CEN/TC 249 - Plastics

This document specifies a method for determining the effect of heat on unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) profiles, to be carried out in air at 150 °C.
It is also applicable to PVC-based profiles at specified temperatures/test conditions.

This document defines test procedures for the acquisition and presentation of comparable data for moulding materials. This document applies predominantly to unreinforced and reinforced thermoplastic and thermosetting materials that can be injection- or compression-moulded or prepared as sheets of specified thickness.

This document specifies the general conditions for the determination of the reduced viscosity, intrinsic viscosity and K‑value of organic polymers in dilute solution. It specifies the standard parameters that are applied to viscosity measurement.
This document is applicable to develop standards for measuring the viscosities in solution of individual types of polymer. It is also applicable to measure and report the viscosities of polymers in solution for which no separate standards exist.

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods for determining the properties of polypropylene (PP) moulding and extrusion materials. It gives requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing.
This document specifies procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens, and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made. Properties and test methods which are suitable and essential to characterize PP moulding and extrusion materials are listed.
The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for, or of particular significance to PP moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document, as are the designatory properties specified in ISO 19069-1.

This document provides the requirements for the tests made on welded thermoplastics semi-finished products.
The selection of the appropriate test method(s) is made in accordance with the particular type and application of welded product.
The test results depend on the conditions of manufacture for the test specimen and on the test conditions. They can therefore only be related to the behaviour of the product or can only be used for designing a structure, if the test conditions can be related to the service conditions.

This document specifies the classifications, requirements and test methods for unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) profiles with thermo-laminated foils designed for external uses which are intended to be used for the fabrication of windows and doors.
NOTE 1   For editorial reasons, in this document, the term "window" is used for window/door.
NOTE 2   For the purpose of production control, test methods other than those specified in this document can be used.

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods for determining the properties of polyethylene (PE) moulding and extrusion materials. It gives requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing.
This document specifies the procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made. Properties and test methods that are suitable and essential to characterize PE moulding and extrusion materials are listed.
The properties in this document have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for or of particular significance to PE moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document, as are the designatory properties specified in ISO 17855-1. Properties of slow crack growth, etc. are specified in documents of polyethylene (PE) materials for piping systems.
The methods of preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified herein are used to obtain reproducible and comparable test results. Values determined will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

This document specifies a method for determining the flexural creep of plastics in the form of standard test specimens under specified conditions such as those of pre-treatment, temperature and humidity. It is only applicable to a simple freely supported beam loaded at mid-span (three-point-loading test).
 The method is suitable for use with rigid and semi-rigid non-reinforced, filled and fibre-reinforced plastics materials (see ISO 472 for definitions) test specimens moulded directly or machined from sheets or moulded articles.
NOTE            The method can be unsuitable for certain fibre-reinforced materials due to differences in fibre orientation
The method is intended to provide data for engineering-design, quality control, research and development purposes.
The method might not be applicable for determining the flexural creep of rigid cellular plastics (attention is drawn in this respect to ISO 1209-1 and ISO 1209-2).

This document provides general guidance and requirements relevant to the selection and operation of the methods of exposure described in detail in subsequent parts of the ISO 4892 series. It also specifies general performance requirements for devices used for exposing plastics to laboratory light sources. Information regarding performance requirements is for producers of artificial accelerated weathering or artificial accelerated irradiation devices.
This document also provides information on the interpretation of data from artificial accelerated weathering or artificial accelerated irradiation exposures. More specific information about methods for determining the change in the properties of plastics after exposure and reporting these results is not part of this document.

This document specifies methods for exposing plastic specimens to fluorescent UV lamp radiation, heat and water in apparatus designed to simulate the weathering effects that occur when plastic materials are exposed in actual end-use environments to global solar radiation, or to window-glass filtered solar radiation.
Fluorescent UV lamp exposures for paints, varnishes and other coatings are described in ISO 16474-3.

This document specifies a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative burning behaviour of vertically oriented thin and relatively flexible plastics specimens exposed to a low-energy-level flame ignition source.
NOTE  These specimens cannot be tested using method B of IEC 60695-11-10:2013 since they distort or shrink away from the applied flame source without igniting.
This test method determines the afterflame and afterglow times of specimens.
The classification system described in Annex A is intended for quality control and the preselection of component materials for products. The classification established by this method of test is applicable only to the material used for the specimens.
NOTE  Test results are influenced by material components, e.g. pigments, fillers, concentrations of fire retardants.

