, ISO 1133-2 applies.
NOTE The rates of shear in these methods are much smaller than those used under normal conditions of
processing, and therefore it is possible that data obtained by these methods for various thermoplastics will not
always correlate with their behaviour during processing. Both methods are used primarily in quality control.

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of polyamide moulding and extrusion materials. It gives the requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing.
This document specifies procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are given. It lists the properties and test methods that are suitable and necessary to characterize polyamide moulding and extrusion materials.
The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350‑1. Other test methods in wide use for, or of particular significance to, these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document, as are the designatory properties viscosity number and tensile modulus given in ISO 16396‑1.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, and hence the specific heat capacity per unit volume of plastics. The experimental arrangement can be designed to match different specimen sizes. Measurements can be made in gaseous and vacuum environments at a range of temperatures and pressures.
This method gives guidelines for testing homogeneous and isotropic materials, as well as anisotropic materials with a uniaxial structure. The homogeneity of the material extends throughout the specimen and no thermal barriers (except those next to the probe) are present within a range defined by the probing depth(s) (see 3.1).
The method is suitable for materials having values of thermal conductivity, λ, in the approximate range 0,010 W∙m−1∙K−1 < λ < 500 W∙m−1∙K−1, values of thermal diffusivity, α, in the range 5 × 10−8 m2∙s−1 < α < 10−4 m2∙s−1, and for temperatures, T, in the approximate range 50 K < T < 1 000 K.
NOTE 1   The specific heat capacity per unit volume, C, C = ρ ∙ cp, where ρ is the density and cp is the specific heat per unit mass and at constant pressure, can be obtained by dividing the thermal conductivity, λ, by the thermal diffusivity, α, i.e. C = λ/α, and is in the approximate range 0,005 MJ∙m−3∙K−1 < C < 5 MJ∙m−3∙K−1. It is also referred to as the volumetric heat capacity.
NOTE 2   If the intention is to determine the thermal resistance or the apparent thermal conductivity in the through-thickness direction of an inhomogeneous product (for instance a fabricated panel) or an inhomogeneous slab of a material, reference is made to ISO 8301, ISO 8302 and ISO 472.
The thermal-transport properties of liquids can also be determined, provided care is taken to minimize thermal convection.

This document specifies terms and definitions in the field of plastics related to environmental aspects and provides a common vocabulary for:
- bio-based plastics;
- biodegradability;
- carbon and environmental footprint;
- circular economy;
- design;
- plastics in natural environments;
- reuse and recycling;
- waste management.
This document aims to provide a comprehensive glossary which uses the applicable definitions providing when appropriate additional notes to make these definitions understandable without reference to other documents. Definitions are as far as possible adopted from existing standards but when the original intention or definition is unclear additional context or definitions are provided.

This document specifies a method of determining the tear resistance of a plastic film under specified conditions. It is applicable to products that, because of their flexibility, do not tear when clamped between the grips of a tensile testing machine. The method makes it possible to compare samples of different products provided their thickness does not differ by more than 10 %.

This document summarizes the state of standardization in the field of biodegradable plastics and plastics products at CEN and ISO level. It explains the underlying scientific principles of biodegradation that provide the foundations for relevant test methods and enters into the merits of the individual tests to explain and clarify the reasons for the adoption of specific solutions and criteria.
This document primarily focusses on standards adopted by CEN covering environmental biodegradation testing and relevant specifications. It also includes information on disintegration and eco-toxicity tests. A full list of the international standards considered in this document is provided in Annex A.
In a second part, this document highlights areas where standardization in this field is currently lacking and where future developments may be anticipated and useful.

This document specifies four methods for the determination of the Vicat softening temperature (VST) of thermoplastic materials:
—    Method A50 using a force of 10 N and a heating rate of 50 °C/h;
—    Method B50 using a force of 50 N and a heating rate of 50 °C/h;
—    Method A120 using a force of 10 N and a heating rate of 120 °C/h;
—    Method B120 using a force of 50 N and a heating rate of 120 °C/h.
The methods specified are applicable only to thermoplastics, for which they give a measure of the temperature at which the thermoplastics start to soften rapidly.

