EN ISO 12947-2:2016

Textiles - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method - Part 2: Determination of specimen breakdown (ISO 12947-2:2016)

ISO 12947-2:2016 specifies the procedure for the determination of specimen breakdown (end-point of test) by inspection at fixed intervals and is applicable to all textile fabrics including nonwovens apart from fabrics where the specifier indicates the end performance as having a low abrasion wear life.
It is not applicable to coated fabrics (including laminated fabrics). If the abrasion behaviour of the coated surface of a coated fabric is to be determined, use the methods described in the various parts of ISO 5470.

Textilien - Bestimmung der Scheuerbeständigkeit von textilen Flächengebilden mit dem Martindale-Verfahren - Teil 2: Bestimmung der Probenzerstörung (ISO 12947-2:2016)

Dieses Dokument legt das Verfahren für die Bestimmung der Probenzerstörung (Endpunkt der Prüfung) durch Untersuchung nach festgelegten Intervallen fest, wobei dieses Verfahren auf Proben aus allen textilen Flächengebilden einschließlich Vliesstoff anwendbar ist, ausgenommen sind jedoch die textilen Flächengebilde, für die deklariert wurde, dass sie nur bei geringer Scheuerbeanspruchung eingesetzt werden.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht auf beschichtete Flächengebilde anwendbar (einschließlich laminierten Flächen). Wenn das Abriebsverhalten der beschichteten Oberfläche eines beschichteten Flächengebildes bestimmt werden soll, sind die in den verschiedenen Teilen der ISO 5470 beschriebenen Verfahren anzuwenden.

Textiles - Détermination de la résistance à l'abrasion des étoffes par la méthode Martindale - Partie 2: Détermination de la détérioration de l'éprouvette (ISO 12947-2:2016)

L'ISO 12947-2 :2016 spécifie le mode opératoire à suivre pour déterminer la détérioration d'une éprouvette (point d'arrêt d'essai) par un contrôle à intervalles fixes. Elle s'applique à toutes les étoffes de textile y compris les nontissés, à l'exception des étoffes pour lesquelles le spécificateur indique une performance finale correspondant à une faible résistance à l'abrasion.
Elle ne s'applique pas aux supports textiles revêtus (y compris les étoffes laminées). Si le comportement à l'abrasion de l'enduction d'un support textile revêtu doit être déterminé, utiliser les méthodes décrites dans les différentes parties de l'ISO 5470.

Tekstilije - Ugotavljanje odpornosti tekstilij proti drgnjenju po Martindalovi metodi - 2. del: Ugotavljanje uničenja vzorca (ISO 12947-2:2016)

Ta dokument določa postopek za ugotavljanje uničenja vzorca (končna točka preskusa) s pregledi v fiksnih intervalih in se uporablja za vse tekstilije, vključno z netkanimi materiali, razen za tkanine, pri katerih določitelj označuje končno zmogljivost z nizko življenjsko dobo drgnjenja. Ta dokument se ne uporablja za prevlečene tkanine (vključno z laminiranimi tkaninami). Če je treba določiti obnašanje drgnjenja prevlečene površine prevlečene tkanine, uporabite metode, opisane v različnih delih standarda ISO 5470.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 13-Dec-2016
• Withdrawal Date: 29-Jun-2017
• ICS: 59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 248 - Textiles and textile products
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 248 - Textiles and textile products
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 14-Dec-2016
• Completion Date: 14-Dec-2016
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 12947-2:2017 - Textiles - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method - Part 2: Determination of specimen breakdown (ISO 12947-2:2016)