This document provides a scheme for the characterization of sorted plastics wastes, laying out those properties for which the supplying party of the waste makes information available to the receiving party. This document provides for a division of information between "Required Data", where a statement is required, and additional "Optional Data" as agreed between the supplying and receiving party.
This document is the general part of a series on sorted plastics wastes. This document does not cover the description of quality grades per polymer(s) and stream as well as test methods specific to each plastic waste stream; these aspects are addressed in the other parts of EN 15347.

This document specifies the main characteristics and associated test methods for assessing of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) recyclates intended for use in the production of semi-finished/finished products.
This document is intended to support parties involved in the use of PVC recyclates to agree on specifications for specific and generic applications.
This document does not cover the characterization of plastics wastes, which is covered by the EN 153471(series), nor traceability topics which are covered by EN 15343.
This document is applicable without prejudice to any existing legislation.

This document specifies the main characteristics and associated test methods for assessing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) recyclates intended for use in the production of semi-finished/finished products.
It is intended to support parties involved in the use of PET recyclates to agree on specifications for specific and generic applications.
This document does not cover the characterization of plastics wastes, which is covered by the EN 15347 series, neither traceability topics which are covered by EN 15343.
This document is applicable without prejudice to any existing legislation.

This document specifies the dimensions, the method of sampling, the preparation of the test specimens and the conditions for performing the tensile test with waisted test specimens in order to determine the tensile energy welding factor.
A tensile test with waisted specimens can be used in conjunction with other tests (e.g. bend, tensile, tensile creep, macro, etc.) to assess the performance of welded assemblies, made from thermoplastics materials.
The test is applicable to co-axial or co-planar heated tool butt welded assemblies made from thermoplastics materials filled or unfilled, but not reinforced. It is not applicable to tubular assemblies with a nominal outside diameter less than 90 mm.

This document describes the background to methods for the determination of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of polymeric materials. Different techniques are available for these measurements and some can be better suited than others for a particular type, state and form of material. This document provides a broad overview of these techniques. Standards specific to these techniques, as referenced in this document, are used to carry out the actual test method.

This document specifies methods for determination of the ash of polyamides, both filled and unfilled. It follows the general procedures given in ISO 3451-1.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the thermal diffusivity of a thin solid disc of plastics in the thickness direction by the light flash method. This method is based upon the measurement of the temperature rise at the rear face of the thin-disc specimen produced by a short energy pulse on the front face.
The method is applicable to homogeneous solid plastics as well as composites having an isotropic or orthotropic structure. In general, it covers materials having a thermal diffusivity, α, in the range 1 × 10−7 m2⋅s−1 < α < 1 × 10−4 m2⋅s−1. Measurements can be carried out in gaseous and vacuum environments over a temperature range from −100 °C to +400 °C.
NOTE          For inhomogeneous specimens, the measured values can be specimen thickness dependent.

This Technical Report identifies the quality related responsibilities and tasks included in the supervision of activities related to the welding of products and semi-finished products made of thermoplastic materials and provides guidelines to ensure the quality of the supervision.
The fundamental aspects of this Technical Report are the following:
- definition of tasks and responsibilities;
- definition of the required knowledge, skills and competence.
The plastic welding supervisor (PWS) should be employed by the organization involved in the welding activities. This Technical Report applies to all thermoplastic welding processes.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the thermal stability at elevated temperature of compounds and products based on vinyl chloride homopolymers and copolymers (in the following text abbreviated as PVC) which undergo dehydrochlorination (the evolution of hydrogen chloride).
This document is applicable to the characterization of PVC compounds and products, especially with regard to the effectiveness of their heat-stabilizing systems.
It is applicable to coloured PVC compounds and products where a discolouration test under the action of heat may be unsatisfactory.
This document is applicable to compounded PVC materials and products. It can be applicable to polymers in powder form under appropriate conditions, to be agreed upon between the interested parties.
This document does not apply to PVC compounds in the form of dry blends, since such materials can be not sufficiently homogeneous.
This document does not apply to PVC compounds and products which evolve other decomposition products, in addition to hydrogen chloride, at elevated temperatures that can affect the conductivity of water when they are absorbed into it. In this case, a method suitable for the determination of chloride ion (Cl−) in the absorbing solution shall be used (see ISO 182-4[2]).
This document can also be applied to other plastics materials which can evolve hydrogen chloride or other hydrogen halides when heated under the conditions prescribed by the relevant specifications, or as agreed upon between the interested parties.

