EN ISO 11272:2014
(Main)Soil quality - Determination of dry bulk density (ISO 11272:1998)
Soil quality - Determination of dry bulk density (ISO 11272:1998)
This International Standard describes three methods for the determination of dry bulk density of soils calculated from the mass and the volume of a soil sample. The methods involve drying and weighing a soil sample, the volume of which is either known (core method, see 4.1) or has to be determined (excavation method, see 4.2, and clod method, see 4.3).
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Bestimmung der Trockenrohdichte (ISO 11272:1998)
Diese Internationale Norm beschreibt drei Verfahren für die Bestimmung der Trockenrohdichte von Böden, berechnet aus der Masse und dem Volumen einer Bodenprobe. Diese drei Verfahren umfassen die Trocknung und Wägung einer Bodenprobe, deren Volumen entweder bekannt ist (Stechzylinderverfahren, siehe 4.1) oder bestimmt werden muss (Aushubverfahren, siehe 4.2, und Klumpenverfahren, siehe 4.3).
Qualité du sol - Détermination de la masse volumique apparente sèche (ISO 11272:1998)
La CEI 61300-2-7:2013 décrit une méthode destinée à déterminer l'aptitude d'un dispositif à fibres optiques à supporter des conditions environnementales dans lesquelles peut intervenir un moment de flexion en cours d'utilisation, de stockage et/ou de transport. Cet essai a pour principal objectif de permettre l'observation des effets d'un moment de flexion. Le moment de flexion peut provoquer des effets de nature à affecter de manière importante le bon fonctionnement, à provoquer une perte de résistance physique et à causer des modifications d'autres propriétés mécaniques importantes. Une dégradation des propriétés optiques peut également se produire. Le spécimen peut être un composant, un jeu de connecteurs, une épissure ou une autre combinaison de dispositifs destinée à être utilisée avec des fibres optiques. Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition parue en 1995. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
- un ré-examen complet de l'ensemble du document, y compris l'addition de nouvelles références normatives;
- la clarification du dispositif en essai (DUT);
- la clarification de la relation entre sévérités, les catégories de performance et le DUT.
Mots clés: aptitude d'un dispositif à fibres optiques à supporter des conditions environnementales dans lesquelles peut intervenir un moment de flexion
Kakovost tal - Določevanje prostorninske gostote suhih vzorcev (ISO 11272:1998)
Standard EN-ISO 11272 opisuje tri metode za določevanje prostorninske gostote suhih vzorcev, ki se izračuna iz mase in prostornine vzorca tal. Metode vključujejo sušenje in tehtanje vzorca tal, čigar prostornina je znana (metoda jedra, glej 4.1) ali pa jo je treba določiti (metoda z izkopavanjem, glej točko 4.2, ali metoda grude, glej 4.3).
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2014
.DNRYRVWWDO'RORþHYDQMHSURVWRUQLQVNHJRVWRWHVXKLKY]RUFHY ,62
Soil quality - Determination of dry bulk density (ISO 11272:1998)
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Bestimmung der Trockenrohdichte (ISO 11272:1998)
Qualité du sol - Détermination de la masse volumique apparente sèche (ISO
11272:1998)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 11272:2014
ICS:
13.080.20 Fizikalne lastnosti tal Physical properties of soils
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 11272
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2014
ICS 13.080.20
English Version
Soil quality - Determination of dry bulk density (ISO 11272:1998)
Qualité du sol - Détermination de la masse volumique Bodenbeschaffenheit - Bestimmung der Trockenrohdichte
apparente sèche (ISO 11272:1998) (ISO 11272:1998)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 March 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 11272:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
The text of ISO 11272:1998 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 11272:2014 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2014.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 11272:1998 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 11272:2014 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11272
First edition
1998-07-01
Soil quality — Determination of dry bulk
density
Qualité du sol — Détermination de la masse volumique apparente sèche
A
Reference number
ISO 11272:1998(E)
ISO 11272:1998(E)
Contents
1 Scope .1
2 Normative reference .1
3 Definition .1
4 Test procedure.1
4.4.1 Core method.1
4.4.2 Excavation method.3
4.4.3 Clod method.6
5 Test report .8
Annex A (informative) Alternative methods for determination of volume of excavated soil.9
Annex B (informative) Bibliography .10
© ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet central@iso.ch
X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Printed in Switzerland
ii
© ISO
ISO 11272:1998(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 11272 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee
SC 5, Physical methods.
Annexes A and B of this International Standard are for information only.
iii
© ISO
ISO 11272:1998(E)
Introduction
The dry bulk density is used together with the particle density (see ISO 11508) for the calculation of the solids
content and porosity of soil for the evaluation of soil structure, and conversion of concentrations of substances in
soil from mass/volume to mass/mass and vice versa.
iv
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD © ISO ISO 11272:1998(E)
Soil quality — Determination of dry bulk density
1 Scope
This International Standard describes three methods for the determination of dry bulk density of soils calculated
from the mass and the volume of a soil sample. The methods involve drying and weighing a soil sample, the volume
of which is either known (core method, see 4.1) or has to be determined (excavation method, see 4.2, and clod
method, see 4.3).
