EN 474-1:2006+A6:2019

Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements

This European Standard specifies the general safety requirements for earth-moving machinery ) described in EN ISO 6165:2006, except rollers and horizontal directional drill.
NOTE 1   Rollers are covered by EN 500.
NOTE 2   Horizontal directional drills are covered by EN 791.
This European Standard also applies to derivative machinery (see 3.1.2) designed primarily for use with equipment to loosen, pick-up, move, transport, distribute and grade earth and rock.
This European Standard gives the common safety requirements for earth-moving machinery families and is intended to be used in conjunction with one of the EN 474 parts 2 to 12. These machine specific parts EN 474-2 to -12 do not repeat the requirements from EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009, but add or replace the requirements for the family in question.
NOTE 3   The requirements specified in this part of the standard are common to two or more families of earth- moving machinery.
This part gives specific requirements for demolition machinery.
Specific requirements in EN 474 parts 2 to 12 take precedence over the respective requirements of EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009.
For multipurpose machinery the parts of the standard that cover the specific functions and applications have to be used e.g. a compact loader also used as a trencher shall use the relevant requirements of EN 474 parts 1, 3 and 10.
The standard also covers general requirements for attachments intended to be used with earth moving machine families covered in the scope.
Except for part 12 this European Standard does not deal with the electrical hazards related to the main circuits and drives of machinery when the principal source of energy is electrical.
This European Standard does not deal with towing of trailers.
This European Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to earth-moving machinery, when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events during commissioning, operation and maintenance of earth-moving machinery.
This European Standard is not applicable to earth moving machines, which are manufactured before the date of publication of this European Standard by CEN.

Erdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen

Diese Europäische Norm& legt allgemeine sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen für
Erdbaumaschinen1) fest, die in EN ISO 6165:2006 beschrieben sind, ausgenommen hiervon sind Walzen und
Horizontalbohrmaschinen.
ANMERKUNG 1 Walzen werden in EN 500 behandelt.
ANMERKUNG 2 Horizontalbohrmaschinen werden in EN 791 behandelt.
%Diese Europäische Norm& gilt auch für artverwandte Maschinen (siehe 3.1.2), die vorrangig für die
Verwendung mit Arbeitseinrichtungen zum Lösen, Aufnehmen, Bewegen, Transportieren, Verteilen und
Planieren von Erdreich und Gestein vorgesehen sind.
%Diese Europäische Norm& beschreibt gemeinsame Sicherheitsanforderungen für Erdbaumaschinen
und ist dazu vorgesehen, zusammen mit einem der Teile von EN 474, Teil 2 bis Teil 12, angewendet zu
werden. Diese maschinenspezifischen Teile (EN 474-2 bis EN 474-12) wiederholen nicht die Anforderungen
von !EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009", sondern ergänzen bzw. ersetzen Anforderungen für die jeweilige
Maschinenart.
ANMERKUNG 3 Die Anforderungen, die in diesem Teil der Normenreihe beschrieben sind, treffen auf zwei oder
mehr Arten von Erdbaumaschinen zu.
'Dieser Teil enthält spezifische Anforderungen für Abrissmaschinen.(
Die spezifischen Anforderungen von EN 474, Teil 2 bis Teil 12, haben Vorrang vor den entsprechenden Anforderungen
in!EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009".
Für Mehrzweckmaschinen sind die Teile der Normenreihe anzuwenden, die die spezifischen Funktionen und
Einsatzarten behandeln. Für einen Kompaktlader, der z. B. auch als Grabenfräse eingesetzt wird, sind die
zutreffenden Anforderungen von EN 474-1, EN 474-3 und EN 474-10 zu berücksichtigen.
Die Norm enthält auch allgemeine Anforderungen für Arbeitsausrüstungen, die dazu bestimmt sind, in
Verbindung mit den im Anwendungsbereich beschriebenen Erdbaumaschinen eingesetzt zu werden.
Elektrische Gefährdungen, die durch den Hauptstromkreis und den Antrieb hervorgerufen werden, !
werden, außer in Teil 12, in dieser Europäischen Norm nicht behandelt", wenn die Primär-Energiequelle
Elektrizität ist.
!Diese Europäische Norm behandelt nicht das Ziehen von Anhängern."
Diese Europäische Norm behandelt alle signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen und
Gefährdungsereignisse, die auf Erdbaumaschinen zutreffen, wenn sie bestimmungsgemäß verwendet
werden. Die nach vernünftigem Ermessen für den Hersteller vorhersehbare Nutzung der Maschine
außerhalb der bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung ist ebenfalls berücksichtigt (siehe Abschnitt 4). Die
entsprechenden Maßnahmen, um die Risiken, die von den signifikanten Gefährdungen,
Gefährdungssituationen und Gefährdungsereignissen während der Inbetriebnahme, des Betriebs und der
Instandhaltung der Erdbaumaschine ausgehen, zu verhindern oder zu minimieren, sind in dieser
Europäischen Norm beschrieben.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für Erdbaumaschinen, die vor Veröffentlichung dieser Europäischen Norm
durch CEN hergestellt wurden.

Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 1: Prescriptions générales

La présente Norme européenne spécifie les prescriptions générales de sécurité applicables aux engins de terrassement 1) définis par l’EN ISO 6165:2006, à l'exception des compacteurs.
NOTE 1   L’EN 500 traite des compacteurs.
NOTE 2   Les appareils de forage dirigé sont couverts par l’EN 791.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aussi aux machines dérivées (voir 3.1.2) conçues principalement pour être utilisées avec un équipement de travail permettant de désagréger, prendre, déplacer, transporter et répandre des matériaux ou de niveler des matériaux ou de la roche.
La présente Norme européenne donne les prescriptions de sécurité communes applicables à tous les types d'engins de terrassement et doit être utilisée conjointement avec l’une des parties 2 à 12 de l’EN 474. Ces parties (EN 474-2 à -12) qui sont spécifiques aux différentes machines ne répètent pas les prescriptions de l’EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009, mais en ajoutent ou en remplacent certaines applicables à l’engin correspondant.
NOTE 3   Les prescriptions de sécurité communes spécifiées dans la présente partie de la norme concernent plus de deux familles d'engins de terrassement.
La présente partie donne des prescriptions spécifiques pour les machines de démolition.
Les prescriptions spécifiques des EN 474 parties 2 à 12 prennent le pas sur les prescriptions correspondantes de l’EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009.
Pour les engins de terrassement polyvalents, les parties de la norme qui traitent des fonctions et configurations spécifiques doivent être utilisées, par exemple une mini-chargeuse également utilisée comme trancheuse doit utiliser les prescriptions pertinentes des parties EN 474-1, -3 et -10.
La norme traite également des prescriptions générales relatives aux accessoires destinés à être utilisés avec des familles d’engins de terrassement citées dans le domaine d’application.
À l'exception de la partie 12, la présente Norme européenne ne traite pas des risques électriques liés aux circuits principaux de puissance et de commande des machines lorsque la principale source d’énergie est électrique.
La présente Norme européenne ne traite pas des remorques attelées à un véhicule.
La présente Norme européenne traite de tous les phénomènes, situations et événements dangereux significatifs relatifs aux engins de terrassement lorsqu'ils sont utilisés comme prévu ou dans des conditions de mauvais usage que le fabricant peut raisonnablement prévoir (voir Article 4). La présente Norme européenne prescrit les mesures techniques appropriées pour éliminer ou réduire les risques dus aux phénomènes, situations et événements dangereux significatifs survenant lors de la mise en service, du fonctionnement et de la maintenance des engins de terrassement.
La présente Norme européenne n’est pas applicable aux engins de terrassement fabriqués avant la date de publication de la présente Norme européenne par le CEN.

Stroji za zemeljska dela - Varnost - 1. del: Splošne zahteve

Ta evropski standard določa splošne varnostne zahteve za stroje za zemeljska dela, opisane v standardu EN ISO 6165:2006, razen valjarjev in opreme za horizontalno usmerjeno vrtanje.
OPOMBA 1: Valjarji so obravnavani v standardu EN 500.
OPOMBA 2: Oprema za horizontalno usmerjeno vrtanje je obravnavana v standardu EN 791.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja tudi za sorodne stroje (glej točko 3.1.2), zasnovane zlasti za uporabo z opremo za rahljanje, pobiranje, premikanje, razvrščanje in ravnanje zemlje in skal.
Ta evropski standard določa splošne varnostne zahteve za različne vrste strojev za zemeljska dela in je predviden za uporabo skupaj z enim od delov od 2 do 12 standarda EN 474. Deli od 2 do 12 standarda EN 474, specifični za posamezne stroje, ne navajajo ponovno zahtev iz standarda EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009, ampak dodajajo ali nadomeščajo zahteve za posamezno vrsto strojev.
OPOMBA 3: Zahteve, določene v tem delu standarda, so skupne dvema ali več družinam strojev za zemeljska dela.
Ta del vsebuje posebne zahteve za rušilne stroje.
Posebne zahteve v delih od 2 do 12 standarda EN 474 imajo prednost pred ustreznimi zahtevami v standardu EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009.
Pri večnamenskih strojih je treba uporabiti dele standarda, ki obravnavajo posamezne funkcije in načine uporabe. Mini nakladač, ki se uporablja tudi kot rovokopač, mora na primer izpolnjevati ustrezne zahteve iz delov 1, 3 in 10 standarda EN 474.
Ta standard vključuje tudi splošne zahteve za priključke za uporabo s stroji za zemeljska dela, ki spadajo na področje uporabe tega standarda.
Ta evropski standard (razen 12. dela) ne obravnava električnih nevarnosti, povezanih z glavnimi vezji in pogoni strojev, kadar je glavni vir energije električni.
Ta evropski standard ne obravnava vleke prikolic.
Ta evropski standard opisuje vsa večja tveganja, nevarne situacije in nevarne dogodke v zvezi s stroji za zemeljska dela, kadar se ti uporabljajo v skladu z njihovim namenom in pod pogoji pričakovane nepravilne uporabe, ki jih določi proizvajalec (glej točko 4). Ta evropski standard določa ustrezne tehnične ukrepe za odpravo ali zmanjšanje večjih tveganj, nevarnih situacij in nevarnih dogodkov med začetkom obratovanja, obratovanjem ter vzdrževanjem strojev za zemeljska dela.
Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za stroje za zemeljska dela, proizvedene pred datumom izdaje tega evropskega standarda s strani odbora CEN.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 08-Oct-2019
• Withdrawal Date: 13-Apr-2025
• ICS: 53.100 - Earth-moving machinery
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 151 - Construction equipment and building material machines - Safety
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 151/WG 1 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 30-Mar-2022
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Ref Project: SIST EN 474-1:2007+A6:2019 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements

Relations

• Merged From: EN 474-1:2006+A5:2018/FprA6 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023
• Merged From: EN 474-1:2006+A5:2018 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023
• Replaced By: EN 474-1:2022 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
• Effective Date: 23-Oct-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2019
Stroji za zemeljska dela - Varnost - 1. del: Splošne zahteve
Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
Erdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 1: Prescriptions générales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 474-1:2006+A6:2019
ICS:
53.100 Stroji za zemeljska dela Earth-moving machinery
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 474-1:2006+A6
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.100 Supersedes EN 474-1:2006+A5:2018
English Version
Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General
requirements
Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 1: Erdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: Allgemeine
Prescriptions générales Anforderungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 October 2017 and includes Amendment 6 approved by CEN on 9 August
2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 474-1:2006+A6:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 List of significant hazards . 12
5 Safety requirements and/or measures . 12
6 Verification of safety requirements/measures . 30
7 Information for use . 31
Annex A (normative) List of significant hazards . 36
Annex B (normative) +Requirements for attachment and quick coupler, . 41
Annex C (informative) Requirements for no-text safety signs . 42
Annex D (normative) Requirements for elevating operator's station . 44
Annex E (normative) Requirements for lifting device(s) used for object handling application . 46
Annex F (normative) Requirements for earth-moving machinery used in underground
working in non-explosive atmosphere . 52
Annex G (normative) 'Demolition machinery . 55
Annex ZA (informative) +Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC machinery, and amending Directive
95/16/EC (recast) [2006 L157] aimed to be covered . 60
Bibliography . 65
European foreword
This document (EN 474-1:2006+A6:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 151
“Construction equipment and building material machines — Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by
DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document includes Corrigendum 1 issued by CEN on 2014-03-05, Amendment 1, approved by CEN
on 2009-01-04, Amendment 3, approved by CEN on 2013-01-06, Amendment 4, approved by CEN on
2013-08-10, Amendment 5, approved by CEN on 2017-10-01 and Amendment 6, approved by CEN on
2019-08-09.
This document supersedes +EN 474-1:2006+A5:2018,.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !"
and %& and '( and )* and +,.
The modifications of the related CEN Corrigendum have been implemented at the appropriate places in
the text and are indicated by the tags ˜™.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive.
!For relationship with EU Directive(s), see %informative Annex ZA&, which is an integral part of
this document."
EN 474 "Earth-moving machinery — Safety" comprises the following parts:
— Part 1: General requirements
— Part 2: Requirements for tractor-dozers
— Part 3: Requirements for loaders
— Part 4: Requirements for backhoe-loaders
— Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators
— Part 6: Requirements for dumpers
— Part 7: Requirements for scrapers
— Part 8: Requirements for graders
— Part 9: Requirements for pipe-layers
— Part 10: Requirements for trenchers
— Part 11: Requirements for earth and landfill compactors
— Part 12: Requirements for cable excavators
For specific machines covered by other parts of the standard, this European Standard is intended for
use in combination with relevant other parts of the series.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Introduction
This part of EN 474 is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1:2003.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this European Standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B
standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C
standard.
1 Scope
1)
This %European Standard& specifies the general safety requirements for earth-moving machinery
described in EN ISO 6165:2006, except rollers and horizontal directional drill.
NOTE 1 Rollers are covered by EN 500.
NOTE 2 Horizontal directional drills are covered by EN 791.
This %European Standard& also applies to derivative machinery (see 3.1.2) designed primarily for
use with equipment to loosen, pick-up, move, transport, distribute and grade earth and rock.
This %European Standard& gives the common safety requirements for earth-moving machinery
families and is intended to be used in conjunction with one of the EN 474 parts 2 to 12. These machine
specific parts (EN 474-2 to -12) do not repeat the requirements from !EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009",
but add or replace the requirements for the family in question.
NOTE 3 The requirements specified in this part of the standard are common to two or more families of earth-
moving machinery.
'This part gives specific requirements for demolition machinery.(
Specific requirements in EN 474 parts 2 to 12 take precedence over the respective requirements of
!EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009".
For multipurpose machinery the parts of the standard that cover the specific functions and applications
have to be used e.g. a compact loader also used as a trencher shall use the relevant requirements of EN
474 parts 1, 3 and 10.
The standard also covers general requirements for attachments intended to be used with earth moving
machine families covered in the scope.
!Except for part 12 this European Standard does not deal" with the electrical hazards related to the
main circuits and drives of machinery when the principal source of energy is electrical.