1.1     This document specifies two methods (method A and method B) for the determination of the tensile-impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. The tests can be described as tensile tests at relatively high strain rates. These methods can be used for rigid materials (as defined in ISO 472), but are especially useful for materials too flexible or too thin to be tested with impact tests conforming to the ISO 179 series or ISO 180.
1.2     These methods are used for investigating the behaviour of specified specimens under specified impact velocities, and for estimating the brittleness or the toughness of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions.
1.3     These methods are applicable both to specimens prepared from moulding materials and to specimens taken from finished or semi-finished products (for example mouldings, laminates, or extruded or cast sheets).
1.4     Results obtained by testing moulded specimens of different dimensions are not necessarily the same. Equally, it is possible that specimens cut from moulded products will not give the same results as specimens of the same dimensions moulded directly from the material. Test results obtained from specimens prepared from moulding compounds cannot be applied directly to mouldings of any given shape, because values may depend on the design of the moulding and the moulding conditions. Results obtained by method A and method B can or can not be comparable.
1.5     These methods are not suitable for use as a source of data for design calculations on components. Information on the typical behaviour of a material can be obtained, however, by testing different types of test specimen prepared under different conditions, and by testing at different temperatures. The two different methods are suitable for production control as well as for quality control.

This document specifies dimensional requirements relating to test specimens prepared from plastics materials intended for processing by moulding, as well as to test specimens prepared by machining from sheets or shaped articles. It compiles the designations and dimensions of test specimens used for the acquisition of comparable data and of other frequently used specimens.
The following types of test specimen are specified:
A            Tensile specimen, multipurpose or reduced-scale
B            Bar specimen
C            Small tensile specimen
D            Square plate specimen
F            Rectangular plate specimen
NOTE    If a particular type of test specimen is not mentioned in this document, this does not mean that there is any intention to exclude the use of the specimen. Additional specimen types can be added in future if they are commonly used.

This document specifies a method for determining the plasticizer absorption at room temperature. It is applicable to PVC general-purpose resins and filler resins designated "G" and "F" in ISO 24024-1.
This document can be used to determine the quantity of plasticizer absorbed by a resin at room temperature to give a dry mixture.

1.1 This document specifies methods for determining the compressive properties, in directions
parallel to the plane of lamination, of fibre-reinforced plastic composites, based on thermosetting or
thermoplastic matrices. The compressive properties are of interest for specifications and qualitycontrol
purposes. The test specimens are machined from a flat test plate, or from suitable finished or
semi-finished products.
1.2 Two loading methods and two types of specimen are described.
The loading methods are:
— Method 1: provides shear loading of the specimen (gauge length unsupported)
— Method 2: provides combined loading of the specimen (gauge length unsupported)
NOTE For tabbed specimens loaded using method 2, load is transferred through a combination of endloading
and shear-loading through the tabs.
The specimen designs are:
— Type A specimen: rectangular cross-section, fixed thickness, end-tabbed (mainly for aerospace
style preimpregnates (~ 0,125 mm ply thickness)
— Type B specimen: rectangular cross-section, range of thicknesses, untabbed or end-tabbed, two
specimen sizes are available (B1 and B2).
The Type A specimen is used for unidirectionally or biaxially reinforced materials tested in the
fibre direction, where the fibres are normally either aligned continuous or aligned long (>7,5 mm)
discontinuous. The Type B1 and B2 specimens are used for multi-directional aligned; mat, fabric and
other multi-directionally reinforced materials where the fibre structure is more complex and/or
coarser.
1.3 This document gives criteria for checking that the combination of test method and specimen
design result in valid failures. It is noted that alternative test method/specimen combinations will not
necessarily give the same result.
1.4 The methods specify required dimensions for the specimen. Tests carried out on specimens of
other dimensions, or on specimens that are prepared under different conditions, can produce results
that are not comparable. Other factors, such as the speed of testing, the support fixture used and the
conditioning of the specimens, can influence the results.

This document specifies the classifications, requirements and test methods for unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) profiles covered with foils designed for external uses bonded with adhesives which are intended to be used for the fabrication of windows and doors.
NOTE 1   For editorial reasons, in this document, the term "window" is used for window/door.
NOTE 2   For the purpose of production control, test methods other than those specified in this document can be used.

This document specifies a method of determining the apparent density, i.e. the mass per unit of volume, of loose material that cannot be poured from a funnel of specified design.
NOTE            For a method of determining the apparent density of loose moulding material that can be poured from a specified funnel, see ISO 60.
This document is applicable to loose moulding materials such as slice, granular or powder.

