EN ISO 14851:2019

Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer (ISO 14851:2019)

This document specifies a method, by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer, for the determination of the degree of aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials, including those containing formulation additives. The test material is exposed in an aqueous medium under laboratory conditions to an inoculum from activated sludge.
If an unadapted activated sludge is used as the inoculum, the test simulates the biodegradation processes which occur in a natural aqueous environment; if a mixed or pre-exposed inoculum is used, the method is used to investigate the potential biodegradability of a test material.
The conditions used in this document do not necessarily correspond to the optimum conditions allowing maximum biodegradation to occur, but this document is designed to determine the potential biodegradability of plastic materials or give an indication of their biodegradability in natural environments.
The method enables the assessment of the biodegradability to be improved by calculating a carbon balance (optional, see Annex E).
The method applies to the following materials.
—          Natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or mixtures thereof.
—          Plastic materials which contain additives such as plasticizers, colorants or other compounds.
—          Water-soluble polymers.
—          Materials which, under the test conditions, do not inhibit the microorganisms present in the inoculum. Inhibitory effects can be determined using an inhibition control or by another appropriate method (see, for example, ISO 8192[2]). If the test material is inhibitory to the inoculum, a lower test concentration, another inoculum or a pre-exposed inoculum can be used.

Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien in einem wässrigen Medium - Verfahren mittels Messung des Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem geschlossenen Respirometer (ISO 14851:2019)

Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren fest, mit dem durch Messung des Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem geschlossenen Respirometer der Grad der aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoffen, einschließlich solcher Kunststoffe, die Formulierungs Additive enthalten, bestimmt werden kann. Die Prüfsubstanz wird in einem wässrigen Medium unter Laborbedingungen einem Inokulum aus Belebtschlamm ausgesetzt.
Wird ein nicht adaptierter Belebtschlamm als Inokulum verwendet, werden durch die Prüfung die Bioabbauprozesse simuliert, die in einer natürlichen wässrigen Umgebung auftreten; wird ein gemischtes oder voradaptiertes Inokulum verwendet, dient das Verfahren dazu, die potentielle Bioabbaubarkeit einer Prüfsubstanz zu untersuchen.
Die in diesem Dokument angewendeten Bedingungen entsprechen nicht notwendigerweise den optimalen Bedingungen, die das Auftreten eines maximalen Bioabbaus zulassen, sondern dieses Dokument ist für die Bestimmung der potentiellen Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoffen ausgelegt oder dafür vorgesehen, Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich deren Bioabbaubarkeit in natürlichen Umgebungen zu liefern.
Das Verfahren ermöglicht durch die Berechnung einer Kohlenstoffbilanz (wahlweise, siehe Anhang E) die Verbesserung der Beurteilung der Bioabbaubarkeit.
Das Verfahren ist auf folgende Substanzen anwendbar:
   natürliche und/oder synthetische Polymere, Copolymere oder Gemische aus diesen;
   Kunststoffe, die Additive, wie z. B. Weichmacher, Farbstoffe oder andere Verbindungen, enthalten;
   wasserlösliche Polymere;
   Substanzen, die unter den Prüfbedingungen die im Inokulum vorhandenen Mikroorganismen nicht inhibieren. Inhibierungswirkungen können durch eine Inhibierungskontrolle oder ein anderes geeignetes Verfahren bestimmt werden (siehe zum Beispiel ISO 8192 [2]). Wirkt die Prüfsubstanz inhibierend auf das Inokulum, kann eine geringere Prüfkonzentration, ein anderes oder ein voradaptiertes Inokulum verwendet werden.

Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux plastiques en milieu aqueux - Méthode par détermination de la demande en oxygène dans un respiromètre fermé (ISO 14851:2019)

Le présent document spécifié une méthode d'évaluation du taux de biodégradation aérobie des matériaux plastiques, y compris ceux contenant des additifs, par la détermination de la demande d'oxygène dans un respiromètre fermé. Le matériau d'essai en milieu aqueux est exposé dans des conditions de laboratoire à un inoculum provenant de boues activées.
La méthode simule les processus de biodégradation d'un environnement aquatique naturel si l'on utilise, par exemple, des boues activées non adaptées; si on utilise un inoculum mélangé ou pré-exposé, la méthode permet d'étudier la biodégradabilité potentielle du matériau d'essai.
Les conditions utilisées dans le présent document ne correspondent pas nécessairement aux conditions optimales  permettant d'obtenir le taux maximal de biodégradation; cependant, le présent document est conçu pour déterminer la biodégradabilité potentielle ou pour donner une indication de la biodégradabilité des matériaux plastiques dans le milieu naturel.
La méthode permet d'affiner l'évaluation de la biodégradabilité par le calcul d'un bilan de carbone (facultatif, voir l'Annexe E).
La présente méthode s'applique aux matériaux suivants:
—          polymères naturels et/ou synthétiques, copolymères ou mélanges de ceux-ci;
—          matériaux plastiques contenant des additifs tels que plastifiants, colorants ou tout autre composé;
—          polymères hydrosolubles;
—          matériaux n'ayant pas d'effet inhibiteur dans les conditions d'essai sur les micro-organismes présents dans l'inoculum. Les effets inhibiteurs peuvent être déterminés en utilisant un dispositif de contrôle de l'inhibition ou par toute autre méthode appropriée (voir, par exemple, l'ISO 8192[2]). Si le matériau d'essai a un effet inhibiteur vis-à-vis de l'inoculum, il est possible d'utiliser une plus faible concentration, un autre inoculum ou un inoculum pré-exposé.