This document establishes a nomenclature system for thermoplastic elastomers based on the chemical composition of the polymer or polymers involved. It specifies symbols and abbreviated terms used to identify thermoplastic elastomers in industry, commerce, and government. It is not intended to conflict with, but to supplement, existing trade names and trademarks.
NOTE 1   The name of the thermoplastic elastomer is intended to be used in technical papers and presentations followed by the abbreviated term used to designate the elastomer in this document.
NOTE 2   Annex A gives thermoplastic-elastomer abbreviated terms that have been used in the past in materials standards, technical bulletins, textbooks, patents, and trade literature.

This document specifies the methods of test for determination of the properties of solid surfacing materials, as defined in Clause 3, in the form of shaped products. These methods are primarily intended for testing the materials specified in ISO 19712-1.
The tests can be carried out on finished products, but are generally carried out on test panels of a size sufficient to meet the requirements of the test, and of the same material and finish as the finished product.

This document specifies general conditions for the analysis of polymers using thermogravimetric techniques. It is applicable to liquids or solids. Solid materials can be in the form of pellets, granules or powders. Fabricated shapes reduced to appropriate specimen size can also be analysed by this method.
This document establishes methods for the investigation of physical effects and chemical reactions that are associated with changes of mass.
This document can be used to determine the temperature(s) and rate(s) of decomposition of polymers, and to measure at the same time the amounts of volatile matter, additives and/or fillers they contain.
This document is applicable to measurements in dynamic mode (mass change versus temperature or time under programmed temperature conditions) or isothermal mode (mass change versus time at constant temperature).
This document is applicable to measurements at different testing atmospheres, such as separation of decomposition in an inert atmosphere from oxidative degradation.

This document specifies characteristics for thermoplastics rigid protective wallcovering panels whose purposes are decorative and protective, but non-structural.
The thermoplastics rigid protective wallcovering panels are intended to be used as finishes for hanging onto internal walls and wall partitions by means of adhesive. Their surface may be with or without embossing.
It also specifies the procedures for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of the thermoplastics rigid protective wallcovering panels.
This document does not cover thermoplastics rigid protective wallcovering panels:
-   fixed onto internal walls and wall partitions by other means than by adhesives, as well as the adhesives and ancillary products themselves,
-   intended to be used on ceilings.

This document establishes a system of designation for polyamide (PA) moulding and extrusion materials, which can be used as the basis for specifications.
The types of polyamide plastics are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory properties
a) viscosity number,
b) tensile modulus, and
c) nucleating additive,
and on information about composition, intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers, and reinforcing materials.
The designation system is applicable to all polyamide homopolymers, copolymers, and blends.
It is applicable to unmodified materials ready for normal use and materials modified, for example, by colorants, additives, fillers, reinforcing materials, and polymer modifiers.
This document does not apply to the following materials:
—    monomer casting-type polyamides of PA 6;
—    monomer casting-type polyamides of PA 12.
It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation give the same performance. This document does not provide engineering data, performance data, or data on processing conditions which can be required to specify a material. If such additional properties are required, they can be determined according to the test methods specified in ISO 16396-2, if suitable.
In order to specify a thermoplastic material for a particular application, additional requirements can be given in data block 5 (see 4.1).

This document specifies the characterization and the designation of extruded and/or calendered, non-reinforced film or sheeting made of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-P). It specifies the corresponding test methods for the assessment of the characteristics.
This document is applicable to film and sheeting in the range of thickness from 0,05 mm to 1 mm.

This document specifies two methods (isothermal and non-isothermal) for studying the crystallization kinetics of partially crystalline polymers using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
It is only applicable to molten polymers.
NOTE       These methods are not suitable if the molecular structure of the polymer is modified during the test.

This document specifies the requirements for the laboratory testing of the resistivity of specially prepared specimens of plastics rendered conductive by the inclusion of conductive fillers or suitable modification of the structure. The test is applicable to materials of resistivity less than 106 Ω⋅cm (104 Ω⋅m).
The result is not strictly a volume resistivity, because of surface conduction, but the effects of the latter are generally negligible.

This document specifies two test methods for determining the refractive index of plastics, namely:
—    Method A: a refractometric method for measuring the refractive index of moulded parts, cast or extruded sheet or film, by means of a refractometer. It is applicable not only to isotropic transparent, translucent, coloured or opaque materials but also to anisotropic materials.
—    Method B: an immersion method (making use of the Becke line phenomenon) for determining the refractive index of powdered or granulated transparent materials by means of a microscope. Monochromatic light, in general, is used to avoid dispersion effects.
NOTE      The refractive index is a fundamental property which can be used for checking purity and composition, for the identification of materials and for the design of optical parts. The change in refractive index with temperature can give an indication of transition points of materials.

