CEN/TC 249 - Plastics

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (MABS) moulding and extrusion materials. It gives the requirements for handling the test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing.
This document gives procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made. It lists properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize MABS moulding and extrusion materials.
The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for, or of particular significance to, these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document, as are the designatory properties specified in ISO 19066-1.
The methods of specimen preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified in this document are used in order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results. Values determined are not always identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) moulding and extrusion materials. It gives the requirements for handling the test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing.
This document gives procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made. It lists properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize SAN moulding and extrusion materials.
The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for, or of particular significance to, these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document, as are the designatory properties specified in ISO 19064-1.
The methods of specimen preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified in this document are used in order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results. Values determined are not always identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

This document specifies methods for the determination of the glass transition temperature and the step height related to the glass transition of amorphous and partially crystalline plastics.

This document establishes a system of designation for polyetheretherketone (PEEK) moulding and extrusion materials which can be used as the basis for specifications. Polyetheretherketone polymer chains are composed of phenylene rings linked in (1,4) position by a sequence of two ether groups followed by one ketone group.
The grades of PEEK plastics are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory properties
a)   melt viscosity or melt volume-flow rate;
b)   tensile modulus;
c)   tensile strength;
and on information about the intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials.
The designation system is applicable to all polyetheretherketones.
It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets, unmodified or modified by colourants, fillers, reinforcements or other additives.
It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation necessarily give the same performance. This document does not provide engineering data, performance data or data on processing conditions which can be required to specify a material for a particular application and/or method of processing.
If such additional properties are required, they are intended to be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in ISO 23153-2, if suitable.
In order to specify a thermoplastic material for a particular application or to ensure reproducible processing, additional requirements are given in data block 5 (see 4.1).

1.1  This document gives a general test method for the determination of the temperature of deflection under load (flexural stress under three-point loading) of plastics. Different types of test specimen and different constant loads are defined to suit different types of material.
1.2  ISO 75-2 gives specific requirements for plastics (including filled plastics and fibre-reinforced plastics in which the fibre length, prior to processing, is up to 7,5 mm) and ebonite, while ISO 75-3 gives specific requirements for high-strength thermosetting laminates and long-fibre-reinforced plastics in which the fibre length, prior to processing, is greater than 7,5 mm.
1.3  The methods specified are suitable for assessing the relative behaviour of different types of material at elevated temperature under load at a specified rate of temperature increase. The results obtained do not necessarily represent maximum applicable temperatures because, in practice, essential factors, such as time, loading conditions and nominal surface stress, can differ from the test conditions. True comparability of data can only be achieved for materials having the same room-temperature flexural modulus.
1.4  The methods specify preferred dimensions for the test specimens.
1.5  Data obtained using the test methods described are not intended to be used to predict actual end-use performance. The data are not intended for design analysis or prediction of the endurance of materials at elevated temperatures.
1.6  This method is commonly known as the heat deflection temperature or heat distortion temperature (HDT) test, although there is no official document using this designation.

This document summarizes current scientific literature on the occurrence of macroplastics and microplastics, in the environment and biota. It gives an overview of testing methods, including sampling from various environmental matrix, sample preparation and analysis. Further, chemical and physical testing methods for the identification and quantification of plastics are described.
This document gives recommendations for three steps necessary for the standardization of methods towards harmonized procedures for sampling, sample preparation and analysis.
This document does not apply indoor and health related aspects.
NOTE    The collection of plastics or microplastics in the environment by citizen social monitoring projects is not in the scope of this document. Although such projects can help sensitize the society to environmental problems and can even reduce the entry and presence of plastics in the environment, this monitoring concept is not considered suitable for a robustly representative and scientific analysis of microplastics in the environment via standardization.

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) moulding and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are given.
Procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are also given. Properties and test methods that are suitable and necessary to characterize PEEK moulding and extrusion materials are listed.
In order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results, the methods of preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified herein are used. Values determined will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

