CEN/TS 12169:2008
(Main)Criteria for the assessment of conformity of a lot of sawn timber
Criteria for the assessment of conformity of a lot of sawn timber
This document defines the sampling plans and procedures for inspection by attributes (measurable properties) of sawn timber lots exhibiting a homogenous distribution of characteristics. It also gives control regulations and conditions for conformity or non conformity of a lot in view of the agreed specification.
This document applies to any sawn timber products claimed to comply with specifications defined in the sales contract.
It does not cover the spread of different qualities within a grade or between the contracted grades.
In case of a dispute, a sampling carried out only by customer or supplier is not valid as it cannot be guaranteed to be free from manipulation. Furthermore parties are free to enlarge the sampling or make use of another method provided an agreement is made between the interested parties.
Kriterien zur Konformitätsprüfung eines Loses Schnittholz
Dieses Dokument legt Stichprobenahmepläne und -verfahren zur Überprüfung durch Merkmale (messbare
Eigenschaften) von Schnittholzlosen fest, die eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Eigenschaften aufweisen. Sie
enthält außerdem Prüfanweisungen und Bedingungen für die Konformität oder Nicht-Konformität eines Loses
im Hinblick auf die vereinbarte Spezifikation.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar auf Schnittholzprodukte, für die davon ausgegangen wird, dass sie die in
einem Kaufvertrag definierten Spezifikationen erfüllen.
Es umfasst nicht die Überprüfung der Verteilung von verschiedenen Qualitäten innerhalb einer Handelsklasse
oder zwischen den vertraglich vereinbarten Güteklassen.
Im Streitfall ist eine Stichprobenahme, die allein vom Abnehmer oder allein vom Lieferanten durchgeführt
wurde, nicht bindend, da eine manipulationsfreie Stichprobenahme nicht immer nachgewiesen werden kann.
Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, den Stichprobenumfang zu vergrößern oder ein anderes Stichprobenahmeverfahren
anzuwenden, sofern eine entsprechende Vereinbarung zwischen den Beteiligten getroffen wurde.
Critères de vérification de la conformité d'un lot de bois scié
Le présent document définit les plans d’échantillonnage et les procédures pour le contrôle par attributs (propriétés mesurables) de lots de bois sciés montrant une distribution homogène des caractéristiques. Il précise aussi les descriptions de contrôle et les conditions de conformité ou non-conformité d’un lot par rapport à une spécification donnée.
Le présent document s’applique à tous bois sciés devant satisfaire à des spécifications définies dans un contrat de vente.
Il ne permet pas de juger la dispersion des différentes qualités dans un choix ou entre les différents choix objet du contrat.
A.1 En cas de litige, un échantillonnage n’est pas valable s’il a été effectué uniquement par le client ou le fournisseur car on ne peut pas toujours vérifier qu’il n’a pas fait l’objet de manipulations. Par ailleurs, les parties sont libres d’élargir l’échantillonnage ou d’utiliser une autre méthode à condition qu’il y ait accord entre les intéressés.
Merila za ugotavljanje skladnosti partije žaganega lesa
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 29-Jan-2008
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 175 - Round and sawn timber
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 175/WG 2 - Sawn timber
- Current Stage
- 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 20-May-2025
- Completion Date
- 23-Sep-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 22-Dec-2008
Overview
CEN/TS 12169:2008 - "Criteria for the assessment of conformity of a lot of sawn timber" - defines statistically based sampling plans and inspection procedures for assessing conformity of sawn timber lots. Intended for lots with a homogenous distribution of characteristics, the Technical Specification establishes how to inspect by attributes (conforming / non‑conforming pieces), how to apply Acceptable Quality Levels (AQL), and how to decide whether a lot meets contractual specification or should be rejected.
Keywords: CEN/TS 12169:2008, sawn timber, sampling plans, conformity assessment, AQL, inspection by attributes, lot inspection, ISO 2859-1.
Key Topics
- Scope and applicability
- Applies to any sawn timber product claimed to meet sales-contract specifications.
- Does not cover variability of qualities within or between grades.
- Statistical basis
- Uses sampling procedures indexed by AQL as defined in ISO 2859-1.
- If AQL is not specified in contract, AQL 10 applies by default.
- Sampling rules
- Minimum number of packages to open is specified (Table 1); samples must be randomly selected so neither party can bias selection.
- The first test piece in each opened package is selected at random in the top layer; subsequent selection follows a defined scanning frequency (layers scanned left-to-right).
- Optionally, top layer may be excluded by mutual agreement when it’s protective packaging.
- Inspection procedures
- Single sampling: fixed sample sizes and maximum allowed non‑conforming pieces (see Table 2).
- Double sampling: initial smaller sample and, if results fall in an “uncertain” zone, a second sample is taken; combined results determine conformity (see Table 3). Double sampling can reduce total inspections for most lots.