Določanje končne aerobne biorazgradljivosti polimernih materialov v vodnem mediju - Metoda z merjenjem porabe kisika v zaprtem respirometru (ISO 14851:2019)

Ta dokument določa metodo za določanje stopnje aerobne biorazgradljivosti polimernih materialov, vključno s takimi, ki vsebujejo formulacijske dodatke, z merjenjem porabe kisika v zaprtem respirometru. Preskusni material je v vodnem mediju pod laboratorijskimi pogoji izpostavljen inokulumu iz aktivnega blata.
Če se kot inokulum uporabi neprilagojeno aktivno blato, preskus simulira postopke biorazgradnje, ki potekajo v naravnem vodnem okolju; če se uporabi mešan ali predhodno izpostavljen inokulum, se metoda uporabi za preiskavo potencialne biorazgradljivosti preskusnega materiala.
Pogoji, uporabljeni v tem dokumentu, niso nujno enaki optimalnim pogojem, pri katerih pride do največje stopnje biorazgradnje, vendar je ta dokument zasnovan za merjenje potencialne biorazgradljivosti polimernih materialov in podaja oceno njihove biorazgradljivosti v naravnih okoljih.
Metoda omogoča izboljšanje ocene biorazgradljivosti z izračunom ravnovesja ogljika (izbirno, glej dodatek E).
Metoda se uporablja za naslednje materiale:
– naravne in/ali sintetične polimere, kopolimere ali njihove mešanice;
– polimerne materiale, ki vsebujejo dodatke, kot so mehčala, barvila ali druge spojine;
– polimere, topne v vodi;
– materiale, ki v preskusnih pogojih ne zavirajo delovanja mikroorganizmov, prisotnih v inokulumu. Zaviralne učinke je mogoče določiti na podlagi spremljanja zaviranja ali z drugo ustrezno metodo (glej npr. standard ISO 8192[2]). Če preskusni material zavira inokulum, se lahko uporabi manjša preskusna koncentracija, drug inokulum ali predhodno izpostavljeni inokulum.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-2019
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Oct-2019
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 249 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 249 - Plastics
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 10-Apr-2019
• Due Date: 10-Apr-2019
• Completion Date: 10-Apr-2019
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 14851:2019 - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer (ISO 14851:2019)

Relations

• Replaces: EN ISO 14851:2004 - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer (ISO 14851:1999)
• Effective Date: 17-Apr-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2019
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 14851:2004
Določanje končne aerobne biorazgradljivosti polimernih materialov v vodnem
mediju - Metoda z merjenjem porabe kisika v zaprtem respirometru (ISO
14851:2019)
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous
medium - Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer (ISO
14851:2019)
Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien in
einem wässrigen Medium - Verfahren mittels Messung des Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem
geschlossenen Respirometer (ISO 14851:2019)
Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux plastiques en milieu
aqueux - Méthode par détermination de la demande en oxygène dans un respiromètre
fermé (ISO 14851:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14851:2019
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 14851
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 14851:2004
English Version
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of
plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by
measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer
(ISO 14851:2019)
Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben
matériaux plastiques en milieu aqueux - Méthode par Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien in einem
détermination de la demande en oxygène dans un wässrigen Medium - Verfahren mittels Messung des
respiromètre fermé (ISO 14851:2019) Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem geschlossenen
Respirometer (ISO 14851:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 March 2019.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14851:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 14851:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 "Plastics"
in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by
NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2019, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 14851:2004.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14851:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14851:2019 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14851
Second edition
2019-03
Determination of the ultimate aerobic
biodegradability of plastic materials
in an aqueous medium — Method by
measuring the oxygen demand in a
closed respirometer
Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux
plastiques en milieu aqueux — Méthode par détermination de la
demande en oxygène dans un respiromètre fermé
Reference number
ISO 14851:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
ISO 14851:2019(E)
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO 14851:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Test environment . 3
6 Reagents . 3
6.1 Distilled or deionized water . 4
6.2 Test medium . 4
6.2.1 Standard test medium . 4
6.2.2 Optimized test medium . . 4
6.3 Pyrophosphate solution . 6
6.4 Carbon dioxide absorber . 6
7 Apparatus . 6
8 Procedure. 6
8.1 Test material . 6
8.2 Reference material . 7
8.3 Preparation of the inoculum . 7
8.4 Test . 8
9 Calculation and expression of results . 9
9.1 Calculation . 9
9.2 Expression and interpretation of results .10
10 Validity of results .10
11 Test report .11
Annex A (informative) Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD).12
Annex B (informative) Correction of BOD values for interference by nitrification .13
Annex C (informative) Principle of a closed manometric respirometer .15
Annex D (informative) Two-phase closed-bottle version of the respirometric test.17
Annex E (informative) Example of the determination of a carbon balance .20
Annex F (informative) Example of a determination of the amount of water-insoluble
polymer remaining at the end of a biodegradation test and the molecular mass of
the polymer .22
Annex G (informative) Example of the determination of the CO absorbed in the absorbent .23
Bibliography .25
ISO 14851:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/pate
...