See title

1.1  This document specifies a method for determining the Izod impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of notch.
1.2  The method is used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions.
1.3  The method is suitable for use with the following range of materials:
—     rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials, including filled and reinforced compounds in addition to unfilled types; rigid thermoplastics sheets;
—     rigid thermosetting moulding materials, including filled and reinforced compounds; rigid thermosetting sheets, including laminates;
—     fibre-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or non-unidirectional reinforcements such as mat, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings and milled fibres and sheet made from pre-impregnated materials (prepregs);
—     thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers.
1.4  The method is not normally suitable for use with rigid cellular materials and sandwich structures containing cellular material. Notched specimens are also not normally used for long-fibre-reinforced composites or thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers.
1.5  The method is suited to the use of specimens which can be either moulded to the chosen dimensions, machined from the central portion of a standard multipurpose test specimen (see ISO 20753) or machined from finished or semi-finished products such as mouldings, laminates and extruded or cast sheet.
1.6  The method specifies preferred dimensions for the test specimen. Tests which are carried out on specimens of different dimensions or with different notches, or specimens which are prepared under different conditions, may produce results which are not comparable. Other factors, such as the energy capacity of the apparatus, its impact velocity and the conditioning of the specimens can also influence the results. Consequently, when comparative data are required, these factors are to be carefully controlled and recorded.
1.7  The method is not intended to be used as a source of data for design calculations. Information on the typical behaviour of a material can be obtained, however, by testing at different temperatures, by varying the notch radius and/or the thickness and by testing specimens prepared under different conditions.

This document establishes a system of designation for polyoxymethylene (POM) thermoplastic material, which can be used as the basis for specifications.
NOTE       Polyoxymethylene materials are thermoplastic materials composed principally of long-chain synthetic homopolymers and copolymers of formaldehyde. The repeating unit in the molecular chain is ? CH2O ? as an integral part of the main polymer chain resulting from polymerization of formaldehyde.
The types of polyoxymethylene plastic are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the following designatory properties:
a)   melt mass-flow rate or melt volume-flow rate;
b)   tensile modulus, and on information about basic polymer parameters, intended application, method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials.
This document is applicable to all polyoxymethylene homopolymers and to copolymers of polyoxymethylene and blends of polymers containing polyoxymethylene. It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets and to materials unmodified and modified by colorants, additives, fillers, etc. It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation necessarily give the same performance.
This document does not provide engineering data, performance data or data on processing conditions which can be required to specify materials for particular end-use applications. If such additional properties are required, they are to be determined in accordance with the test methods specified by the relevant International Standard.

This document specifies, for flexible and rigid cellular polymeric materials, laboratory procedures which are intended to imitate the effects of naturally occurring reactions such as oxidation or hydrolysis by humidity. The physical properties of interest are measured before and after the application of the specified treatments.
Test conditions are only given for open cellular latex, both open- and closed-cell polyurethane foams, and closed-cell polyolefin foams. Conditions for other materials will be added as required.
The effect of the ageing procedures on any of the physical properties of the material can be examined, but those normally tested are either the elongation and tensile properties, or the compression or indentation hardness properties.
These tests do not necessarily correlate either with service behaviour or with ageing by exposure to light.
If desired, the ageing conditions contained in this document can be applied to composite structures containing any of the above types of cellular material. This can be helpful in the investigation of possible interactions between cellular materials and other substrates. Composite constructions can be in the form of complete finished products or representative small specimens cut there-from.

This document establishes a system of designation for thermoplastic polyester (TP) material, which can be used as the basis for specifications. It covers polyester homopolymers for moulding and extrusion based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), poly(cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT), poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN), poly(butylene naphthalates) (PBN) and other TP-types and copolyesters of various compositions for moulding and extrusion.
The types of thermoplastic polyester are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory properties:
a)    viscosity number;
b)    tensile modulus of elasticity;
and on information about the intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials.
This designation system is applicable to thermoplastic polyester homopolymers and copolymers. It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets, unmodified or modified by colorants, fillers and other additives. This document does not apply to the saturated polyester/ester and polyether/ester thermoplastic elastomers covered by ISO 20029.
It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation give necessarily the same performance. This document does not provide engineering data, performance data or data on processing conditions which can be required to specify a material. If such additional properties are required, they are intended to be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in ISO 20028-2, if suitable.
In order to designate a thermoplastic polyester material to meet particular specifications, the requirements are to be given in data block 5 (see 4.1).

This document specifies a method using a shear test apparatus for measuring the in-plane shear stress/shear strain response, shear modulus and shear strength of continuous-fibre-reinforced plastic composite materials with fibre orientations of 0° and 0°/90°.
This method is applicable to thermoset and thermoplastic matrix laminates made from unidirectional layers/non-woven fabrics and/or fabrics including unidirectional fabrics, with the fibres oriented at 0° and 0°/90° to the specimen axis, where the lay-up is symmetrical and balanced about the specimen mid-plane.
The method is suitable for determining shear properties in both the linear and nonlinear load-deformation range even at shear strains greater than 5 %.
Short and long fibre-reinforced plastic composites can also be tested using this document.