- Decision rules
- Conformity is decided by comparing the number of non‑conforming pieces to table limits (A = acceptance limit; R = rejection limit).
- Sampling performed solely by one party is not valid in disputes due to possible manipulation.
Applications
- Practical for timber producers, buyers, merchants, quality managers, inspection bodies, and contract administrators who need objective lot acceptance/rejection criteria.
- Useful at shipping, receiving, customs inspection, and dispute resolution where contract compliance must be demonstrated.
- Helps optimize inspection effort (single vs double sampling) while maintaining statistical confidence in lot decisions.
Related standards
- Normative reference: ISO 2859-1 (Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes).
- Supersedes ENV 12169:2000 and was prepared by CEN/TC 175 (Round and sawn timber).
Use CEN/TS 12169:2008 to implement consistent, statistically founded lot inspection processes for sawn timber and to reduce disagreements by relying on agreed sampling and decision rules.
Frequently Asked Questions
CEN/TS 12169:2008 is a technical specification published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Criteria for the assessment of conformity of a lot of sawn timber". This standard covers: This document defines the sampling plans and procedures for inspection by attributes (measurable properties) of sawn timber lots exhibiting a homogenous distribution of characteristics. It also gives control regulations and conditions for conformity or non conformity of a lot in view of the agreed specification. This document applies to any sawn timber products claimed to comply with specifications defined in the sales contract. It does not cover the spread of different qualities within a grade or between the contracted grades. In case of a dispute, a sampling carried out only by customer or supplier is not valid as it cannot be guaranteed to be free from manipulation. Furthermore parties are free to enlarge the sampling or make use of another method provided an agreement is made between the interested parties.
This document defines the sampling plans and procedures for inspection by attributes (measurable properties) of sawn timber lots exhibiting a homogenous distribution of characteristics. It also gives control regulations and conditions for conformity or non conformity of a lot in view of the agreed specification. This document applies to any sawn timber products claimed to comply with specifications defined in the sales contract. It does not cover the spread of different qualities within a grade or between the contracted grades. In case of a dispute, a sampling carried out only by customer or supplier is not valid as it cannot be guaranteed to be free from manipulation. Furthermore parties are free to enlarge the sampling or make use of another method provided an agreement is made between the interested parties.
CEN/TS 12169:2008 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
CEN/TS 12169:2008 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ENV 12169:2000. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase CEN/TS 12169:2008 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2008
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ENV 12169:2003
Merila za ugotavljanje skladnosti partije žaganega lesa
Criteria for the assessment of conformity of a lot of sawn timber
Kriterien zur Konformitätsprüfung eines Loses SchnittholzKriterien
Critere de vérification de la conformité d'un lot de bois scié
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 12169:2008
ICS:
79.040 Les, hlodovina in žagan les Wood, sawlogs and sawn
timber
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 12169
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
January 2008
ICS 79.040 Supersedes ENV 12169:2000
English Version
Criteria for the assessment of conformity of a lot of sawn timber
Critères de vérification de la conformité d'un lot de bois scié Kriterien zur Konformitätsprüfung eines Loses Schnittholz
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 22 October 2007 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 12169:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references.5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Conformity control.6
4.1 Objective.6
4.2 Principle.6
4.3 Applicable AQL.6
4.4 Type of inspection .6
5 Sampling.6
5.1 Sampling rules.6
5.2 Single procedure.7
5.2.1 Single sampling.7
5.2.2 Double sampling.9
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 12169:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 175 “Round and
sawn timber”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes ENV 12169:2000.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to define an inspection system for a lot of sawn timber. This document uses
statistical sampling plans found in ISO 2859-1.
1 Scope
This document defines the sampling plans and procedures for inspection by attributes (measurable properties)
of sawn timber lots exhibiting a homogenous distribution of characteristics. It also gives control regulations
and conditions for conformity or non conformity of a lot in view of the agreed specification.
This document applies to any sawn timber products claimed to comply with specifications defined in the sales
contract.
It does not cover the spread of different qualities within a grade or between the contracted grades.
In case of a dispute, a sampling carried out only by customer or supplier is not valid as it cannot be
guaranteed to be free from manipulation. Furthermore parties are free to enlarge the sampling or make use
of another method provided an agreement is made between the interested parties.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 1: Sampling plans indexed by acceptable
quality level (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
lot of sawn timber
a number of sawn timber pieces of the same thickness and width and the same quality grade
NOTE A lot of sawn timber can be, for example:
package of sawn timber,
truckload, a wagon load or shipload of sawn timber,
pile of sawn timber,
kiln load.