Relations

• Replaces: EN ISO 12947-2:1998 - Textiles - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method - Part 2: Determination of specimen breakdown (ISO 12947-2:1998)
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Replaces: EN ISO 12947-2:1998/AC:2006 - Textiles - Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method - Part 2: Determination of specimen breakdown (ISO 12947-2:1998/Cor.1:2002)
• Effective Date: 21-Dec-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 12947-2:1999
SIST EN ISO 12947-2:1999/AC:2006
7HNVWLOLMH8JRWDYOMDQMHRGSRUQRVWLWHNVWLOLMSURWLGUJQMHQMXSR0DUWLQGDORYLPHWRGL
GHO8JRWDYOMDQMHXQLþHQMDY]RUFD,62
Textiles - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method -
Part 2: Determination of specimen breakdown (ISO 12947-2:2016)
Textilien - Bestimmung der Scheuerbeständigkeit von textilen Flächengebilden mit dem
Martindale-Verfahren - Teil 2: Bestimmung der Probenzerstörung (ISO 12947-2:2016)
Textiles - Détermination de la résistance à l'abrasion des étoffes par la méthode
Martindale - Partie 2: Détermination de la détérioration de l'éprouvette (ISO 12947-
2:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12947-2:2016
ICS:
59.080.30 Tkanine Textile fabrics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 12947-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 59.080.30 Supersedes EN ISO 12947-2:1998
English Version
Textiles - Determination of the abrasion resistance of
fabrics by the Martindale method - Part 2: Determination
of specimen breakdown (ISO 12947-2:2016)
Textiles - Détermination de la résistance à l'abrasion Textilien - Bestimmung der Scheuerbeständigkeit von
des étoffes par la méthode Martindale - Partie 2: textilen Flächengebilden mit dem Martindale-
Détermination de la détérioration de l'éprouvette (ISO Verfahren - Teil 2: Bestimmung der Probenzerstörung
12947-2:2016) (ISO 12947-2:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 November 2016.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12947-2:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 12947-2:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38
"Textiles" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products” the
secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 12947-2:1998.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 12947-2:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 12947-2:2016 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12947-2
Second edition
2016-12-01
Textiles — Determination of the
abrasion resistance of fabrics by the
Martindale method —
Part 2:
Determination of specimen
breakdown
Textiles — Détermination de la résistance à l’abrasion des étoffes par
la méthode Martindale —
Partie 2: Détermination de la détérioration de l’éprouvette
Reference number
ISO 12947-2:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
ISO 12947-2:2016(E)
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 12947-2:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Apparatus and materials. 3
6 Conditioning and testing atmosphere . 5
7 Sampling and preparation of test specimens . 5
7.1 General . 5
7.2 Selection of the laboratory sample . 5
7.3 Sampling of the test specimens from the laboratory sample . 5
7.4 Dimensions of specimens and auxiliary materials . 6
7.4.1 Dimensions of the test specimens . 6
7.4.2 Dimensions of abradant. 6
7.4.3 Dimensions of the abradant felt substrate . 6
7.4.4 Dimensions of the specimen holder foam backing . 6
7.5 Specimen preparation for specific fabrics . 6
7.5.1 Stretch fabrics. 6
7.5.2 Pile fabrics exceeding 500 g/m² . 7
7.6 Preparation and mounting of the test specimens and cutting-out and mounting of
the auxiliary materials. 8
7.6.1 Preparation . 8
7.6.2 Mounting of the specimen . 8
7.6.3 Mounting of the abradant . 8
7.7 Useful life of auxiliary materials . 9
7.8 Preparation of the abrasion machine . 9
8 Abrasion test procedure: Determination of the physical end-point .9
9 Results .11
10 Test report .11
Annex A (informative) Topics for further investigations .13
Bibliography .15
ISO 12947-2:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 38, Textiles, Subcommittee SC 24, Conditioning
atmospheres and physical tests for textile fabrics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12947-2:1998), which has been technically
revised.
It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 12947-2:1998/Cor 1:2002.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12947 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12947-2:2016(E)
Textiles — Determination of the abrasion resistance of
fabrics by the Martindale method —
Part 2:
Determination of specimen breakdown
1 Scope
This document specifies the procedure for the determination of specimen breakdown (end-point of
test) by inspection at fixed intervals and is applicable to all textile fabrics including nonwovens apart
from fabrics where the specifier indicates the end performance as having a low abrasion wear life.
This document is not applicable to coated fabrics (including laminated fabrics). If the abrasion behaviour
of the coated surface of a coated fabric is to be determined, use the methods described in the various
parts of ISO 5470.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 105-A02, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colour
ISO 139, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 12947-1:1998, Textiles — Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale
method — Part 1: Martindale abrasion testing apparatus
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12947-1, ISO 3572, ISO 8388,
ISO 9092, ISO 23733 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
thread
textile yarn, either single or resulting from twisting together two or more single or folded yarns
3.2
woven fabric
fabric produced by interlacing (by weaving on a loom or a weaving machine) a set of warp threads and
a set of weft threads normally at right angles to each other
[SOURCE: ISO 3572:1976, 2.1]
ISO 12947-2:2016(E)
3.3
knitted fabric
fabric in which at least one system of threads (3.1) is formed into knitted loops and the knitted loops are
intermeshed into stitches
[SOURCE: ISO 8388:1998, 3.0.1]
3.4
cut pile fabric
fabric for which a surface effect is formed by tufts or cut loops of threads (3.1) that stand up from the
ground fabric
Note 1 to entry: Corduroy fabric (cord fabric) is an example of cut pile fabric.
3.5
uncut pile fabric
fabric for which a surface effect is formed by uncut loops of threads (3.1) that stand up from the
ground fabric
3.6
raised fabric
fabric for which a surface effect is formed by mechanically raising fibres from threads (3.1) of the