1.1    This document specifies the general principles for determining the tensile properties of plastics and plastic composites under defined conditions. Several different types of test specimen are defined to suit different types of material which are detailed in subsequent parts of ISO 527.
1.2    The methods are used to investigate the tensile behaviour of the test specimens and for determining the tensile strength, tensile modulus and other aspects of the tensile stress/strain relationship under the conditions defined.
1.3    The methods are selectively suitable for use with the following materials:
—          rigid and semi-rigid moulding, extrusion and cast thermoplastic materials, including filled and reinforced compounds in addition to unfilled types; rigid and semi-rigid thermoplastics sheets and films;
—          rigid and semi-rigid thermosetting moulding materials, including filled and reinforced compounds; rigid and semi-rigid thermosetting sheets, including laminates;
—          fibre-reinforced thermosets and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or non-unidirectional reinforcements, such as mat, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combination and hybrid reinforcement, rovings and milled fibres; sheet made from pre-impregnated materials (prepregs);
—          thermotropic liquid crystal polymers.
The methods are not normally suitable for use with rigid cellular materials, for which ISO 1926 is used, or for sandwich structures containing cellular materials.

This document specifies the requirements for solid, flat extruded sheets of polycarbonate (PC) for general applications. It applies specifically to sheets made of poly(p,p′-isopropylidene-diphenyl carbonate). The sheets can be coloured or colourless, and they can be transparent, translucent or opaque. The sheets can also be those that have a special weather-protective layer on one or both surfaces.
This document applies only to thicknesses equal to or greater than 1,5 mm.

This document establishes a system of designation for polyketone (PK) moulding and extrusion materials which may be used as the basis for specifications. Polyketone polymer chains are built up from regularly alternating olefinic units and keto groups. The olefinic units shall be randomly distributed ethylene and propylene.
The types of polyketone plastics are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory properties, melting temperature, melt mass-flow rate, temperature of deflection under load and on information about the intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colour, fillers and reinforcing materials.
The designation system is applicable to all polyketone terpolymers and blends. It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets, unmodified or modified by colourants, fillers or other additives.
It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation give necessarily the same performance. This document does not provide engineering data, performance data or data on processing conditions which may be required to specify a material. If such additional properties are required, they are intended to be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in ISO 21970-2, if suitable.
In order to designate a polyketone to meet particular specifications, the requirements are to be given in data block 5 (see 4.1).

This document specifies a method for the determination of the resistance of moulded test specimens of polypropylene and propylene-copolymers to accelerated ageing by heat in the presence of air using a forced draught oven.
The method represents an attempt to estimate the service life of parts fabricated from propylene plastics.
The stability determined by this method is not directly related to the suitability of the material for use when different environmental conditions prevail.
NOTE       The specified thermal levels are considered sufficiently severe to cause failure of commercial grades of heat-stable propylene plastics within a reasonable period of time. If desired, lower temperatures can be applied to estimate the performance of propylene plastics with lower heat stabilities.

This document specifies fundamental radiographic techniques with film, which enable repeatable results to be obtained economically.
This document applies to the X-ray radiographic examination of heated tool, electrofusion, extrusion and hot gas joints in plastics materials.
It applies to joints in solid wall pipes and plates with a range of thicknesses from 5 mm to 100 mm. It only applies to pipes containing air or other gases at the time of X-ray testing.
This document does not specify acceptance levels of the indications.

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the standard test methods to be used in determining the properties of thermoplastic polyketone moulding and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling test material and/or conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are given.
The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350‑1. Other test methods in wide use for or of particular significance to these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document, as are the designatory properties specified in ISO 21970-1.
It is intended that the methods of preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified in this document be used in order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results. Values determined will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

This document specifies the requirements for flat extruded sheets and pressed sheets of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) and the test methods to be used to measure the required values.
It applies only to sheets of thickness not less than 1,0 mm.
It does not cover biaxially stretched PVC-U sheets.

This document covers the determination of the total luminous transmittance, in the visible region of the spectrum, of planar transparent and substantially colourless plastics, using a single-beam photometer with a specified CIE Standard light source and photodetector. This document cannot be used for plastics which contain fluorescent materials.
This document is applicable to transparent moulding materials, films and sheets not exceeding 10 mm in thickness.
NOTE 1    Total luminous transmittance can also be determined by a double-beam spectrophotometer as in ISO 13468-2. This document, however, provides a simple but precise, practical and quick determination. This method is suitable for use not only for analytical purposes but also for quality control.
NOTE 2    Substantially colourless plastics include those which are faintly tinted.
NOTE 3    Specimens more than 10 mm thick can be measured provided the instrument can accommodate them, but the results might not be comparable with those obtained using specimens less than 10 mm thick.