This document specifies a system of designating textile glass yarns (including single, multiple-wound, folded (plied), cabled and textured yarns, strands, slivers and rovings) based on their linear density expressed in the tex system.

This document specifies the requirements and test methods for solid flat extruded sheets of polypropylene homopolymers (PP‑H) and polypropylene copolymers (PP‑B and PP‑R) without fillers or reinforcing materials. This document applies to PP sheet in rolled form. It applies only to thicknesses of 0,5 mm to 40 mm.

This document specifies two methods for evaluating the melting behaviour of semi-crystalline polymers.
a) Method A: Capillary tube
This method is based on the changes in shape of the polymer. It is applicable to all semi-crystalline polymers and their compounds.
NOTE 1   Method A can also be useful for the evaluation of the softening of non-crystalline solids.
b) Method B: Polarizing microscope
This method is based on changes in the optical properties of the polymer. It is applicable to polymers containing a birefringent crystalline phase. It might not be suitable for plastics compounds containing pigments and/or other additives which can interfere with the birefringence of the polymeric crystalline zone.
NOTE 2   Another method applicable to semi-crystalline polymers is described in ISO 11357‑3.

This document specifies two categories of method for the determination of the vinyl acetate (VAC) content of ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVAC) copolymer, for use in the designation of such copolymers according to ISO 21301-1. One category is referred to as “reference methods”, the other as “test methods”.
The “reference methods” are used to calibrate the method used for the determination of the vinyl acetate content of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers.
The “test methods” are other methods which can be used for the determination if they are calibrated using one of the reference methods described in Clause 4, provided they show a certain permissible repeatability.

This document specifies the requirements and test methods for solid flat compression-moulded sheets of polyethylene (PE-UHMW and PE-HD, see ISO 1043-1) without fillers or reinforcing materials. It applies only to thicknesses from 10 mm to 200 mm.

This document specifies test procedures for the acquisition and presentation of multipoint data on the following thermal and processing properties of plastics:
—    enthalpy/temperature curve;
—    linear-expansion/temperature curve;
—    melt shear viscosity.

This document specifies the test conditions for the determination of the tensile properties of unidirectional fibre-reinforced plastic composites, based upon the general principles given in ISO 527-1.
NOTE      Isotropic and orthotropic reinforced materials are covered by ISO 527-4.
The methods are used to investigate the tensile behaviour of the test specimens and for determining the tensile strength, tensile modulus, Poisson's ratios and other aspects of the tensile stress-strain relationship under the conditions defined.
The test method is suitable for all polymer matrix systems reinforced with unidirectional fibres and which meet the requirements, including failure mode, set out in this document.
The method is suitable for composites with either thermoplastic or thermosetting matrices, including preimpregnated materials (prepregs). The reinforcements covered include carbon fibres, glass fibres, aramid fibres and other similar fibres. The reinforcement geometries covered include unidirectional (i.e. completely aligned) fibres and rovings and unidirectional fabrics and tapes.
The method is not normally suitable for multidirectional materials composed of several unidirectional layers at different angles (see ISO 527-4).

This document specifies the general principles and the system boundaries for the carbon and environmental footprint of biobased plastic products. It is an introduction and a guidance document to the other parts of the ISO 22526 series.
This document is applicable to plastic products and plastic materials, polymer resins, which are based from biobased or fossil-based constituents.

This document specifies a laboratory test method for determining the degree and rate of the aerobic biodegradation level of plastic materials. Biodegradation is determined by measuring the CO2 evolved from plastic materials when exposed to seawater sampled from coastal areas under laboratory conditions.
The conditions described in this document might not always correspond to the optimum conditions for the maximum degree of biodegradation, however this test method is designed to give an indication of the potential biodegradability of plastic materials.
NOTE     This document addresses plastic materials but can also be used for other materials.