!This European Standard does not deal with towing of trailers."
This European Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to
earth-moving machinery, when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably
foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). This European Standard specifies the appropriate
technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards, hazardous
situations and events during commissioning, operation and maintenance of earth-moving machinery.
This European Standard is not applicable to earth moving machines, which are manufactured before the
date of publication of this European Standard by CEN.

1)
For travelling on public roads the national traffic regulations apply until harmonised requirements are available. (A CEN-
standard is under preparation.)
2 Normative references
%The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.&
EN 286-2:1992, Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or nitrogen — Part 2: Pressure
vessels for air braking and auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their trailers
EN 287-1:2004, Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels
'EN 356:1999, Glass in building — Security glazing — Testing and classification of resistance against
manual attack
EN 474-5:2006+A3:2013, Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic
excavators
EN 474-12:2006+A1:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 12: Requirements for cable
excavators(
!deleted text"
EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components
— Hydraulics
EN 1677-2:2000, Components for slings — Safety — Part 2: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch, Grade 8
!EN 12643:1997+A1:2008", Earth-moving machinery — Rubber-tyred machines — Steering
requirements (ISO 5010:1992, modified)
EN 13309:2000, Construction machinery — Electromagnetic compatibility of machines with internal
electrical power supply
!deleted text"
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC 60529:1989)
EN 61310-1:1995, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for
visual, auditory and tactile signals (IEC 61310-1:1995)
EN ISO 2860:1999, Earth-moving machinery — Minimum access dimensions (ISO 2860:1992)
)EN ISO 2867:2011, Earth-moving machinery — Access systems (ISO 2867:2011)*
!EN ISO 3411:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Physical dimensions of operators and minimum
operator space envelope (ISO 3411:2007)"
!EN ISO 3449:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Falling-object protective structures — Laboratory
tests and performance requirements (ISO 3449:2005)"
EN ISO 3450:1996, Earth-moving machinery — Braking systems of rubber-tyred machines — System and
performance requirements and test procedures (ISO 3450:1996)
EN ISO 3457:2003, Earth-moving machinery — Guards — Definitions and requirements (ISO 3457:2003)
!EN ISO 3471:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Roll-over protective structures — Laboratory tests
and performance requirements (ISO 3471:2008)"
'EN ISO 4414:2010, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and
their components (ISO 4414:2010)(
'EN ISO 4871:2009(, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery
and equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 5353:1998, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry —
Seat index point (ISO 5353:1995)
EN ISO 6165:2006, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — !deleted text" Identification and terms
and definitions (ISO 6165:2006)
EN ISO 6682:1995, Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls (ISO 6682:1986
including Amendment 1:1989)
EN ISO 6683:2005, Earth-moving machinery — Seat belts and seat belt anchorages — Performance
requirements and tests (ISO 6683:2005)
EN ISO 7096:2000, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration
(ISO 7096:2000)
!EN ISO 11688-1:1998, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)"
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1:
Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2:
Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)
EN ISO 13732-1:2006, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)
!EN ISO 13849-1:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1:
General principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006)"
ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination
of burning behaviour of interior materials
ISO 3864-1:2002, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for
safety signs in work places and public areas
ISO 3864-2:2004, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 2: Design principles for
product safety labels
!ISO 4250-3:2006", Earth-mover tyres and rims — Part 3: Rims
)ISO 5006:2017, Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s field of view — Test method and performance
criteria*
ISO 6011:2003, Earth-moving machinery — Visual display of machine operation
ISO 6014:1986, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of ground speed
ISO 6016:1998, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their
equipment and components
!ISO 6395:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of sound power level — Dynamic test
conditions"
!ISO 6396:2008", Earth-moving machinery — Determination of emission sound pressure level at
operator’s position — Dynamic test conditions
ISO 6405-1:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 1:
Common symbols
ISO 6405-2:1993, Earth-moving machinery — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 2:
Specific symbols for machines, equipment and accessories
ISO 6749:1984, Earth-moving machinery — Preservation and storage
ISO 8643:1997, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader boom-lowering
control device — Requirements and tests
ISO 9533:1989, Earth-moving machinery — Machine mounted forward and reverse audible warning
alarm — Sound test method
'ISO 10262:1998, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavators — Laboratory tests and
performance requirements for operator protective guards(
!ISO/DIS 10263-2:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 2: Air
filter element test method"
!ISO/DIS 10263-3:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 3:
Pressurization test method"
!ISO/DIS 10263-4:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 4:
Heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) test method and performance"
ISO 10264:1990, Earth-moving machinery — Key-locked starting systems
!ISO 10265:2008", Earth-moving machinery — Crawler machines — Performance requirements and
test procedures for braking systems
ISO 10532:1995, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-mounted retrieval device — Performance
requirements
ISO 10533:1993, Earth-moving machinery — Lift-arm support devices
ISO 10570:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Articulated frame lock — Performance requirements
ISO 10968:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s controls
ISO 11112:1995, Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s seat — Dimensions and requirements
ISO 11862:1993, Earth-moving machinery — Auxiliary starting aid electrical connector
ISO 12508:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Operator station and maintenance areas — Bluntness of
edges
ISO 12509:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and reflex-reflector
devices
+ISO 13031:2016, Earth-moving machinery — Quick couplers — Safety,
ISO 13333:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Dumper body support and operator’s cab tilt support
devices
ISO 14396:2002, Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Determination and method for the
measurement of engine power — Additional requirements for exhaust emission tests in accordance with
ISO 8178
ISO 14401-1:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Field of vision of surveillance and rear-view mirrors —
Part 1: Test methods
ISO 14401-2:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Field of vision of surveillance and rear-view mirrors —
Part 2: Performance criteria
ISO 15817:2005, Earth-moving machinery — Safety requirements for remote operator control
!ISO 15998:2008", Earth-moving machinery — Machine-control systems (MCS) using electronic
components — Performance criteria and tests for functional safety
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this %document&, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and
the following apply.