This document provides a structure for inclusion of environmental aspects in standards for plastics products. It proposes an approach which is directed at minimizing any adverse environmental impact without detracting from the primary purpose of ensuring adequate fitness for use of the products under consideration.
The guidance provided by this document is intended primarily for use by standards writers. Over and above its primary purpose, however, this document provides guidance of value to those involved in design work and other activities where environmental aspects of plastics are being considered.
NOTE       This document is intended to promote the following practices:
a)   the use of techniques for identifying and assessing the environmental impact of technical provisions in standards, and for minimizing their adverse effects;
b)   the adoption of good practices such as:
1)   procedures for pollution avoidance, e.g. through end-of-life options and its proper management;
2)   material and energy conservation in the light of the intended use (and foreseeable misuse) of the product;
3)   safe use of hazardous substances;
4)   avoidance of technically unjustifiable restrictive practices;
5)   promotion of performance criteria rather than exclusion clauses such as are based, for example, only on chemical composition criteria;
6)   use of renewable resources and minimization of the use of non-renewable resources, if the life cycle assessment shows favourable;
c)   the adoption of a balanced approach in standards development to issues such as environmental impact, product function and performance, health and safety, and other regulatory requirements;
d)   the regular review and revision of existing standards in the light of technical innovations, permitting improvement in the environmental impact of products and processes;
e)   the application of life cycle analytical approaches wherever applicable and technically justifiable.

This document specifies a test method for determining the peel strength of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) based profiles laminated with foils.

This document describes a method for the accelerated conditioning of test specimens of polyamides and
copolyamides. It is applicable to grades containing fillers and other additives, but not grades containing
more than a mass fraction of 2 % extractables.
The equilibrium moisture content attained by this method is close to the equilibrium moisture content
obtained in standard atmosphere 23 °C/50 %RH. The values of mechanical properties obtained after
accelerated conditioning in accordance with this method can differ slightly from those obtained after
conditioning in standard atmosphere 23 °C/50 %RH.

This document specifies two methods for the determination of the thermal stability of products and compounds based on vinyl chloride homopolymers and copolymers (referred to simply as PVC in the following text) by the extent of the discoloration that occurs when they are exposed, in the form of sheet, to elevated temperatures. The two methods are:
—          Method A: Oil-bath method;
—          Method B: Oven method.
These methods are particularly applicable to the determination of the resistance of PVC to degradation by heat, as assessed by the change in colour after different times of heating under standardized conditions. The results are comparative only, and can be unsatisfactory when coloured PVC materials are tested.
The stability times given by the two methods might not be similar and cannot be used for direct-comparison purposes.

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of polybutene-1 (PB-1) moulding and extrusion materials. For the sake of simplicity, the designation polybutene-1 and the abbreviation PB are used in this document. Requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are also specified.
Procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are given. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize PB-1 moulding and extrusion materials are listed.
The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for or of particular significance to these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document, as is the designatory property specified in ISO 21302-1.
In order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results, it is intended to use the methods of specimen preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified in this document. Values determined will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

This document establishes a system of designation for polybutene-1 (PB-1) thermoplastic materials which can be used as the basis for specifications. For the sake of simplicity, the designation polybutene-1 and the abbreviation PB are used in this document.
The types of polybutene plastics are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory property melt volume-flow rate and on information about basic polymer parameters, intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials.
This document is applicable to all butene-1 homopolymers and to copolymers of butene-1 with a maximum content of other 1-olefinic monomers of less than 50 g/kg (mass fraction) and with a content of non-olefinic monomers with functional groups up to a maximum of 3 g/kg (mass fraction).
It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets, unmodified or modified by colorants, additives, fillers, etc.
It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation give necessarily the same performance. This document does not provide engineering data, performance data or data on processing conditions which can be required to specify a material for a particular application and/or method of processing. If such additional properties are required, they are intended to be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in ISO 21302-2, if suitable.
In order to specify a thermoplastic material for a particular application or to ensure reproducible processing, additional requirements are given in data block 5 (see 4.1).

The various parts of ISO 6721 specify methods for the determination of the dynamic mechanical properties of rigid plastics within the region of linear viscoelastic behaviour. This document specifies the definitions and describes the general principles including all aspects that are common to the individual test methods described in the subsequent parts.
Different deformation modes can produce results that are not directly comparable. For example, tensile vibration results in a stress which is uniform across the whole thickness of the specimen, whereas flexural measurements are influenced preferentially by the properties of the surface regions of the specimen.
Values derived from flexural-test data will be comparable to those derived from tensile-test data only at strain levels where the stress-strain relationship is linear and for specimens which have a homogeneous structure.