ground fabric
3.7
flocked fabric
fabric for which a surface effect is formed by fixing fibre snippets (flock) onto the surface of a textile
substrate
3.8
chenille yarn
novelty yarn with pile protruding radially from the axis, where the pile fibres are held between a core
yarn system
[SOURCE: ISO 23733:2007, 3.1]
3.9
nonwoven fabric
structures of textile materials, such as fibres, continuous filaments, or chopped yarns of any nature or
origin, that have been formed into webs by any means, and bonded together by any means, excluding
the interlacing of yarns as in woven fabric (3.2), knitted fabric (3.3), laces, braided fabric or tufted fabric
[SOURCE: ISO 9092:2011, 2.1, modified.]
3.10
specimen breakdown
breakdown point which is reached when criteria based on thread breakage or worn off area (3.11) are met
3.11
worn off area
area which has been denuded of pile or flock such that the ground fabric is exposed
3.11.1
fully worn off area
worn off area (3.11) extending to more than three quarters of the exposed surface area
3.11.2
partially worn off area
worn off area (3.11) in which there is some visual loss of pile or flock in discrete locations
Note 1 to entry: A partially worn off area is such that when viewed through the template (5.2), no pile is visible
and the ground fabric is exposed.
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 12947-2:2016(E)
4 Principle
A circular specimen, mounted in a specimen holder and subjected to a defined load, is rubbed against
an abrasive medium (standard fabric) in a translational movement tracing a Lissajous figure, the
specimen holder being additionally freely rotatable around its own axis perpendicular to the plane of
the specimen. The evaluation of the abrasion resistance of the textile fabric is determined from the
inspection interval to breakdown of the specimens.
The specimens are mounted in specimen holders with foam backing. Specimens with a mass per unit
area ≥500 g/m are mounted in specimen holders without foam. Pile fabrics which are tested without
foam backing are subjected to a specified preparatory treatment (see 7.5.2).
Two abrasion load parameters are specified. The total effective mass of the abrasion load (i.e. the mass
of the specimen holder assembly and the appropriate loading piece) are as follows:
a) (795 ± 7) g for fabrics intended for workwear, upholstery, bed linen and fabrics for technical use
(i.e. a nominal pressure of 12 kPa);
b) (595 ± 7) g for fabrics intended for apparel and household textiles, excluding upholstery and bed
linen (i.e. a nominal pressure of 9 kPa).
Abrasion testing is continued up to breakdown (see Clause 8) of the test specimen.
The inspection interval is determined by the specimen breakdown. The number of rubs is recorded
at which specimen breakdown is not yet observed (this number of rubs is the upper limit of the time
elapsed before specimen breakdown and, at the same time, the lower limit of the abrasion interval at
which specimen breakdown occurs).
5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Test apparatus and auxiliary materials, as specified in ISO 12947-1.
5.2 Template.
A mask made of a rigid transparent material with a hole of diameter (2,5 ± 0,1) mm through which the
test specimen can be viewed (to get an approximate viewing area of 4,9 mm²).
5.3 Magnifying device.
A magnifying device (in most of the cases, a magnification factor of 8 or 10 has been found suitable)
shall be used in order to recognize completely broken threads, including threads forming loops.
ISO 12947-2:2016(E)
5.4 Mounting device for stretch fabrics.
A device, as described in Figure 1, designed to prevent the circular adhesion area loosening when
preparing test specimen of fabric; fabric suspected to be deformed during the abrasion stage due to its
stretchability.
The square table mount shall measure (45,0 ± 0,1) mm × (45,0 ± 0,1) mm.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 table mount
2 clamp
3 mass (weight) piece
4 lowering console
Figure 1 — Mounting device for stretch fabrics
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 12947-2:2016(E)
6 Conditioning and testing atmosphere
The preferred standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing shall be the standard atmosphere as
defined in ISO 139.
The use of alternative standard atmospheres as specified in ISO 139 may be used but their use shall be
stated on the test report.
NOTE Only test results obtained from tests performed in an equal testing atmosphere can be compared.
7 Sampling and preparation of test specimens
7.1 General
The sample shall be representative for the structure and patterns of the fabric.
Ensure throughout sampling and specimen preparation that handling imposes the minimum possible
tensile stress so as to prevent incorrect extension of the textile fabric.
7.2 Selection of the laboratory sample
Select the laboratory sample from a test lot to be representative of properties of the textile fabric.
If possible, select the laboratory sample from across the full fabric width, containing at least two full
pattern repeats.
The upper-side (also known as wear-side or face-side) of the fabric should be indicated.
7.3 Sampling of the test specimens from the laboratory sample
Either condition the whole sample or remove smaller samples sufficient to permit the required test
specimens to be taken and condition the test samples in the standard atmosphere (according to
Clause 6) for at least 18 h prior to test.
NOTE 1 The duration of 18 h has been found suitable for most of the fabrics to bring them in to equilibrium
with the atmosphere.
If, in some cases (e.g. when the sample is received wetted), an additional time of conditioning is needed,
this shall be reported.
Take at least three test specimens ensuring that the principles set out below have been followed.
In case of patterned fabric, take at least two specimens representing each different area of the design
and/or texture in the fabric.
Test specimens should be taken so that they are at least 100 mm from the edge of the laboratory sample,
or, if the laboratory sample is received full width, at least 150 mm from the selvedge.
The following principles shall be observed.
a) For all fabrics, except patterned fabrics or fabrics with a textured surface:
1) for woven fabrics, take the test specimens so that they each contain different warp and weft
threads;
2) for knitted fabrics, take the test specimens so that they each contain different wales and
courses.
b) For patterned fabrics or fabrics with textured surface, ensure that the test specimens co
...