This document specifies a method for the determination of volatile matter (predominantly water) in aminoplastic moulding materials, by drying in an oven.

This document specifies a method of determining the apparent density, i.e. the mass per unit of volume, of loose material (powder or granular material) that can be poured from a funnel of specified design.
NOTE            For a method of determining the apparent density of loose moulding material that cannot be poured from a specified funnel, see ISO 61.

This document describes the principles to be followed in the analysis of microplastics in various environmental matrices. This includes the unique particle size classification of plastics, the use of certain apparatus with regard to sampling, sample preparation, and the determination of representative sample quantities.
The purpose of this document is to specify minimum requirements until specific standards for the different case situations are available. This is important to ensure that the development of the specific standards is done on a consistent basis to ensure that comparison or correlation of results is possible.
This document does not include requirements for monitoring actions.

This document specifies two calcination methods for the determination of the textile glass and mineral filler content of glass-reinforced plastics:
—     Method A: for the determination of the textile glass content when no mineral fillers are present.
—     Method B: for the determination of the textile-glass and mineral-filler content when both components are present.
This document is applicable to the following types of material:
—     prepregs made from yarns, rovings, tapes or fabrics;
—     SMC, BMC and DMC moulding compounds;
—     textile-glass-reinforced thermoplastic moulding materials and granules;
—     filled or unfilled textile-glass laminates made with thermosetting or thermoplastic resins.
The methods do not apply to the following types of reinforced plastic:
—     those containing reinforcements other than textile glass;
—     those containing materials which do not completely burn off at the test temperature (for example, those based on silicone resin);
—     those containing mineral fillers which degrade at temperatures below the minimum calcination temperature.

This document specifies a method suitable for the production control or product development purposes for assessing the heat release rate of essentially flat products exposed in the horizontal orientation to controlled levels of radiant heating with an external igniter. The heat release rate is determined by the use of a thermopile instead of the more accurate oxygen consumption techniques. The time to ignition and sustained flaming are also measured in this test. The mass loss of the test specimen can also be measured optionally.

This document specifies a method of determining the degree of disintegration of plastic materials when exposed to a laboratory-scale composting environment. The method is not applicable to the determination of the biodegradability of plastic materials under composting conditions. Further testing is necessary to be able to claim compostability.

This document specifies two methods for determining the air flow value of flexible cellular polymeric materials:
—     method A, for conventional types of flexible cellular polymeric material;
—     method B, for all types of flexible cellular polymeric material, but especially for materials with a low permeability to air.
For method B, two methods are specified in this document:
—     method B1: with manual measurement;
—     method B2: with automatic measurement.
NOTE 1       Air flow values can be used to give an indication of the effects of formulation and production variables on the cellular structure.
NOTE 2       In this document, the expression “conventional type of flexible cellular polymeric material” means types which are unsuitable for sealing purposes.

This document specifies two methods, A and B, for determining the pourability of plastics in powdered and granular form, by measuring the flow time through a funnel under specified conditions.
From method A, information concerning the processability can be derived, whilst method B is especially designed for process control during manufacture.
The methods specified are not necessarily applicable to all plastics in powdered and granular form.

This document specifies a method for determining the Charpy impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of notch.
The method can be used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions. It can also be used for the determination of comparative data from similar types of material.

This document specifies a method for determining the Izod impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of notch.
The method is used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of puncture impact properties of rigid plastics, in the form of flat specimens, using instruments for measuring force and deflection. It is applicable if a force-deflection or force-time diagram, recorded at nominal constant striker velocity, is necessary for detailed characterization of the impact behaviour.
The test method is applicable to specimens with a thickness between 1 mm to 4 mm.
The method is suitable for use with the following types of material:
—    rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials, including filled, unfilled and reinforced compounds and sheets;
—    rigid thermosetting moulding and extrusion materials, including filled and reinforced compounds, sheets and laminates;
—    fibre-reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or multi-directional reinforcements such as mats, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings, milled fibres and sheets made from pre-impregnated materials (prepregs).
The method is also applicable to specimens which are either moulded or machined from finished products, laminates and extruded or cast sheet.
The test results are comparable only if the conditions of preparation of the specimens, their dimensions and surfaces as well as the test conditions are the same. In particular, results determined on specimens of different thickness cannot be compared with one another (see Annex E). Comprehensive evaluation of the reaction to impact stress can be obtained by determinations made as a function of impact velocity and temperature for different material variables, such as crystallinity and moisture content.
The impact behaviour of finished products cannot be predicted directly from this test, but specimens may be taken from finished products (see above) for tests by this method.
Test data developed by this method is not intended to be used for design calculations. However, information on the typical behaviour of the material can be obtained by testing at different temperatures and impact velocities (see Annex D) by varying the thickness (see Annex E) and by testing specimens prepared under different conditions.
It is not the purpose of this document to give an interpretation of the mechanism occurring on every particular point of the force-deflection diagram. These interpretations are a task for scientific research.