Earth-moving machinery and their families are defined in EN ISO 6165:2006.
NOTE Definitions used in EN and ISO standards referred to in this European Standard are also valid for this
document.
3.1
earth-moving machinery
self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawler or legs, having equipment and/or attachment
(working tool), primarily designed to perform excavating, loading, transporting, spreading, compacting
or trenching of earth, rock or similar materials
NOTE An earth-moving machine is normally operated by a ride-on operator but can also be remote – or
pedestrian –controlled.
3.1.1
compact machine
earth-moving machinery having an operating mass (see ISO 6016:1998) of 4 500 kg or less, or compact
excavators having an operating mass (see ISO 6016:1998) of 6 000 kg or less
3.1.2
derivative machinery
earth-moving machinery fitted with equipment and/or attachment which modifies its function
NOTE For the European Economic Area (EEA) the equipment or attachment or a piece of equipment as
defined in ISO 6016:1998 which modifies the function of the machine and is intended to be assembled by the
operator can be "interchangeable equipment" in the sense of the Machinery Directive.
3.2
attachment (working tool)
component or assembly of components, which can be mounted onto the base machine or equipment
(see ISO 6746-1:2003, ISO 6746-2:2003 and ISO 6016:1998) for a specific use
+Note 1 to entry: Attachments might be, in the meaning of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, either
interchangeable equipment or tools. The term ‘attachments’ is used in this standard to cover both.,
+3.3
quick coupler
device mounted on an earth-moving machine to allow the quick interchange of attachments
Note 1 to entry: Quick couplers are also commonly referred to under many different names, including “quick
hitch” and “attachment bracket”. For the purposes of this International Standard, only the term “quick coupler” is
used.”.
[SOURCE: ISO 13031:2016, 3.1]
Note 2 to entry: Quick couplers are generally considered to be interchangeable equipment when placed on the
market separately, whether or not installed on the machine before first use, and when it is reasonably foreseeable
that they might be installed or removed by the operator (e.g. for installation on another machine).,
3.4
object handling
application of earth-moving machinery comprising lifting, lowering and transporting of a load by use of
lifting accessories, whereby the assistance of a person or the operator of the machine is required for
hooking, unhooking or stabilising (whilst transporting) the load
NOTE 1 If the load is picked-up by a self-acting device and no assistance of a person is required for hooking,
unhooking and stabilising the load, this work is considered as usual earth-moving application.
NOTE 2 Lifting accessories are, e.g., wire ropes, chains or textile straps; loads in object handling application are,
e.g., pipes, vessels; self-acting devices are, e.g., grabs, clamshell buckets, log clamps, vacuum lifting device,
magnetic plate and fork.
3.5
maximum rated operating/lift capacity in object handling
maximum capacity which can be lifted at least in one position of the working range as specified by the
manufacturer (e.g. on the rated object handling capacity table) in the most stable configuration (e.g.
outriggers down)
NOTE The term "rated operating capacity" is defined in ISO 14397-1:2002 and used in
!EN 474-3:2006+A1:2009" and !EN 474-4:2006+A1:2009". The term "rated lift capacity" is defined in
ISO 10567:1992 and used in !EN 474-5:2006+A3:2013". Both terms are equivalent.
'3.6
demolition machine
machine based on earth moving machinery (see EN ISO 6165) and including equipment and attachment
(working tool – e.g. processor or breaker) specifically designed to demolish, cut, loosen, separate, pick
up, transport and distribute component parts of buildings, civil engineering structures
3.7
processor
attachment with tooth, teeth and/or cutting edges, used for demolition or deconstruction
3.8
hydraulic hammer or breaker
equipment which uses the hydraulic power source of the carrier machine to accelerate a piston
(sometimes gas-assisted), which then hits a tool
Note 1 to entry: The stress wave generated by kinetic action flows through the tool into the material, which
causes the material to break. Hydraulic hammers need a supply of pressurised oil to function. The complete
carrier/hammer unit is controlled by an operator, usually seated in the cabin of the carrier.
3.9
high reach equipment
multi piece rigid or telescopic equipment with the primary function of operating specialised
attachments for the demolition of structures at heights that cannot be reached by standard backhoe
equipment
3.10
base machine
machine with a cab or canopy and operator protective structures if required, without equipment or
attachments but possessing the necessary mountings for such equipment and attachments
[SOURCE: ISO 6016:2008, 3.1.1](
4 List of significant hazards
See Annex A.
