IEC 60728-1:2014
(Main)Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 1: System performance of forward paths
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 1: System performance of forward paths
IEC 60728-1:2014 is applicable to any cable network (including individual receiving systems) having in the forward path a coaxial cable output and primarily intended for television and sound signals operating between about 30 MHz and 3 000 MHz. It specifies the basic methods of measurement of the operational characteristics of cable network having coaxial cable outputs in order to assess the performance of these systems and their performance limits. This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2007 and constitutes a technical revision. It includes the following changes:
- redrafting of measurement procedure and updating of performance requirements to include DVB-T2 signals;
- reference to IEC 60728-1-1 for home networks;
- reference to IEC 60728-1-2 for performance requirements at system outlet in operation.
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs - Partie 1: Performance des systèmes de voie directe
L'IC 60728-1:2014 est applicable à tout réseau de distribution par câbles (y compris les systèmes de réception individuels) qui comporte, dans la voie directe, une sortie par câble coaxial et destiné principalement aux signaux de télévision et sonores fonctionnant entre environ 30 MHz et 3 000 MHz.
L'IC 60728-1:2014 spécifie les méthodes de mesure de base des caractéristiques de fonctionnement des réseaux de distribution par câbles ayant des sorties en câble coaxial afin d'évaluer la performance de ces systèmes et leurs limites de performance.
L'IC 60728-1:2014 annule et remplace la quatrième édition parue en 2007, et constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
- reformulation du mode opératoire de mesure pour inclure les signaux DVB-T2;
- mise à jour des exigences de performance à l’Article 5 pour inclure celles relatives aux signaux DVB-T2;
- mise à jour des exigences de performance à l’Article 6 pour inclure celles relatives aux signaux DVB-T2;
- mise à jour des exigences de performance à l’Article 7 pour inclure celles relatives aux signaux DVB-T2;
- référence à l’IEC 60728-1-1 pour les réseaux domestiques;
- référence à l’IEC 60728-1-2 pour les exigences de performances à la prise terminale en fonctionnement.
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Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 60728-1 ®
Edition 5.0 2014-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 1: System performance of forward paths
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
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IEC 60728-1 ®
Edition 5.0 2014-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 1: System performance of forward paths
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XG
ICS 33.060.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-1619-4
– 2 – IEC 60728-1:2014 © IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 10
INTRODUCTION . 12
1 Scope . 13
2 Normative references . 13
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 15
3.1 Terms and definitions . 15
3.2 Symbols . 27
3.3 Abbreviations . 29
4 Methods of measurement at system outlet . 31
4.1 Performance limits . 31
4.2 Mutual isolation between system outlets . 33
4.2.1 Overview . 33
4.2.2 Equipment required . 33
4.2.3 Connection of the equipment . 34
4.2.4 Measurement procedure . 34
4.2.5 Presentation of the results . 35
4.3 Amplitude response within a channel . 35
4.3.1 Overview . 35
4.3.2 Equipment required . 35
4.3.3 Connection of the equipment . 35
4.3.4 Measurement procedure . 36
4.3.5 Presentation of the results . 37
4.4 Chrominance-luminance gain and delay inequalities . 38
4.4.1 Overview . 38
4.4.2 Equipment required . 39
4.4.3 Connection of the equipment . 39
4.4.4 Measurement procedure . 39
4.4.5 Presentation of the results . 40
4.5 Non-linear distortion. 41
4.5.1 General . 41
4.5.2 Intermodulation . 41
4.5.3 Composite beat . 41
4.5.4 Composite crossmodulation . 45
4.5.5 Intermodulation noise . 46
4.5.6 Hum modulation of carriers . 46
4.5.7 Differential gain and phase . 51
4.6 Carrier-to-noise ratio . 56
4.6.1 Overview . 56
4.6.2 Equipment required . 56
4.6.3 Connection of the equipment . 56
4.6.4 Measurement set-up . 57
4.6.5 Measurement procedure . 57
4.6.6 Presentation of the results . 58
4.7 Echoes . 58
4.7.1 Overview . 58
4.7.2 Equipment required . 59
4.7.3 Connection of the equipment . 59
4.7.4 Measurement procedure . 59
4.7.5 Presentation of the results . 60