This document specifies test methods for the determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials exposed to marine habitats under real field conditions.
The marine areas under investigation are the sandy sublittoral and the sandy eulittoral zone where plastic materials can either be placed intentionally (e.g. biodegradable fishing nets) or end up as litter due to irresponsible human behaviour. This depends on their physical characteristics, form and size of the materials, and on water currents and tidal movements.
This document specifies the general requirements of the apparatus, and the procedures for using the test methods described.
The determination of the level of disintegration of plastic materials exposed to pelagic zones such as the sea surface or the water column above the seafloor are not within the scope of this document.
This document is not suitable for the assessment of disintegration caused by heat or light exposure.
The described field test is a disintegration test and not a biodegradation test. Therefore, it cannot be used for demonstrating biodegradation or for making unqualified claims such as "biodegradable in marine environment" and similar.

This document specifies requirements and guidelines for the quantification and reporting of the process carbon footprint of biobased plastics (see ISO 22526-1), being a partial carbon footprint of a bioplastic product, based on ISO 14067 and consistent with International Standards on life cycle assessment (ISO 14040 and ISO 14044).
This document is applicable to process carbon footprint studies (P-CFP) of plastic materials, being a partial carbon footprint of a product, whether or not the results are intended to be publicly available.
Requirements and guidelines for the quantification of a partial carbon footprint of a product (partial CFP) are provided in this document. The process carbon footprint study is carried out according to ISO 14067 as a partial carbon footprint, using the specific conditions and requirements specified in this document.
Where the results of a P-CFP study are reported according to this document, procedures are provided to support transparency and credibility, and also to allow for informed choices.
Offsetting is outside of the scope of this document.

This document defines the material carbon footprint as the amount (mass) of CO2 removed from the air and incorporated into plastic, and specifies a determination method to quantify it.
This document is applicable to plastic products, plastic materials and polymer resins that are partly or wholly based on biobased constituents.

This document specifies test methods and criteria for showing intrinsic biodegradability in marine environments of virgin plastic materials and polymers without any preliminary environmental exposure or pre-treatment.
Test methods applied in this document are carried out at temperatures in the mesophilic range under aerobic conditions and are aimed to show ultimate biodegradability, i.e. conversion into carbon dioxide, water and biomass.
This document neither assesses the constituents, such as regulated metals or substances hazardous to the environment, nor potential ecotoxic effects but intrinsic biodegradability only. These aspects will be considered in a separate standard covering the overall environmental impact of products intentionally or accidentally released in the marine environment.
This document does not cover the performance of products made from biodegradable plastic materials and biodegradable polymers. Lifetime and biodegradation rates in the sea of products made with biodegradable plastic materials are generally affected by the specific environmental conditions and by thickness and shape.
Although results might indicate that the tested plastic materials and polymers biodegrade under the specified test conditions at a certain rate, the results of any laboratory exposure cannot be directly extrapolated to marine environments at the actual site of use or leakage.
This document is not applicable for "marine biodegradable" claims of biodegradable plastic materials. For such purpose, see relevant product standards, if available.
The testing scheme specified in this document does not provide sufficient information for determining the specific biodegradation rate (i.e. the rate per available surface area) of the material under testing. For such purpose, see relevant standards about specific biodegradation rate, if available.

This document specifies a laboratory test method for determining the degree and rate of the aerobic biodegradation level of plastic materials. Biodegradation of plastic materials is determined by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer when exposed to seawater sampled from coastal areas under laboratory conditions.
The conditions described in this document might not always correspond to the optimum conditions for the maximum degree of biodegradation, however this test method is designed to give an indication of the potential biodegradability of plastic materials.
NOTE     This document addresses plastic materials but can also be used for other materials.

This document specifies a laboratory test method to determine the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradation level of plastic materials. This test method can also be applied to other materials.
Biodegradation is determined by measuring the CO2 evolved by the plastic material when exposed to marine sediments sampled from a sandy tidal zone and kept wet with salt-water under laboratory conditions.
This test method is a simulation under laboratory conditions of the habitat found in sandy tidal zone that, in marine science, is called eulittoral zone.
The conditions described in this document might not always correspond to the optimum conditions for the maximum degree of biodegradation to occur.
Deviations from the test conditions described in this document are justified in the test report.

This document establishes a system of designation for processed unfilled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) products, which can occur in several forms.
The PTFE used to make the semi-finished product is described in ISO 20568-1. The PTFE used to make the semi-finished product are virgin, reprocessed or recycled resin. The addition of up to 1,5 % by mass of pigment or colorant can be used.