This document specifies methods for the determination of the water content of plastics in the form of powder, granules, and finished articles. These methods do not test for water absorption (kinetics and equilibrium) of plastics as measured by ISO 62.
Method A is suitable for the determination of water content as low as 0,1 % with an accuracy of 0,1 %. Method B and Method C are suitable for the determination of water content as low as 0,01 % with an accuracy of 0,01 %. Method D is suitable for the determination of water content as low as 0,01 % with an accuracy of 0,01 %. Method E is suitable for the determination of water content as low as 0,001 % with an accuracy of 0,001 %. The stated accuracies are detection limits which depend also on the maximal possible sample mass. The water content is expressed as a percentage mass fraction of water.
Method D is suitable for polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), epoxy resin, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polylactide (PLA), polyamidimid (PAI), it is especially not recommended for samples which can release NH3. Methods A, B, C and E are generally suitable for all types of plastic and moisture level.
Water content is an important parameter for processing materials and is expected to remain below the level specified in the appropriate material standard.
Six alternative methods are specified in this document.
—          Method A is an extraction method using anhydrous methanol followed by a Karl Fischer titration of the extracted water. It can be used for all plastics and is applicable to granules smaller than 4 mm × 4 mm × 3 mm. The method can also be used for, e.g. prepolymer materials in the form of a powder that are insoluble in methanol.
—          Method B1 is a vaporization method using a tube oven. The water contained in the test portion is vaporized and carried to the titration cell by a dry air or nitrogen carrier gas, followed by a Karl Fischer titration or a coulometric determination by means of a moisture sensor of the collected water. It can be used for all plastics and is applicable to granules smaller than 4 mm × 4 mm × 3 mm.
—          Method B2 is a vaporization method using a heated sample vial. The water contained in the test portion is vaporized and carried to the titration cell by a dry air or nitrogen carrier gas, followed by a Karl Fischer titration of the collected water. It can be used for all plastics and is applicable to granules smaller than 4 mm × 4 mm × 3 mm.
—          Method C is a manometric method. The water content is determined from the increase in pressure, which results when the water is evaporated under a vacuum. This method is not applicable to plastic samples containing volatile compounds, other than water, in amounts contributing significantly to the vapour pressure at room temperature. Checks for the presence of large amounts of volatile compounds are to be carried out periodically, for example by gas chromatography. Such checks are particularly required for new types or grades of material.
—          Method D is a thermocoulometric method using a diphosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) cell for the detection of the vaporized water. The water contained in the test portion is vaporized and carried to the sensor cell by a dry air or nitrogen carrier gas, followed by a coulometric determination of the collected water. This method is not applicable to plastic sa

This document specifies a method for determining the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved. The method is designed to yield an optimum degree of biodegradation by adjusting the humidity of the test soil.
If a non-adapted soil is used as an inoculum, the test simulates the biodegradation processes which take place in a natural environment; if a pre-exposed soil is used, the method can be used to investigate the potential biodegradability of a test material.
This method applies to the following materials:
—          natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or mixtures of these;
—          plastic materials which contain additives such as plasticizers or colorants;
—          water-soluble polymers.
It does not necessarily apply to materials which, under the test conditions, inhibit the activity of the microorganisms present in the soil. Inhibitory effects can be measured using an inhibition control or by another suitable method. If the test material inhibits the microorganisms in the soil, a lower test material concentration, another type of soil or a pre-exposed soil can be used.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the viscosity number of dilute solutions of polyamides in certain specified solvents.
The method is applicable to the polyamides designated PA 46, PA 6, PA 66, PA 69, PA 610, PA 612, PA 11, PA 12, PA 6T/66, PA 6I/6T, PA 6T/6I/66, PA 6T/6I, PA 6I/6T/66 and PA MXD6 as defined in ISO 16396-1, as well as to copolyamides, compounds of polyamides and other polyamides that are soluble in one of the specified solvents under the specified conditions.
The method is not applicable to polyamides produced by anionic polymerization of lactams or produced with cross-linking agents; such polyamides are normally insoluble in the specified solvents.
The viscosity number is determined by the general procedure specified in ISO 1628‑1, observing the particular conditions specified in this document.

This document specifies two methods (A and B) for determining the linear dynamic mechanical properties of plastics, i.e. the storage and loss components of the torsional modulus, as a function of temperature, for small deformations within the frequency range from 0,1 Hz to 10 Hz.
NOTE       The temperature dependence of these properties, measured over a sufficiently broad range of temperatures (for example from −50 °C to +150 °C for most commercially available plastics), gives information on the transition regions (for example the glass transition and the melting transition) of the polymer. It also provides information concerning the onset of plastic flow.
The two methods described are not applicable to non-symmetrical laminates (see ISO 6721-3). The methods are not suitable for testing rubbers, for which the user is referred to ISO 4664-2.

