EN 13445-6:2002/A2:2006
(Amendment)Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
This European Standard specifies requirements for the design, materials, manufacturing and testing of pressure vessels and pressure vessel parts intended for use with a maximum allowable pressure, PS, equal or less than 100 bar and shell wall thicknesses not exceeding 60 mm, which are constructed of ferritic or austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron. The thickness limitation of the shell does not apply to thickness of flanges, reinforcements, bosses etc.
The allowable grades do not include lamellar graphite cast iron grades for ferritic and austenitic grades, which are explicitly excluded from this European Standard because of low elongation and brittle material behaviour, which requires the use of different safety factors and a different approach.
NOTE 1 Austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron grades are principally used for high and low temperature applications and for their corrosion resistance properties.
NOTE 2 The allowable grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron are listed in Tables 3 and 4. Service conditions are given in Clause 4.
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 6: Anforderungen an die Konstruktion und Herstellung von Druckbehältern und Druckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 6: Exigences pour la conception et la fabrication des récipients sous pression et des parties sous pression moulés en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal
Neogrevane tlačne posode - 6. del: Zahteve za konstruiranje in proizvodnjo tlačnih posod in tlačnih delov posode iz nodularne litine
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 13445-
6:2002/oprA2:2005
PREDSTANDARD
marec 2005
Neogrevane tlačne posode - 6. del: Zahteve za konstruiranje in proizvodnjo
tlačnih posod in tlačnih delov posode iz sive litine s kroglastim grafitom
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of
pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
ICS 23.020.30 Referenčna številka
SIST EN 13445-6:2002/oprA2:2005(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
EN 13445-6:2002
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
prA2
January 2005
ICS
English version
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design
and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts
constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flame - Partie 6 : Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 6: Anforderungen an die
Exigences pour la conception et la fabrication des Konstruktion und Herstellung von Druckbehältern und
récipients sous pression et des parties sous pression Druckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit
moulés en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal
This draft amendment is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 54.
This draft amendment A2, if approved, will modify the European Standard EN 13445-6:2002. If this draft becomes an amendment, CEN
members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for inclusion of this amendment
into the relevant national standard without any alteration.
This draft amendment was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made
by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status
as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms, definitions, unit and symbols .4
4 Service conditions.7
5 Requirements.8
6 Material testing.14
7 Testing and final assessment.16
8 Pressure vessels constructed of a combination of parts in different materials.20
9 Marking and documentation.20
Annex A (normative) Technical data for the design calculations.21
Annex B (informative) Ductility .23
Annex C (informative) Determination of the minimum local wall thickness and maximum
allowable working pressure.24
Annex D (normative) Assessment of fatigue life.26
Annex E (normative) Design by analysis for castings.35
Annex F (informative) Recommendations for in-service validation and inspection .37
Annex G (normative) Specific design requirements.39
Annex H (normative) Experimental fatigue testing methodology .41
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or
other provisions of EU Directives.45
Bibliography .46
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54
“Unfired pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, B, C or D, which is an integral part of this
document.
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
1 Scope
Replace the Scope with the following text:
This European Standard specifies requirements for the design, materials, manufacturing and testing of
pressure vessels and pressure vessel parts intended for use with a maximum allowable pressure, PS, equal
or less than 100 bar and shell wall thicknesses not exceeding 60 mm, which are constructed of ferritic or
austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron. The thickness limitation of the shell does not apply to the thickness of
flanges, reinforcements, bosses, etc.
NOTE1 Austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron grades are principally used for high and low temperature applications
and their corrosion resistance properties.
NOTE2 The allowable grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron are listed in Tables 3 and 4Service conditions are given
in clause 4.
NOTE3 The allowable grades do not include lamellar graphite cast iron grades, which are explicitly excluded from this
standard because of low elongation and brittle material behaviour, which requires the use of different safety factors and a
different approach.
2 Normative references
Insert the following Normative reference:
EN 13835, Founding-Austenitic cast irons
3 Terms, definitions, unit and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
Replace clause 3.1.1 with the following text:
3.1.1
critical zone
highly stressed area where a fracture is expected to occur in a burst test or where surface fatigue cracks are
expected to initiate due to fluctuating pressure loads.
NOTE 1 Critical zones may occur, for example, by any of the following:
— sudden change in cross section;
— sharp edges;
— sharp radii;
— peak stresses;
— bending stresses;
— stresses due to other than membrane stress;
— changes in curvature.
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
NOTE 2 A critical zone is analysed by any appropriate method, e.g. holographic, interferometric, strain gauge methods,
burst test, fatigue testing, FEM analysis, etc.
NOTE 3 Additionally, thermal gradients and thermal stresses due to different operating wall temperatures are to be
considered in defining critical zones.
Add new clauses 3.1.8 and 3.1.9:
3.1.8
ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron
cast material, iron and carbon based (carbon being present mainly in the form of spheroidal graphite
particles ) with a predominantly ferritic matrix.