4.8 AM-VSB television, FM radio and FM television signal level . 60
4.8.1 General . 60
4.8.2 Definitions for NTSC, PAL and SECAM systems . 60
4.8.3 Equipment required . 60
4.8.4 Measurement procedure . 60
4.8.5 Presentation of the results . 61
4.9 Data echo rating and data delay inequality . 61
4.10 Interference in FM sound radio channels . 61
4.11 Methods of measurement for digitally modulated signals . 61
4.11.1 Overview . 61
4.11.2 Basic assumptions and measurement interfaces . 62
4.11.3 Signal level for digitally modulated signals . 65
4.11.4 RF signal-to-noise ratio S /N for digitally modulated
D,RF
signals . 66
4.11.5 Bit error ratio (BER) . 68
4.11.6 BER versus E /N or C/N . 69
b 0
4.11.7 Noise margin . 73
4.11.8 Modulation error ratio (MER) . 74
4.11.9 Phase jitter . 76
4.11.10 Phase noise of an RF carrier . 79
5 Performance requirements at system outlet . 82
5.1 General . 82
5.2 Impedance . 82
5.3 Requirements at the terminal input . 82
5.3.1 General . 82
5.3.2 Signal level . 83
5.3.3 Other parameters . 83
5.4 Carrier levels at system outlets . 83
5.4.1 Minimum and maximum carrier levels . 83
5.4.2 Carrier level differences . 85
5.5 Mutual isolation between system outlets . 86
5.5.1 Isolation between two subscribers . 86
5.5.2 Isolation between individual outlets in one household . 86
5.5.3 Isolation between forward and return path . 86
5.6 Frequency response within a television channel at any system outlet . 87
5.6.1 Amplitude response . 87
5.6.2 Group delay . 87
5.7 Long-term frequency stability of distributed carrier signals at any system
outlet . 88
5.8 Random noise . 89
5.9 Interference to television channels . 91
5.9.1 Single-frequency interference . 91
5.9.2 Single-channel intermodulation interference . 92
5.9.3 Multiple frequency intermodulation interference . 92
5.9.4 Intermodulation noise . 92
5.9.5 Cross-modulation . 93
– 4 – IEC 60728-1:2014 © IEC 2014
5.10 Video baseband requirements . 93
5.10.1 Differential gain and phase in any television channel . 93
5.10.2 Echoes . 93
5.11 Hum modulation of carriers in television channels . 93
5.12 Requirements for data signal transmission . 94
5.12.1 Data signals carried in the structure of a television signal . 94
5.12.2 Data signals other than those carried within the structure of a
television signal . 94
5.13 Digitally modulated signals – Additional performance requirements . 94
5.13.1 DVB (PSK, QAM, OFDM) performance . 94
5.13.2 NICAM performance . 96
5.13.3 DAB performance . 96
5.14 FM sound radio – Additional performance requirements . 97
5.14.1 Amplitude response within an FM channel . 97
5.14.2 Phase response within an FM channel . 97
5.14.3 Interference within an FM channel . 97
5.14.4 AM hum modulation on FM sound carriers . 97
5.14.5 Echoes within an FM channel . 97
6 Performance requirements at receiving antennas . 97
6.1 General . 97
6.2 Method of measurement of field strength . 98
6.2.1 Overview . 98
6.2.2 Equipment required . 98
6.2.3 Connection of the equipment . 98
6.2.4 Measurement procedure . 98
6.2.5 Presentation of the results . 100
6.3 Requirements . 100
6.3.1 General . 100
6.3.2 Field strength requirements . 100
6.3.3 Quality of received signals . 102
6.3.4 Safety . 106
6.3.5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 107
6.4 Interference reduction . 107
6.4.1 General . 107
6.4.2 Active antennas . 107
7 Performance requirements at home network interfaces of cable networks. 107
7.1 General . 107
7.2 Requirements at HNI1 for passive coaxial home networks . 108
7.2.1 General . 108
7.2.2 Carrier levels at the HNI1 . 109
7.2.3 Mutual isolation between two HNI1 . 112
7.2.4 Frequency response within any television channel at HNI1 . 112
7.2.5 Long-term frequency stability of distributed carrier signals at
HNI1 . 113
7.2.6 Random noise at the HNI1 . 113
7.2.7 Interference to television channels at HNI1 . 113
7.2.8 Return path requirements at HNI1 . 114
7.3 Requirements at HNI2 for active coaxial home networks . 114
7.3.1 General . 114
7.3.2 Carrier levels at the HNI2 . 114
7.3.3 Mutual isolation between two HNI2 . 117
7.3.4 Frequency response within any television channel at HNI2 . 117
7.3.5 Long-term frequency stability of distributed carrier signals at
HNI2 . 117
7.3.6 Random noise at HNI2 . 118
7.3.7 Interference to television channels at the HNI2 . 121
7.3.8 Return path requirements at HNI2 . 122
7.4 Requirements at HNI3 and at system outlet or terminal input when the
home network is mainly of balanced type . 122
7.4.1 Overview . 122
7.4.2 Requirements at HNI3 . 122
7.4.3 Requirements at system output . 123