This document specifies a method for determining the flexural properties of rigid and semi-rigid plastics under defined conditions. A preferred test specimen is defined, but parameters are included for alternative specimen sizes for use where appropriate. A range of test speeds is included.
The method is used to investigate the flexural behaviour of the test specimens and to determine the flexural strength, flexural modulus and other aspects of the flexural stress/strain relationship under the conditions defined. It applies to a freely supported beam, loaded at midspan (three-point loading test).
The method is suitable for use with the following range of materials:
—          thermoplastic moulding, extrusion and casting materials, including filled and reinforced compounds in addition to unfilled types; rigid thermoplastics sheets;
—          thermosetting moulding materials, including filled and reinforced compounds; thermosetting sheets.
In agreement with ISO 10350-1[5] and ISO 10350-2[6], this document applies to fibre-reinforced compounds with fibre lengths ≤7,5 mm prior to processing. For long-fibre-reinforced materials (laminates) with fibre lengths >7,5 mm, see ISO 14125[7].
The method is not normally suitable for use with rigid cellular materials or sandwich structures containing cellular material. In such cases, ISO 1209-1[3] and/or ISO 1209-2[4] can be used.
NOTE 1    For certain types of textile-fibre-reinforced plastic, a four-point bending test is used. This is described in ISO 14125.
The method is performed using specimens which can be either moulded to the specified dimensions, machined from the central section of a standard multipurpose test specimen (see ISO 20753) or machined from finished or semi-finished products, such as mouldings, laminates, or extruded or cast sheet.
The method specifies the preferred dimensions for the test specimen. Tests which are carried out on specimens of different dimensions, or on specimens which are prepared under different conditions, can produce results which are not comparable. Other factors, such as the test speed and the conditioning of the specimens, can also influence the results.
NOTE 2    Especially for injection moulded semi-crystalline polymers, the thickness of the oriented skin layer, which is dependent on the moulding conditions, also affects the flexural properties.
The method is not suitable for the determination of design parameters but can be used in materials testing and as a quality control test.

This document establishes a system of designation for thermoplastic PE-UHMW materials, which can be used as the basis for specifications.
For the purposes of this document, PE-UHMW materials are polyethylene materials having a melt mass-flow rate (MFR) of less than 0,1 g/10 min, measured at 190 °C and 21,6 kg load.
NOTE       It has been confirmed that the melt volume-flow rate (MVR) is useful for characterizing some PE-UHMW materials (e.g. pipe materials) under the test condition of 230 °C/21,6 kg and bore diameter of die with 3,628 mm (see ISO 21304-2).
The types of PE-UHMW are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory properties:
a)   viscosity number;
b)   elongational stress;
c)   Charpy double-notched impact strength;
and on information about the intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials.
This designation system is applicable to all PE-UHMW homopolymers and to ultra-high-molecular-weight copolymers of ethylene having a content of other 1-olefinic monomers of less than 50 % by mass and a content of non-olefinic monomers with functional groups up to a maximum of 3 % by mass. It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets, unmodified or modified by colorants, fillers and other additives.
It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation give necessarily the same performance. This document does not provide engineering data, performance data or data on processing conditions which can be required to specify a material. If such additional properties are required, they are intended to be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in ISO 21304-2, if suitable.
In order to specify a thermoplastic PE-UHMW material to meet particular specifications, the requirements are to be given in data block 5 (see 4.1).

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of PVC-U moulding and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling test materials and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are given.
The properties required for the designation of PVC-U thermoplastics are given in ISO 21306-1. All properties are intended to be determined by the appropriate methods referred to in this document and values obtained shall be presented as laid down in ISO 10350-1.
The values determined in accordance with this document are not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions and/or prepared by different procedures. The values obtained for the properties of a moulding depend on the moulding compound, the shape, the test method and the state of anisotropy. The last-mentioned depends on the gating of the mould and the moulding conditions, for example temperature, pressure and injection rate. Any subsequent treatment is also be considered, for example conditioning or annealing.
The thermal history and the internal stresses of the specimens can strongly influence the thermal and mechanical properties and the resistance to environmental stress cracking, but exert less effect on the electrical properties, which depend mainly on the chemical composition of the moulding compound.
In order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results, the methods of preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified herein are used. Values determined are not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