This document specifies the test conditions for the determination of the tensile properties of isotropic and orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites, based upon the general principles given in ISO 527-1.
NOTE 1   Unidirectional reinforced materials are covered by ISO 527-5.
The methods are used to investigate the tensile behaviour of the test specimens and for determining the tensile strength, tensile modulus, Poisson's ratios and other aspects of the tensile stress-strain relationship under the defined conditions.
The test method is suitable for use with the following materials:
—    fibre-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites incorporating non-unidirectional reinforcements such as mats, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combinations of such reinforcements, hybrids, rovings, short or milled fibres or preimpregnated materials (prepregs);
NOTE 2   Injection moulded specimens are covered by ISO 527-2.
—    combinations of the above with unidirectional reinforcements and multidirectional reinforced materials constructed from unidirectional layers, provided such laminates are symmetrical;
NOTE 3   Materials with completely or mainly unidirectional reinforcements are covered by ISO 527-5.
—    finished products made from materials mentioned above.
The reinforcement fibres covered include glass fibres, carbon fibres, aramid fibres and other similar fibres.

The ISO 11357 series specifies several differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods for the thermal analysis of polymers and polymer blends, such as
—    thermoplastics (polymers, moulding compounds and other moulding materials, with or without fillers, fibres or reinforcements),
—    thermosets (uncured or cured materials, with or without fillers, fibres or reinforcements), and
—    elastomers (with or without fillers, fibres or reinforcements).
The ISO 11357 series is applicable for the observation and measurement of various properties of, and phenomena associated with, the above-mentioned materials, such as
—    physical transitions (glass transition, phase transitions such as melting and crystallization, polymorphic transitions, etc.),
—    chemical reactions (polymerization, crosslinking and curing of elastomers and thermosets, etc.),
—    the stability to oxidation, and
—    the heat capacity.
This document specifies a number of general aspects of differential scanning calorimetry, such as the principle and the apparatus, sampling, calibration and general aspects of the procedure and test report common to all parts.
Details on performing specific methods are given in subsequent parts of the ISO 11357 series (see Foreword).

This document specifies the general principles and the procedures to be followed with thermoplastics in the preparation of compression-moulded test specimens, and sheets from which test specimens can be machined or stamped.
NOTE       In order to obtain mouldings in a reproducible state, the main steps of the procedure, including eight different cooling methods, are standardized. For each material, the required moulding temperature and cooling methods are given in the appropriate International Standard for the material or as agreed between the interested parties.
This document is not applicable to reinforced thermoplastics.

This document specifies a method for determining ε‑caprolactam and ω‑laurolactam in polyamides by gas chromatography. It is applicable particularly to the determination of ε‑caprolactam in polyamide 6 and ω‑laurolactam in polyamide 12.
Two variants of the basic method are specified.
—    Method A is an extraction method with boiling methanol, and the extract is injected into a gas chromatograph.
—    Method B is a method using a solvent, and the solution is injected into a gas chromatograph.

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of polyamide moulding and extrusion materials. It gives the requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing.
This document specifies procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are given. It lists the properties and test methods that are suitable and necessary to characterize polyamide moulding and extrusion materials.
The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350‑1. Other test methods in wide use for, or of particular significance to, these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document, as are the designatory properties viscosity number and tensile modulus given in ISO 16396‑1.