3.2
acceptable Quality Level (AQL)
the maximum percentage of non-conforming pieces of sawn timber that can be considered satisfactory as a
process average
3.3
non-conforming piece
a piece which fails to meet the quality requirements
3.4
package
a part of a homogeneous lot
4 Conformity control
4.1 Objective
The objective of the inspection is to determine with a high probability whether the lot does not conform to the
specifications fixed in the contract and a complaint seems to be justified. Hence the decision is between
"conformity" and "nonconformity".
4.2 Principle
The control of the lot is carried out on the basis of attributes. The pieces making up the sample are defined as
"conforming" or "nonconforming". The decision regarding conformity or nonconformity of the lot is made on the
basis of the number of nonconforming pieces in comparison to the total number of the pieces in the sample.
In the case of simultaneous assessme
...
The CEN/TS 12169:2008 is a crucial standard that delineates the criteria for the assessment of conformity of a lot of sawn timber. Its scope is specifically tailored to define robust sampling plans and inspection procedures by attributes that apply to lots of sawn timber characterized by a homogenous distribution of characteristics. This specificity is key, as it provides clear guidelines for ensuring that the sawn timber products meet the stringent specifications outlined in sales contracts. One of the primary strengths of this standard is its focus on measurable properties, allowing for objective evaluations of compliance. The inclusion of control regulations and conditions for determining conformity or non-conformity further enhances its utility, ensuring that both buyers and sellers have a clear framework for assessing quality without ambiguity. Moreover, this standard emphasizes the importance of unbiased inspection methods, discouraging practices that might lead to conflicts of interest or manipulation during sampling, thereby reinforcing the integrity of the assessment process. The standard's relevance is underscored by its application to a broad range of sawn timber products seeking to demonstrate compliance with established specifications. It recognizes the complexities inherent in timber quality assessments, particularly by excluding the variability of qualities within a grade or between contracted grades. This focus ensures that the evaluation process remains fair and transparent for all parties involved. In the context of disputes, CEN/TS 12169:2008 mandates that any sampling conducted solely by either the customer or supplier lacks validity unless it can be demonstrated to be impartial. This provision not only protects the interests of both parties but also encourages collaborative practices in resolving any disagreements that may arise. In summary, CEN/TS 12169:2008 provides an essential framework for ensuring the quality and conformity of sawn timber products, making it a pivotal standard for stakeholders within the timber industry. Its comprehensive approach to sampling, inspection, and dispute resolution significantly contributes to maintaining high-quality standards in sawn timber trade.
CEN/TS 12169:2008は、木材の適合性評価基準に関する文書であり、製品の品質管理において重要な役割を果たしています。この標準は、均質な特性分布が見られる製材ロットのサンプリング計画と属性検査手順を定義しています。具体的には、測定可能な特性を基にした検査方法が示されており、製材の品質を確保するための基盤となります。 本標準の強みは、取引契約で定義された仕様に基づく製材製品に適用可能であり、具体的な制御規則と適合または不適合に関する条件を明確に定めている点です。このように、製材ロットの適合性を評価するための明確な手続きを提供することにより、取引の信頼性を向上させる役割を果たしています。 さらに、トラブル発生時には、顧客または供給者による単独のサンプリングは操作の影響を受ける可能性があるため無効とされ、関係者間で合意された場合には、他の方法やサンプリングの拡大が可能であることから、フレキシブルな運用が可能である点も重要です。これにより、業界全体での透明性と信頼を高めることが期待されます。 このように、CEN/TS 12169:2008の標準は、製材業界における適合性評価の基準として、品質管理プロセスにおいて極めて重要な位置を占めており、その relevance は非常に高いと評価できます。
La norme CEN/TS 12169:2008, intitulée "Critères pour l'évaluation de la conformité d'un lot de bois d'œuvre scié", constitue un outil précieux dans le domaine de l'évaluation des conformités des produits en bois. Cette norme précise le cadre et les procédures nécessaires pour effectuer des contrôles par attributs, en se concentrant sur des propriétés mesurables des lots de bois d'œuvre ayant une distribution homogène de caractéristiques. L'un des points forts de cette norme est sa capacité à définir des plans d'échantillonnage clairs et des réglementations de contrôle, ce qui permet de déterminer avec précision la conformité ou la non-conformité d'un lot par rapport aux spécifications convenues. Ce cadre méthodologique est essentiel pour toute entreprise souhaitant garantir la qualité de ses produits, en s'assurant qu'ils répondent aux exigences stipulées dans les contrats de vente. De plus, la norme garantit une certaine neutralité en cas de litiges, stipulant qu'un échantillonnage réalisé uniquement par le client ou le fournisseur n'est pas valide, réduisant ainsi le risque de manipulation des résultats. Cela renforce l'importance d'une collaboration entre les parties pour établir des conditions d'échantillonnage satisfaisantes, ce qui améliore la confiance dans le processus d'évaluation. Il est également noté que cette norme ne traite pas de la répartition des différentes qualités au sein d'un grade ou entre les grades contractés, ce qui permet de se concentrer uniquement sur la conformité des lots. Ce point de contenu renforce la pertinence de la norme pour les entreprises qui souhaitent maintenir une qualité constante et homogène dans leurs produits en bois d'œuvre. En résumé, la norme SIST-TS CEN/TS 12169:2008 se révèle être un référentiel essentiel pour assurer la conformité dans le secteur du bois d'œuvre, en offrant des procédures claires et fiables qui répondent aux besoins spécifiques d'évaluation de la conformité. Sa portée et ses forces en font un outil incontournable pour toute entreprise désireuse d'atteindre des niveaux de qualité élevés et homogènes dans la distribution de ses produits.