This document specifies a method, by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer, for the determination of the degree of aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials, including those containing formulation additives. The test material is exposed in an aqueous medium under laboratory conditions to an inoculum from activated sludge.
If an unadapted activated sludge is used as the inoculum, the test simulates the biodegradation processes which occur in a natural aqueous environment; if a mixed or pre-exposed inoculum is used, the method is used to investigate the potential biodegradability of a test material.
The conditions used in this document do not necessarily correspond to the optimum conditions allowing maximum biodegradation to occur, but this document is designed to determine the potential biodegradability of plastic materials or give an indication of their biodegradability in natural environments.
The method enables the assessment of the biodegradability to be improved by calculating a carbon balance (optional, see Annex E).
The method applies to the following materials.
—          Natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or mixtures thereof.
—          Plastic materials which contain additives such as plasticizers, colorants or other compounds.
—          Water-soluble polymers.
—          Materials which, under the test conditions, do not inhibit the microorganisms present in the inoculum. Inhibitory effects can be determined using an inhibition control or by another appropriate method (see, for example, ISO 8192[2]). If the test material is inhibitory to the inoculum, a lower test concentration, another inoculum or a pre-exposed inoculum can be used.

This document establishes a system of designation for unplasticized PVC thermoplastic material which may be used as the basis for specifications.
The types of PVC-U plastics are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory properties
a)    Vicat softening temperature,
b)    impact strength (Charpy notched),
c)    modulus of elasticity
and on information about basic polymer parameters, intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials.
This document is applicable to all unplasticized compositions of homopolymers and copolymers that contain at least a mass fraction of 50 % of vinyl chloride. It is also applicable to compositions containing chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) and to compositions containing blends of one or more of the above-mentioned polymers, provided that the total amount of these polymers represents at least a mass fraction of 50 % of the polymer content of the composition.
It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets and to materials unmodified or modified by colorants, additives, fillers, etc.
This document does not apply to cellular plastics.
It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation give necessarily the same performance. This document does not provide engineering data, performance data or data on processing conditions which can be required to specify a material for a particular application and/or method of processing.
If such additional properties are required, they can be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in ISO 21306-2, if suitable.
In order to specify a thermoplastic material for a particular application or to ensure reproducible processing, additional requirements may be given in data block 5 (see 4.1).

This document specifies the methods to be used in determining the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol), which is normally prepared by hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate) and whose composition comprises vinyl alcohol monomeric units and vinyl acetate monomeric units. This document is applicable to poly(vinyl alcohol) with a vinyl alcohol unit content (degree of hydrolysis) from 70 mol% to 100 mol%.
In addition to the designatory properties specified in ISO 15023-1 (degree of hydrolysis and viscosity of an aqueous solution), this document includes a number of other properties which are commonly used to specify PVAL materials (see Table 1).

This document specifies methods for determining the deterioration of plastics due to the action of fungi and bacteria and soil microorganisms. The aim is not to determine the biodegradability of plastics or the deterioration of natural fibre composites.
The type and extent of deterioration can be determined by
a)    visual examination and/or
b)    changes in mass and/or
c)    changes in other physical properties.
The tests are applicable to all plastics that have an even surface and that can thus be easily cleaned. The exceptions are porous materials, such as plastic foams.
This document uses the same test fungi as IEC 60068-2-10. The IEC method, which uses so-called "assembled specimens", calls for inoculation of the specimens with a spore suspension, incubation of the inoculated specimens and assessment of the fungal growth as well as any physical attack on the specimens.
The volume of testing and the test strains used depend on the application envisaged for the plastic.

This document specifies three methods for the determination of the density of non-cellular plastics in the form of void-free moulded or extruded objects, as well as powders, flakes and granules.
—          Method A: Immersion method, for solid plastics (except for powders) in void-free form.
—          Method B: Liquid pycnometer method, for particles, powders, flakes, granules or small pieces of finished parts.
—          Method C: Titration method, for plastics in any void-free form.
NOTE       Density is frequently used to follow variations in physical structure or composition of plastic materials. Density can also be useful in assessing the uniformity of samples or specimens. Often, the density of plastic materials depend upon the choice of specimen preparation method. When this is the case, precise details of the specimen preparation method are intended to be included in the appropriate material specification. This note is applicable to all three methods.

This document specifies a gradient column method for the determination of the density of non-cellular moulded or extruded plastics or pellets in void-free form. Density gradient columns are columns containing a mixture of two liquids, the density in the column increasing uniformly from top to bottom.
NOTE       Density is frequently used to follow variations in physical structure or composition of plastic materials. Density can also be useful in assessing the uniformity of samples or specimens. The density of plastic materials can depend upon the choice of specimen preparation method. When this is the case, precise details of the specimen preparation method are intended to be included in the appropriate material specification.