2 Normative reference
The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Inter-
national Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision,
and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of
currently valid International Standards.
1)
ISO 10381-1: – , Soil quality — Sampling — Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes.
3 Definition
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definition applies.
3.1 dry bulk density
Ratio of the oven-dry mass of the solids to the volume of the soil.
NOTE 1 The bulk volume includes the volume of the solids and of the pore space.
-3
NOTE 2 The preferred SI unit of measurement is kilograms per cubic metre (kg { m ) but grams per cubic centimetre
-3 -3 -3
(g { cm ) is also very common. Note that x g { cm = 1000 x kg { m .
4 Test procedure
4.1 Core method
4.1.1 Principle
This method is applicable to stoneless and slightly stony soils. Core samples of known volume are taken with a
metal sampling tool. The sample is dried in an oven, weighed and the dry bulk density is calculated.
1)
To be published.
© ISO
ISO 11272:1998(E)
4.1.2 Apparatus
3 3
4.1.2.1 Core sample holders, thin-walled metal cylinders with a volume of 100 cm to 400 cm , a steel cap for
driving into the soil, and a driver.
4.1.2.2 Oven, heated and ventilated, capable of maintaining a temperature of (105 ± 2) °C.
4.1.2.3 Desiccator: sealed chamber in which the air is kept dry with the aid of silica gel or other desiccant.
4.1.2.4 Laboratory balance, capable of weighing to an accuracy of 1/1000 of the measured value.
4.1.3 Sampling and drying
Press or drive a core sample holder (4.1.2.1) of known volume without deflection and compaction into either a
vertical or horizontal soil surface far enough to fill the sampler. Carefully remove the sample holder and its contents
to preserve the natural structure, and trim the soil extending beyond each end of the sample holder with a straight-
edged knife or sharp spatula. The soil sample volume is thus equal to the volume of the sample holder. Take at
least six core samples from each soil layer. Place the holders containing the samples in an oven (4.1.2.2) at 105 °C
until constant mass is reached (minimum 48 h). Remove the samples from the oven and allow them to cool in the
desiccator (4.1.2.3). Weigh the samples on the balance (4.1.2.4) immediately after removal from the desiccator (m).
t
Control mass is reached when the differences in successive weighings of the cooled sample, at intervals of 4 h, do
not exceed 0,01% of the original mass of the sample.
NOTE 1 Swell/shrink soils (especially clays, muds and peats) change their bulk density with changing water content. Such
soils should be sampled first in a moist state (i.e. field capacity); in addition they should be sampled in a wet state (water
saturation) and in a dry state (i.e. wilting point). If the dry soil is too hard to be sampled, the bulk density of the peds can be
determined according to 4.3, and the total soil volume according to 4.2.3.
NOTE 2 If bulk density (and water content) are the only parameters of interest, it is not necessary to keep the samples in
their holders when taking them back to the laboratory: after the sample has been obtained and trimmed, the soil may be
extracted from the holder, without loss, in order to be stored for transportation either in a metal box or in a heat-resistant plastic
bag.
NOTE 3 It is normally worthwhile to combine a measurement of the water content with a measurement of the bulk density; in
that case it is necessary to transport the samples without allowing loss of water by evaporation, and to begin the laboratory
operations by weighing the fresh sample.
4.1.4 Calculation
The dry bulk density is calculated using equation (1):
m
d
b
r =
s
. . . (1)
V
m = m - m
d t s
where
b
r is the bulk density, dry, in grams per cubic centimetre;
s
m is the mass, in grams, of the core sample dried at 105 °C minus the mass of the core sample
d
holder;
V is the volume, in cubic centimetres, of the sample holder;
m is the mass, in grams, of the empty sample holder;
s
m is the mass, in grams, of the sample holder together with the soil sample dried at 105 °C.
t
© ISO
ISO 11272:1998(E)
4.2 Excavation method
4.2.1 Principle
Bulk density is determined by excavating a quantity of soil, drying and weighing it, and determining the volume of
the excavation by filling it with sand. This procedure is applicable to soils containing gravel and/or stones.
4.2.2 Apparatus
4.2.2.1 Earth-digging equipment, such as a spade, with a long sharp-edged straight blade.
4.2.2.2 Sampling equipment: flat-bladed spade, knife (for hard or stony soil), pick, spade chisel, hammer.
4.2.2.3 Equipment for collecting and cleaning, such as plastic sheet, brush, heat-resistant plastic bags or
canisters.
4.2.2.4 Plastic film, thin, flexible, but stable.
4.2.2.5 Equipment for spreading sand, including funnel with a gauging rod (the falling height beneath the funnel
mouth should be 5 cm), graduated cylinder of 1 dm capacity.
4.2.2.6 Dry, graded sand of known volume, with a particle diameter of between 500 mm and 700 mm.
4.2.2.7 Balance, capable of weighing to an accuracy of 0,1 g.
4.2.2.8 Oven, heated and ventilated, capable of maintaining a temperature of (105 ± 2) °C.
...
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