Die CEN/TS 12169:2008 ist ein wichtiges Dokument, das die Kriterien für die Bewertung der Konformität von Holzschnittmuster definiert. Der Geltungsbereich des Dokuments umfasst die Festlegung von Stichprobenplänen und Verfahren zur Inspektion von Holzschnittmusterchargen, die eine homogene Verteilung von Eigenschaften aufweisen. Dies ist besonders relevant für alle Holzprodukte, die den im Verkaufsvertrag definierten Spezifikationen entsprechen sollen. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der CEN/TS 12169:2008 liegt in den klaren Kontrollen und Regelungen, die für die Beurteilung der Konformität oder Nicht-Konformität einer Charge von Holzschnittmustern bereitgestellt werden. Die Festlegung von messbaren Eigenschaften trägt zur Transparenz und Klarheit bei der Qualitätsbewertung bei, was sowohl für Käufer als auch für Verkäufer von entscheidender Bedeutung ist. Die Standards, die in diesem Dokument festgelegt sind, fördern das Vertrauen zwischen den Vertragsparteien, indem sie eine objektive Basis für die Bewertung von Holzprodukten schaffen. Darüber hinaus berücksichtigt die Norm, dass im Falle von Streitigkeiten die Stichproben, die nur vom Kunden oder vom Lieferanten durchgeführt werden, nicht gültig sind, da sie manipulationsanfällig sind. Dies unterstreicht die Bedeutung einer neutralen und fairen Bewertung der Probenahme, um die Integrität des Prozesses zu gewährleisten. Die Möglichkeit, die Stichprobe zu vergrößern oder alternative Methoden zu nutzen, bietet den Parteien die Flexibilität, die für ihre spezifischen Bedürfnisse erforderlich ist, vorausgesetzt, sie erreichen eine Einigung. Die Relevanz der CEN/TS 12169:2008 für die Holzindustrie kann nicht hoch genug eingeschätzt werden, da sie eine Norm darstellt, die sowohl der Qualitätssicherung als auch der Risikominderung dient. In einem Markt, der zunehmend auf Standards Wert legt, stellt dieses Dokument sicher, dass Holzschnittprodukte bestimmten Qualitätsanforderungen entsprechen und somit einen Beitrag zur Förderung von nachhaltigeren Praktiken in der Holzindustrie leisten.
CEN/TS 12169:2008 표준은 톱질된 목재의 일관성을 평가하기 위한 기준을 정의함으로써, 생산자와 소비자 간의 명확한 이해를 도모합니다. 이 문서는 톱질된 목재가 고유한 특성을 가지며 균일하게 분포되어 있을 때 적용되는 샘플링 계획 및 특성이 측정 가능한 검사 절차를 제공하고 있습니다. 이러한 특징은 목재 제품에 대한 신뢰도를 높이며, 고객이 구매하는 제품의 품질을 보장하는 데 기여합니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 비준수 또는 준수의 조건과 규제를 상세히 명시하고 있어, 판매 계약에서 정의된 사양에 맞는 톱질된 목재 제품을 확인할 수 있도록 돕는 것입니다. 이를 통해 불일치가 발생했을 경우, 신뢰할 수 있는 평가 기준을 바탕으로 갈등을 해결할 수 있는 방법을 제공합니다. 또한, CEN/TS 12169:2008은 고객이나 공급자에 의한 통제되지 않은 샘플링이 유효하지 않다는 점을 강조하여, 독립적인 검사 기관의 중요성을 뒷받침합니다. 이 표준에 따라 이해당사자들 간의 합의가 이루어지면, 샘플링을 확대하거나 다른 방법을 사용하는 것도 가능하다는 유연성을 제공합니다. 결론적으로, CEN/TS 12169:2008 표준은 톱질된 목재의 품질을 유지하고, 고객의 요구사항을 충족하는 데 실질적인 기여를 하며, 목재 산업 내에서의 신뢰성을 높이는 데 필수적인 역할을 수행합니다. 이 표준은 목재 제품이 판매 계약에서 정한 사양을 준수하는지를 검증할 수 있는 명확한 지침을 제공함으로써, 목재 산업에 있어 중요한 참고 문서로 자리잡고 있습니다.
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