This document specifies two procedures for the determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and
the melt volume-flow rate (MVR) of thermoplastic materials under specified conditions of temperature
and load. Procedure A is a mass-measurement method. Procedure B is a displacement-measurement
method. Normally, the test conditions for measurement of melt flow rate are specified in the material
standard with a reference to this document. The test conditions normally used for thermoplastics are
listed in Annex A.
The MVR is particularly useful when comparing materials of different filler content and when
comparing filled with unfilled thermoplastics. The MFR can be determined from MVR measurements,
or vice versa, provided the melt density at the test temperature is known.
This document is also possibly applicable to thermoplastics for which the rheological behaviour is
affected during the measurement by phenomena such as hydrolysis (chain scission), condensation and
cross-linking, but only if the effect is limited in extent and only if the repeatability and reproducibility
are within an acceptable range. For materials which show significantly affected rheological behaviour
during testing, this document is not appropriate. In such cases, ISO 1133-2 applies.
NOTE The rates of shear in these methods are much smaller than those used under normal conditions of
processing, and therefore it is possible that data obtained by these methods for various thermoplastics will not
always correlate with their behaviour during processing. Both methods are used primarily in quality control.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, and hence the specific heat capacity per unit volume of plastics. The experimental arrangement can be designed to match different specimen sizes. Measurements can be made in gaseous and vacuum environments at a range of temperatures and pressures.
This method gives guidelines for testing homogeneous and isotropic materials, as well as anisotropic materials with a uniaxial structure. The homogeneity of the material extends throughout the specimen and no thermal barriers (except those next to the probe) are present within a range defined by the probing depth(s) (see 3.1).
The method is suitable for materials having values of thermal conductivity, λ, in the approximate range 0,010 W∙m−1∙K−1 < λ < 500 W∙m−1∙K−1, values of thermal diffusivity, α, in the range 5 × 10−8 m2∙s−1 < α < 10−4 m2∙s−1, and for temperatures, T, in the approximate range 50 K < T < 1 000 K.
NOTE 1   The specific heat capacity per unit volume, C, C = ρ ∙ cp, where ρ is the density and cp is the specific heat per unit mass and at constant pressure, can be obtained by dividing the thermal conductivity, λ, by the thermal diffusivity, α, i.e. C = λ/α, and is in the approximate range 0,005 MJ∙m−3∙K−1 < C < 5 MJ∙m−3∙K−1. It is also referred to as the volumetric heat capacity.
NOTE 2   If the intention is to determine the thermal resistance or the apparent thermal conductivity in the through-thickness direction of an inhomogeneous product (for instance a fabricated panel) or an inhomogeneous slab of a material, reference is made to ISO 8301, ISO 8302 and ISO 472.
The thermal-transport properties of liquids can also be determined, provided care is taken to minimize thermal convection.

This document specifies a method of determining the tear resistance of a plastic film under specified conditions. It is applicable to products that, because of their flexibility, do not tear when clamped between the grips of a tensile testing machine. The method makes it possible to compare samples of different products provided their thickness does not differ by more than 10 %.

This document specifies terms and definitions in the field of plastics related to environmental aspects and provides a common vocabulary for:
- bio-based plastics;
- biodegradability;
- carbon and environmental footprint;
- circular economy;
- design;
- plastics in natural environments;
- reuse and recycling;
- waste management.
This document aims to provide a comprehensive glossary which uses the applicable definitions providing when appropriate additional notes to make these definitions understandable without reference to other documents. Definitions are as far as possible adopted from existing standards but when the original intention or definition is unclear additional context or definitions are provided.

This document summarizes the state of standardization in the field of biodegradable plastics and plastics products at CEN and ISO level. It explains the underlying scientific principles of biodegradation that provide the foundations for relevant test methods and enters into the merits of the individual tests to explain and clarify the reasons for the adoption of specific solutions and criteria.
This document primarily focusses on standards adopted by CEN covering environmental biodegradation testing and relevant specifications. It also includes information on disintegration and eco-toxicity tests. A full list of the international standards considered in this document is provided in Annex A.
In a second part, this document highlights areas where standardization in this field is currently lacking and where future developments may be anticipated and useful.

This document specifies a method for the determination of vinyl chloride monomer in homopolymer and copolymer resins of vinyl chloride and compounded materials. The method is based on sample dissolution and headspace gas chromatography. Concentrations of vinyl chloride in the range 0,1 mg/kg to 3,0 mg/kg can be determined.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the density of liquid resins using a pycnometer.

This document specifies four methods for the determination of the Vicat softening temperature (VST) of thermoplastic materials:
—    Method A50 using a force of 10 N and a heating rate of 50 °C/h;
—    Method B50 using a force of 50 N and a heating rate of 50 °C/h;
—    Method A120 using a force of 10 N and a heating rate of 120 °C/h;
—    Method B120 using a force of 50 N and a heating rate of 120 °C/h.
The methods specified are applicable only to thermoplastics, for which they give a measure of the temperature at which the thermoplastics start to soften rapidly.