This document specifies the controlled loop and the definition of those material transformation steps which are relevant for product quality, in particular recycling input and output and profile manufacturing input and output.
Traceability tools are specified to characterize this loop as a controlled loop.
This document references existing quality and test methodologies for recycled PVC to be used in PVC-U profiles for windows and doors.
This document establishes the controlled loop treatment of PVC profiles in line with the general understanding of life cycles as outlined in EN 15804.
NOTE 1   With regard to PVC waste treatment, the present document relates to existing standards EN 15343, EN 15346 and EN 15347.
NOTE 2   With regard to semifinished and/or finished products, it refers to the European Standard PVC-U window profiles (see EN 12608-1) and to the European Standards for windows and doors (see EN 14351-1, EN 14351-2 and EN 16034).

This document specifies the preparation of test specimens and gives the test methods applicable to semi-finished products of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

This document provides uniform symbols for flame retardants added to plastics materials.

This document specifies the test methods for quality control of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) extruded double- and triple-skin flat sheets, obtained from colourless and coloured transparent, translucent and opaque grades of materials.
The minimum sheet width is 600 mm.
The main applications of these sheets are in building and agriculture (greenhouses).

This document specifies a method, by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide evolved, for the determination of the degree of aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials, including those containing formulation additives. The test material is exposed in a synthetic medium under standardized laboratory conditions to an inoculum from activated sludge under aerobic conditions.
The conditions used in this document do not necessarily correspond to the optimum conditions allowing maximum biodegradation to occur, but this test method is designed to measure the biodegradation of plastic materials and give an indication of their potential biodegradability.
The method enables the assessment of the biodegradation to be improved by calculating a carbon balance (optional, see Annex C).
The method applies to the following materials:
—    natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or mixtures thereof;
—    plastic materials which contain additives such as plasticizers, colorants or other compounds;
—    water-soluble polymers;
—    materials which, under the test conditions, do not inhibit the microorganisms present in the inoculum. Inhibitory effects can be determined using an inhibition control or by another appropriate method (see, for example, ISO 8192[1]). If the test material is inhibitory to the inoculum, a lower test concentration, another inoculum or a pre-exposed inoculum can be used.

This document covers the determination of the total luminous transmittance, in the visible region of the spectrum, of planar transparent plastics and substantially colourless plastics, using a double-beam scanning spectrophotometer. This document cannot be used for plastics which contain fluorescent materials.
This document is applicable to transparent moulding materials, films and sheets not exceeding 10 mm in thickness.
NOTE 1   Total luminous transmittance can also be determined by a single-beam instrument as in ISO 13468-1.
NOTE 2   Substantially colourless plastics include those which are faintly tinted.
NOTE 3   Specimens more than 10 mm thick can be measured provided the instrument can accommodate them, but the results cannot be comparable with those obtained using specimens less than 10 mm thick.

This document specifies test procedures for the acquisition and presentation of multipoint data on the following mechanical properties of plastics:
—    dynamic modulus;
—    tensile properties at constant test speed;
—    ultimate stress and strain;
—    tensile stress-strain curves;
—    tensile creep;
—    Charpy impact strength;
—    puncture impact behaviour.
The test methods and test conditions apply predominantly to those plastics that can be injection- or compression-moulded or prepared as sheets of specified thickness from which specimens of the appropriate size can be machined.

This document specifies the requirements and test methods for solid flat extruded sheets of polyethylene homopolymers (PE-HD) without fillers or reinforcing materials.
This document is applicable only to thicknesses of 0,5 mm to 40 mm. It also applies to PE-HD sheet in rolled form.

This document specifies test procedures for the acquisition and presentation of multipoint data which demonstrate the behaviour of plastics under the following environments:
—    prolonged exposure to heat;
—    liquid chemicals;
—    environmental stress cracking under a constant tensile stress;
—    artificial weathering.
The tests are listed in order of increasing severity of the environment. By testing under the least severe environments first, it is possible to make informed judgements regarding whether tests under more severe conditions are worthwhile.

This document specifies the requirements and test methods for solid flat extruded sheets of impact-modified polystyrene (PS-I) without fillers and reinforcing materials.
This document applies only to thickness 0,25 mm to 20,0 . It also applies to PS-I sheet in roll form.