3.1.9
austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron
cast material, iron and carbon based (carbon being present mainly in the form of spheroidal graphite
particles ) with an austenitic matrix and alloyed with nickel and where appropriate, manganese, copper and/or
chromium.
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
3.3 Symbols
Insert new Table 3.3-1:
Table 3.3-1 – Symbols
Symbol Quantity Unit
C corrosion allowance Mm
E required thickness Mm
e
a analysis thickness (without corrosion allowance) Mm
e minimum thickness including corrosion allowance as Mm
min
specified on drawing
F nominal design stress Mpa or N/mm²
P
d design pressure Mpa, N/mm
maximum allowable pressure bar, MPa, N/mm
PS, P
s
RM Material strength parameter N/mm² or MPa
γ Partial safety factor dimensionless
R
E Modulus of elasticity N/mm² or MPa
Poisson’s ratio dimensionless
ν
R minimum 0,2 % - proof strength at room temperature N/mm² or MPa
p0,2
V internal volume L
TS TS Minimum / maximum allowable temperature °C
min , max
t Calculation temperature °C
C wall thickness factor dimensionless
e
C temperature factor dimensionless
t
C testing factor dimensionless
Q
e actual thickness Mm
act
P Actual burst test pressure N/mm² or MPa
b,act
n factor depending on shape of shell dimensionless
P bursting test pressure N/mm² or MPa
b
R average tensile strength of 3 test bars taken from the N/mm² or MPa
m(3)
same lot
ε extra thickness due to casting process Mm
casting tolerance Mm
δ
SF Safety factor dimensionless
f Thickness correction factor dimensionless
e
f Mean stress correction factor dimensionless
m
f Surface finnish correction factor dimensionless
s
F Temperature correction factor dimensionless
t*
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
4 Service conditions
Replace the whole of clause 4 with the following text:
4.1 Cyclic loading
Spheroidal graphite cast iron pressure vessels and vessel parts can be used for non-cyclic or cyclic operation
if the stress concentration factor is limited to 3.
NOTE: A stress concentration factor (ratio of peak stress to fatigue stress) greater than 3, determined by any of the design
methods given in clause 5.2 can be the result of inappropriate design. By enlarging radii or other small changes, an
acceptable design may be generated.
If the service conditions require more than the maximum number of full pressure cycles according to Table
4.1-1, or more than an equivalent number of cycles with smaller amplitude, then a fatigue analysis shall be
performed according to Annex D.
Table 4.1-1 — Number of full pressure cycles for cyclic loading consideration
Maximum number of full pressure cycles without
Testing factor
mandatory fatigue analysis according to Annex D
C =0,9 1000
Q
Max. stress
concentration factor 3
C =0,8
Q
Max.stress concentration
200.000
factor 2,5
NOTE 1: A testing factor of 0,9 implies the application of higher nominal design stresses and consequently results in a
lower maximum number of full pressure cycles without mandatory fatigue analysis.
NOTE 2: If the calculated number of cycles is close to an above limit to determine the need for fatigue analysis, a worst-
case model shall be implemented for this determination.
For pressure cycles at a pressure difference ∆P less than the full pressure, the number of equivalent full
i
cycles is given by equation (4.1-1):
8,6
i=N
∆P
i
n = n . for ferritic and austenitic material grades (4.1-1)
∑ i
eq
P
i=1
max
where:
N is the total number of envisaged types of pressure cycles with different amplitude.
n is the number of cycles of amplitude ∆P
i
i
is the pressure cycle amplitude
∆P
i
is the maximum permissible pressure, as defined in paragraph 3.15 of EN 13445-3
P
max
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
4.2 Limitations on temperature and energy content
The minimum and maximum allowable temperature TS shall be in accordance with the limits given in Tables
5.1-1 and 5.1-2.
The product PSxV for a single casting shall not exceed 10. 000 MPa·l (100 000 bar·l).
5 Requirements
5.1 Materials
Replace clause 5.1 with the following text:
All spheroidal graphite cast iron grades subject to internal or external pressure shall comply with EN 1563 for
ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron and EN 13835 for austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron.
For all material grades, mechanical properties shall be guaranteed by the foundry at specified locations on the
castings.
The ferritic material grades are given in Table 5.1-1 and shall be used for applications where the minimum
°
allowable temperature is higher or equal to – 10 C.
The material grades listed in Table 5.1-2 are intended for low temperature or high temperature design
conditions.
Table 5.1-1 — Allowable material grades for usual design temperatures (-10°C up to 300 °C)
Material standard Material designation Design temperature limits
°C
Symbol Number
EN-GJS-350-22 EN-JS1010 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
EN-GJS-350-22-RT EN-JS1014
-10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-350-22 U EN-JS1032
-10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-350-22U-RT EN-JS1029 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
EN 1563
EN-GJS-400-18 EN-JS1020 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
EN-GJS-400-18-RT EN-JS1024
-10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-400-18U EN-JS1062
-10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-400-18U-RT EN-JS1059 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
Mechanical properties verified on test pieces from cast - on samples. These grades should be chosen in preference to the material
grades with the separately cast samples when the unit mass of the casting is equal to or greater than 2 000 kg or when the relevant wall
thickness varies between 30 mm and 200 mm.