NOTE Annex A (normative) contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as
they are dealt with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as common to two or more machinery
families and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General
Earth-moving machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this
European Standard, as far as not modified by requirements of the relevant specific part of the standard
series. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100-1:2003
and EN ISO 12100-2:2003 for hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt with by this
European Standard.
5.2 Access
5.2.1 General requirements
Adequate access systems shall be provided to the operator's station and areas where routine
maintenance has to be performed by the operator as described in the operator's manual. Access
)systems* shall comply with )EN ISO 2867:2011*.
Effect of mud on the means of access shall be minimised by adequate design.
5.2.2 Access to articulated machines
On machines with articulated frames and in the fully articulated steering position, a minimum clearance
of 150 mm for the lower limbs shall be provided !between firm structures and components with"
relative movement in the path of the access systems to the operator's station, as illustrated in Figure 1.
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 1 — Minimum clearance of lower limbs at access to the operator's station on machines
with articulated steering
)deleted text*
5.3 Operator's station
5.3.1 General requirements
5.3.1.1 Machinery equipment
!The driving position of ride-on drivers shall be designed and constructed in such a way that a
driver's cab may be fitted, provided this does not increase the risk and there is room for it."
Machines with an operating mass less than 1 500 kg are not required to have a cab.
Machines with an operating mass greater than or equal to 1 500 kg shall be equipped with a cab, unless
the foreseeable adverse weather conditions allow all-year operation without a cab (negotiated between
manufacturer and user).
Machines shall be equipped with a cab and a contamination protective system if the machine is
intended for use in unhealthy environments, e.g. contaminated areas (negotiated between
manufacturer and user). See 5.14.1.
If a hazard due to projection of splinters exists, e.g. operation with a hydraulic- or demolition-hammer,
an adequate protection such as bullet proof glass, mesh guard or an equivalent protection is required.
5.3.1.2 Minimum space
The minimum space available to the operator shall be as defined in !EN ISO 3411:2007" (except as
amended in 5.3.2.5).
For compact machines the minimum space envelope width (dimension 920 mm in !EN ISO
3411:2007, Figure 4") may be reduced to 650 mm.
The minimum space and location of the controls at the operator's station shall meet the requirements
specified in EN ISO 6682:1995.
5.3.1.3 Moving parts
Measures shall be taken to avoid accidental contact from the operating position with moving parts, e.g.
the wheels, or tracks or working equipment and/or attachment in accordance with relevant subclauses
of 5.14.
5.3.1.4 Engine exhaust
The engine exhaust system shall release the exhaust gas away from the operator and the air inlet of the
cab.
5.3.1.5 Instruction storage
A space intended for the safekeeping of the operator’s manual and other instructions shall be provided
near the operator's station. The space shall be lockable, unless the operator's station can be locked.
5.3.1.6 Sharp edges
The operator's space within the operator's station, e.g. ceiling, inner walls, instrument panels and access
to the operator's station shall not present any sharp edges or acute angles/corners. Radius of corners
and bluntness of edges shall comply with ISO 12508:1994 to avoid sharp edges (see also 5.14.6).
5.3.2 Operator's station equipped with a cab
5.3.2.1 Climatic conditions
The cab shall protect the operator against foreseeable adverse climatic conditions. Provisions shall be
made to install a ventilation system, an adjustable heating system and a system for defrosting windows.
For details see 5.3.2.6 to 5.3.2.8.
5.3.2.2 Pipes and hoses
Pipes and hoses located inside the cab which contain fluids that are dangerous, for example because of
their pressure (greater than 5 MPa), temperature (greater than 50°C) shall be guarded, see EN ISO
3457:2003, Clause 9.
NOTE As far as possible pipes and hoses should be placed outside the cab.
Parts or components placed between pipes or hoses and the operator, which divert e.g. a hazardous
spray of fluid, can be considered as a sufficient protection device.
5.3.2.3 Primary access opening
A primary access opening shall be provided. The dimensions shall comply with )EN ISO 2867:2011,
Table 1*.
5.3.2.4 Alternative opening (emergency exit)
An alternative opening shall be provided on a side other than that of the primary opening. The
dimensions shall comply with )EN ISO 2867:2011, Clause 5*. A window panel or another door is
acceptable if they are easy to open or remove without the use of keys or tools. Latches may be used if
they can be opened from the inside without the use of keys or tools. The break of a suitable size of glass
pane is considered equivalent to an alternative opening. In such a case the necessary pane hammer,
immediately accessible to the operator, shall be provided and stored in the cab.
When the window panel is used as an emergency exit it shall bear an appropriate marking according to
Figure 8 of EN 61310-1:1995.
5.3.2.5 Space envelope height
The minimum space envelope height R as defined in !Figure 4 of EN ISO 3411:2007" and
measured from the seat index point (SIP), as defined in EN ISO 5353:1998, shall meet the values given
in Table 1.