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) moulding and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling the test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are given.
Procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are given. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize ABS moulding and extrusion materials are listed.
The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for, or of particular significance to, these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document, as are the designatory properties specified in ISO 19062-1.
In order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results, it is intended to use the methods of specimen preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified in this document. Values determined will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA), acrylonitrile-(ethylene-propylenediene)-styrene (AEPDS) and acrylonitrile-(chlorinated polyethylene)-styrene (ACS) moulding and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling the test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are given.
Procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are given. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize ASA, AEPDS and ACS moulding and extrusion materials are listed.
The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for, or of particular significance to, these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document, as are the designatory properties specified in ISO 19065-1.
In order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results, it is intended to use the methods of specimen preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified in this document. Values determined will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

This document establishes a system of designation for ethylene/vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer thermoplastic materials, which may be used as the basis for specifications.
The types of ethylene/vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer plastic are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory property:
—          melt mass-flow rate;
—          and on information about basic polymer parameters, intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials.
This document is applicable to copolymers of ethylene and vinyl alcohol containing from 15 mol % to 60 mol % of ethylene. It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets, unmodified or modified by colorants, additives, fillers, etc.
It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation give necessarily the same performance. This document does not provide engineering data, performance data or data on processing conditions which can be required to specify a material for a particular application and/or method of processing.
If such additional properties are required, they are intended to be determined in accordance with the test methods described ISO 21309-2, if suitable.
In order to specify a thermoplastic material for a particular application or to ensure reproducible processing, additional requirements can be given in data block 4 and 5 (see Clause 4, introductory paragraph).

This document establishes a system of designation for poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) thermoplastic materials, which can be used as the basis for specifications.
The types of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) materials are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory properties
a)    melt mass-flow rate or melt viscosity;
b)    density;
c)    tensile modulus;
and on information about the intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials.
This document is applicable to all PPS materials. It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets and to materials unmodified or modified by colorants, additives, fillers, etc.
It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation give necessarily the same performance. This document does not provide engineering data, performance data or data on processing conditions which can be required to specify a material for a particular application and/or method of processing. If such additional properties are required, they are intended to be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in ISO 20558‑2, if suitable.
In order to specify a thermoplastic material for a particular application or to ensure reproducible processing, the requirements are given in data block 5 (see 4.1).

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) moulding and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are given.
Procedures and conditions are described for the preparation of test specimens, and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are given. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize poly(phenylene sulfide) moulding and extrusion materials are listed.
The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350‑1. Other test methods in wide use for, or of particular significance to, these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document as are the designatory properties specified in ISO 20558‑1 (melt mass-flow rate or melt viscosity, density and tensile modulus).
In order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results, it is intended to use the methods of preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified in this document. Values determined will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of ethylene/vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer moulding and extrusion materials. It gives requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing.
This document describes procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens, and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize EVOH moulding and extrusion materials are listed in this document.
The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for or of particular significance to these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document, as is the melt mass-flow rate designatory property specified in ISO 21309-1.
In order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results, it is intended to use the methods of specimen preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified herein. Values determined will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

This document specifies the vocabulary, methods for characterization, and templates for reporting about bio-based polymers, plastics, and plastics products (including semi-finished plastics products and composites).
In particular this document covers: terminology, bio-based content, bio-based carbon content, Life Cycle Assessment, sustainability aspects, and declaration tools.
Biocompatible polymers and plastics for medical applications covered by specific provisions are out of the scope of this document.

This document specifies general methods, with suitable test conditions, for the determination of the ash of a range of plastics. The particular conditions chosen can be included in the specifications for the plastic material in question.
Particular conditions applicable to poly(alkylene terephthalate) materials, unplasticized cellulose acetate, polyamides and poly(vinyl chloride) plastics, including some specific filled, glass-fibre-reinforced and flame-retarded materials, are specified in ISO 3451-2, ISO 3451-3, ISO 3451-4 and ISO 3451-5.

This document establishes a system of designation for polycarbonate (PC) moulding and extrusion materials, which can be used as the basis for specifications.
The types of polycarbonate plastic are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory properties:
a)    melt volume-flow rate;
b)    Charpy notched impact strength;
and on information about the intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials.
This document is applicable to all polycarbonate homopolymers and copolymers. It applies to unmodified materials ready for normal use and materials modified, for example, by colorants, additives, fillers, reinforcing materials, and polymer modifiers.
It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation give necessarily the same performance. This document does not provide engineering data, performance data or data on processing conditions which can be required to specify a material. If such additional properties are required, they are intended to be determined in accordance with the test methods specified ISO 21305-2, if suitable.
In order to designate a thermoplastic material to meet particular specifications, the requirements are given in data block 5 (see 4.6).