The material grades liste
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2007
1HRJUHYDQHWODþQHSRVRGHGHO =DKWHYH]DNRQVWUXLUDQMHLQSURL]YRGQMRWODþQLK
SRVRGLQWODþQLKGHORYSRVRGHL]QRGXODUQHOLWLQH
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of
pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 6: Anforderungen an die Konstruktion und Herstellung
von Druckbehältern und Druckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit
Récipients sous pression non soumis a la flamme - Partie 6: Exigences pour la
conception et la fabrication des récipients sous pression et des parties sous pression
moulés en fonte a graphite sphéroidal
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13445-6:2002/A2:2006
ICS:
23.020.30 7ODþQHSRVRGHSOLQVNH Pressure vessels, gas
MHNOHQNH cylinders
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2007
1HRJUHYDQHWODþQHSRVRGHGHO =DKWHYH]DNRQVWUXLUDQMHLQSURL]YRGQMRWODþQLK
SRVRGLQWODþQLKGHORYSRVRGHL]VLYHOLWLQHVNURJODVWLPJUDILWRP
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of
pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 6: Anforderungen an die Konstruktion und Herstellung
von Druckbehältern und Druckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit
Récipients sous pression non soumis a la flamme - Partie 6: Exigences pour la
conception et la fabrication des récipients sous pression et des parties sous pression
moulés en fonte a graphite sphéroidal
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13445-6:2002/A2:2006
ICS:
23.020.30 Tlacne posode, plinske Pressure vessels, gas
jeklenke cylinders
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13445-6:2002/A2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2006
ICS 23.020.30
English Version
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design
and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts
constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 6: Anforderungen an die
6: Exigences pour la conception et la fabrication des Konstruktion und Herstellung von Druckbehältern und
récipients sous pression et des parties sous pression Druckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit
moulés en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal
This amendment A2 modifies the European Standard EN 13445-6:2002; it was approved by CEN on 11 October 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for inclusion of this
amendment into the relevant national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such
national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This amendment exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13445-6:2002/A2:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword.4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms, definitions, units and symbols .5
3.1 Terms and definitions .5
3.3 Symbols .6
4 Service conditions.7
4.1 Cyclic loading.8
4.2 Limitations on temperature and energy content.8
5 Requirements.9
5.1 Materials .9
5.2 Design .11
5.3 Founding.15
6 Material testing.16
6.1 General.16
6.2 Frequency and number of tests .16
6.3 Chemical analysis.16
6.4 Graphite structure.16
6.5 Inspection documents.17
7 Testing and final assessment.17
7.1 Testing .17
7.2 Final assessment.20
8 Pressure vessels constructed of a combination of parts in different materials.21
9 Marking and documentation.21
9.1 Marking of castings .21
Annex A (normative) Technical data for the design calculations.22
A.1 Purpose.22
A.2 Technical data.22
Annex B (informative) Ductility .24
Annex C (informative) Determination of the minimum local wall thickness and maximum
allowable working pressure.25
Annex D (normative) Assessment of fatigue life.27
D.1 Purpose.27
D.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations .27
D.5 General.27
D.6 Simplified fatigue assessment .28
D.7 Detailed fatigue assessment .31
D.8 Assessment rule for total fatigue damage .35
D.9 Repairs of surface imperfections.35
Annex E (normative) Design by analysis for castings.36
E.1 Introduction.36
E.2 Special requirements to EN 13445-3:2002, Annex B.36
E.3 Additions to EN13445-3:2002, Annex C.37
E.4 Requirements.37
Annex F (informative) Recommendations for in-service validation and inspection.38
F.1 Purpose .38
F.2 Tests during operation.38
F.3 Measures to be taken when the calculated allowable fatigue lifetime has been reached .39
Annex G (normative) Specific design requirements.40
G.1 Scope.40
G.2 Design.40
Annex H (normative) Experimental cyclic pressure testing procedure.42
H.1 Purpose .42
H.2 Validity.42
H.3 Tests requirements .42
H.4 Allowable number of cycles .44
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of the EU Directive 97/23/EC.46
Bibliography.47
Foreword
This document (EN 13445-6:2002/A2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired
pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This Amendment to the European Standard EN 13445-6:2002 shall be given the status of a national standard,
either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2007, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2007.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
This document includes the text of the amendment itself. The corrected pages of EN 13445-6 will be delivered
as issue 23 of the standard.
1 Scope
Replace the Scope with the following text:
This European Standard specifies requirements for the design, materials, manufacturing and testing of
pressure vessels and pressure vessel parts intended for use with a maximum all
...
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