Table 1 — Space envelope height related to machine classification
Minimum space envelope height
Machine classification
mm from the SIP
Compact machines 920
All other machines 1 000
The minimum dimensions given in Table 1 are also required for machines having a front or rear
window which are located (in an opened position) above the operator's seat.
5.3.2.6 Heating and ventilation system
If a heating system is fitted it shall either:
a) comply with !ISO/DIS 10263-4:2007", or
b) have the capability of increasing the temperature of the air inside the cab and maintain a
temperature of + 18°C at expected ambient temperature the machine is intended for. The minimum
capacity of the heating system shall have a ∆T of 25°C (∆T of 25 K) within 30 min. The test shall run
starting with the engine at working temperature as specified by the manufacturer. Measurement of
the system capacity shall be made at three points. The three points shall be located in a vertical
plane through the SIP and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine as follows (see )Figure
2*):
1) at filament position centre-point as defined in )ISO 5006:2017*;
2) at the SIP as defined in EN ISO 5353:1998;
3) 100 mm above floor plate and 600 mm in front of SIP.
+Dimensions in millimetres,
)
Figure 2 — Location of measuring points
*
c) Alternatively, the heating capacity can be determined by calculation.
The ventilation system shall be capable of providing the cab with filtered fresh air at the minimum of 43
m /h. The filter shall be tested according to !ISO/DIS 10263-2:2007".
NOTE The filter element selection depends on the intended operating environment conditions.
5.3.2.7 Defrosting system
Machine with a cab shall provide facilities to defrost the front and rear window(s), for example by
means of a heating system or a particular defrosting device.
NOTE A testing method of windscreen defrosting system is described in !ISO/DIS 10263-5:2007".
5.3.2.8 Pressurisation system
Where a cab is provided with a pressurisation system, it shall be tested according to
!ISO/DIS 10263-3:2007" and shall provide an interior relative pressure of at least 50 Pa.
5.3.2.9 Doors and windows
Doors, windows and flaps shall be securely held in their functional positions; measures shall be taken
for preventing inadvertent opening. Doors shall be retained at their intended operating position(s) by a
positive engagement device. A primary opening designed to be held securely open as an intended
operating position, shall be releasable from the operator's station.
Windows shall be made of safety glass or other material which provides similar safety performance (see
e.g. ECE R43).
Roof windows do not need additional mechanical safeguarding.
The front and rear window(s) shall be fitted with motorised windscreen wiper(s) and washer(s). The
tank of the window washer(s) shall be easily accessible.
5.3.2.10 Inner lighting
The cab shall be fitted with a fixed inner lighting system and be able to function with the engine at a
stop, to make it possible to illuminate the operator's station and to read the operation manual in
darkness.
5.3.3 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS)
5.3.3.1 General
Earth-moving machinery shall be equipped with a roll-over protective structure (ROPS). The ROPS shall
comply with !EN ISO 3471:2008".
!deleted text"
5.3.3.2 ROPS for derivative machinery
For derivative machinery, the ROPS shall be designed taking into account the operating mass
(see ISO 6016:1998) of the derivative machinery in the heaviest configuration as specified by the
manufacturer.
5.3.4 Falling-object protective structures (FOPS)
!Earth-moving machinery above 15 kW shall be fitted with a falling-object protective structure
(FOPS), when they are intended for applications where there is a risk of falling objects.
NOTE 1 The following machines are normally not used for applications with a risk of falling objects: scrapers,
pipe-layers, trenchers and landfill compactors.
If FOPS is fitted it shall comply with EN ISO 3449:2008. For machines not covered by EN ISO 3449:2008
the corresponding protection shall be provided when they are intended for applications where there is
a risk of falling objects.
NOTE 2 For excavators, see 'EN 474-5:2006+A3:2013( and EN 474-12:2006+A1:2008."
5.3.5 Elevating operator's station
See Annex D.
5.3.6 Replacement of operator protective structure
In case any part of the protective structure (e.g. ROPS, TOPS, FOPS) is affected by a plastic deformation
and/or rupture (e.g. by roll-over, tip-over or object impact), the protective structure has to be replaced
according to manufacturer's specifications. See also 7.2.
5.4 Seats
5.4.1 Operator's seat
5.4.1.1 General requirement
Machinery with provision for a seated operator shall be fitted with an adjustable seat that supports the
operator in a position, which allows the operator to control the machine under intended operating
conditions.
5.4.1.2 Dimensions
The seat dimensions shall comply with ISO 11112:1995.
5.4.1.3 Adjustment
!All adjustments to accommodate the operator's size shall comply with ISO 11112:1995, Table 1,
except vertical adjustment (ISO 11112:1995, Table 1, h ) where a minimum value of 60 mm shall be
used. The adjustment shall be possible without the use of any tool."
For compact machines (see 3.1.1) the following seat adjustments apply:
— either the fore and aft adjustment (see ISO 11112:1995, Table 1, l ) shall be at least ± 35 mm or the
corresponding adjustment of frequently used operator's controls shall be provided;
) is not required.
— vertical adjustment (ISO 11112:1995, Table 1, h1
5.4.1.4 Vibration
The operator's seat shall meet the requirements of EN ISO 7096:2000 with regard to its ability to
reduce the vibration transmitted to the operator.
!NOTE Comparative data for vibration can be found in e.g. ISO/TR 25398."
5.4.1.5 Restraint system
Machines fitted with ROPS or TOPS (tip over protective structure) shall have an operator restraint
system that meets the requirements specified in EN ISO 6683:2005.
5.4.2 Additional seat
5.4.2.1 Instructor's seat
If an additional seat for an instructor is installed in the operator's station, it shall be padded and provide
adequate space for the instructor. The instructor shall also have available a conveniently placed
handhold.
!The instructor's seat shall fulfil the requirements of the safety structures as specified in 5.3.3 (ROPS)
and 5.3.4 (FOPS)."
5.4.2.2 Second operator's seat
If a second operator's seat is required for a specific machine, which can be frequently or alternatively
used by the operator to perform the application of the machine, this seat shall fulfil the requirements
for seats as specified in 5.4 and the safety structures as specified in 5.3.3 (ROPS) and 5.3.4 (FOPS).
5.5 Operator's controls and indicators
5.5.1 General
The controls (hand levers, pedals, switches etc.) and indicators of the machine, equipment, attachment,
shall be chosen, designed, constructed and arranged according to ISO 10968:2004, so that:
a) they are of easy access, in accordance with EN ISO 6682:1995 and ISO 10968:2004;
b) neutral positions of controls shall be in accordance with 5.3 of ISO 10968:2004;
c) they are clearly identified (see ISO 6405-1:2004 and ISO 6405-2:1993) in the operator's station and
explained in the operation manual (see 7.2);
d) the movement of the controls to activate the functions and indicators shall correspond to the
intended effect or common practice whenever possible;
e) the normal engine stop device shall be within the zone of reach (see EN ISO 6682:1995);
f) when a control is designed and constructed to carry out several functions of the machine, e.g.
keyboard, joystick control, the activated function shall be clearly identified;
g) for requirements on joy-sticks, see also ISO 10968:2004;
h) for safety related functions of control system(s) having no electronic components, the principles
outlined in !EN ISO 13849-1:2008" shall be used or methods giving similar protection;
i) !where there is more than one control position the control system shall be designed in such a
way that the use of one of them precludes the use of the other(s) (except for stop controls and
emergency stops). "
'In the case of hydraulically assisted variable gauge undercarriage, the controls shall be located in the
operator's station.(
5.5.2 !Starting/stopping system"
!The starting/stopping system of earth-moving machinery shall be provided with a starting/stopping
device (e.g. key) and shall comply with ISO 10264:1990 or have a similar protection against
unauthorized use.
Earth-moving machines shall be so designed that hazardous movement of the machine or its working
equipment and/or attachment shall not be possible without action on the controls whilst
starting/stopping the engine.
If the visibility from the operator's station to the rear by direct or indirect view cannot be achieved in
accordance with 5.8.1, the machine shall be equipped with an acoustic and/or visual warning signal
activated automatically when the reversing command is given, combined with a delay in starting the
reverse movement, leaving sufficient time for an exposed person to leave the danger zone.
NOTE When drafting this text it was not possible to define clear criteria for the necessary delay time as it
depends on different parameters. In the idea of the drafters a delay of 3 s (that may be achieved completely or in
part in the reaction time of the machine) will in general be appropriate."
5.5.3 Inadvertent activation
!Controls, which can cause a hazard due to inadvertent activation, shall be so arranged or deactivated
or guarded as to minimise the risk, when the operator gets into or out of the operator's station." The
deactivation device shall either be self-acting or acting by compulsory actuation of the relevant device.
5.5.4 Pedals
Pedals shall have an appropriate size, shape and be adequately spaced. The pedals shall have a slip-
resistant surface and be easy to clean.
If the pedals of an earth-moving machine have the same function (clutch, brake, and accelerator) as on a
motor vehicle, they shall be arranged in the same manner to avoid the risk of confusion.
5.5.5 Emergency attachment lowering
If the engine is stopped it shall be possible to:
a) lower the equipment/attachment to the ground/frame;
b) see the equipment/attachment lowering from the operator actuating position of the lowering
control;
c) release the residual pressure in each hydraulic and pneumatic circuit, which can cause a risk.
The means to lower the attachment and the device to release the residual pressure can be located
outside the operator's station and shall be described in the operation manual.
5.5.6 Uncontrolled motion
Machine and equipment or attachment movement from the holding position, other than by actuation of
the controls by the operator, due to drift or creep (e.g. by leaking) or when power supply stops, shall be
limited to the extent that it can not create a risk to exposed persons.
5.5.7 Remote control
Remote operator controlled earth-moving machinery shall comply with the requirements as specified in
ISO 15817:2005.
5.5.8 Control panels, indicators and symbols
5.5.8.1 Control panels
The operator shall be able to see from the operator's station, in both daylight and darkness, the
necessary indicators to check the proper function of the machine. Glare shall be minimised.
5.5.8.2 Operating instrumentation
Control indicators for safe and proper operation of the machine, shall follow the safety colours and
safety signs/requirements according to ISO 6011:2003.
5.5.8.3 Symbols
Symbols for use on op
...