7.4.4 Additional requirements at HNI3 for upstream transmission . 123
7.5 Requirements at HNI3 (Case C) . 124
7.6 Requirements at HNI3 (Case D) . 124
Annex A (informative) Reception of television signals . 125
Annex B (normative) Calibration of modulation depth . 130
B.1 Equipment required . 130
B.2 Connection of the equipment . 130
B.3 Calibration procedure . 130
Annex C (normative) Equipment required – Additional items . 131
C.1 Measuring receiver preamplifier . 131
C.2 Measuring receiver input filter . 131
Annex D (normative) Preliminary checks on the measuring equipment for carrier-to-
noise ratio . 132
D.1 Noise . 132
D.2 Intermodulation . 132
D.3 Overload . 132
Annex E (normative) Correction factors. 133
E.1 Level correction factor C . 133
m
E.2 Bandwidth correction factor C . 133
b
Annex F (normative) Calibration of the measuring receiver . 134
Annex G (normative) Correction factors for noise . 135
G.1 Signal level measurement . 135
G.2 Noise level measurement . 135
Annex H (normative) Null packet and PRBS definitions . 137
H.1 Null packet definition. 137
H.2 PRBS definition. 138
Annex I (normative) Digital signal level and bandwidth . 139
I.1 RF/IF power (carrier) . 139
I.2 Bandwidth of a digital signal . 139
I.2.1 Occupied bandwidth . 139
I.2.2 Noise bandwidth . 140
I.2.3 Equivalent signal bandwidth . 140
I.3 Examples . 141
Annex J (normative) Correction factor for a spectrum analyser . 142
Annex K (informative) Differences in some countries . 143
– 6 – IEC 60728-1:2014 © IEC 2014
K.1 Subclause 3.1.58, Norway . 143
K.2 Subclause 5.4.1, Japan, Netherlands . 143
K.2.1 Japan . 143
K.2.2 Netherlands . 143
K.3 Subclause 5.4.2, Japan . 143
K.4 Subclause 5.5.1, Japan . 144
K.5 Subclause 5.6.1, Japan . 145
K.6 Subclause 5.6.2, Netherlands . 145
K.7 Subclause 5.7, Japan. 146
K.8 Subclause 5.8, Japan. 146
K.9 Subclause 5.9.1, Japan, Netherlands . 147
K.9.1 Japan . 147
K.9.2 Netherlands . 148
K.10 Subclause 5.9.5, Japan . 149
K.11 Subclause 5.10.2, Netherlands, Japan . 149
K.11.1 Netherlands . 149
K.11.2 Japan . 149
K.12 Subclause 5.11, Japan . 150
K.13 Subclause 5.12.1, Denmark . 151
K.14 Subclause 5.13.1.5, Japan . 151
K.15 Subclause 5.14.3, Netherlands . 151
K.16 Clause 7, Japan . 151
Bibliography . 152
Figure 1 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of mutual isolation
between system outlets . 34
Figure 2 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of frequency response
within a channel . 36
Figure 3 – Interpretation of displays for measurement of frequency response within a
channel . 37
Figure 4 – Test signal (signal F for 625-line systems) employed for
chrominance/luminance gain and delay inequality . 38
Figure 5 – Test signal (signal B2 for 625-line systems) employed for
chrominance/luminance gain and delay inequality . 38
Figure 6 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of chrominance/luminance
gain and delay inequality . 39
Figure 7 – Displayed pulses: chrominance low and lagging . 40
Figure 8 – Displayed pulses: chrominance high and leading . 40
Figure 9 – Connection of test equipment for the measurement of non-linear distortion
by composite beat . 42
Figure 10 – Weighting curve for 625-line system B, G and D1 (PAL): CW interference
with no special (frequency offset) control . 44
Figure 11 – Weighting curve for 625-line system I (PAL): CW interference with no
special (frequency offset) control . 44
Figure 12 – Weighting curve for 625-line systems D and K (PAL): CW interference
with no special (frequency offset) control . 45
Figure 13 – Weighting curve for 625-line system L (SECAM): CW interference with no
special (frequency offset) control . 45
Figure 14 – Hum modulation envelope . 46
Figure 15 – Calibrated potential divider . 47
Figure 16 – Stable variable DC source . 47
Figure 17 – Connection of equipment for measurement of hum modulation (DC
method) . 48
Figure 18 – Oscilloscope display . 49
Figure 19 – Connection of equipment for hum modulation measurement (AC method) . 50
Figure 20 – Signal D2 . 52
Figure 21 – Example of the modified staircase waveform . 53
Figure 22 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of differential gain and
phase . 54
Figure 23 – Arrangement of test equipment for carrier-to-noise ratio measurement . 56
Figure 24 – Echo rating graticule . 58
Figure 25 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of echo rating . 59
Figure 26 – PSK modulation (QPSK, BPSK or TC8PSK) . 62
Figure 27 – DVB-S2 modulation (QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK, 32APSK) . 62
Figure 28 – DVB-C QAM modulation . 62
Figure 29 – DVB-T OFDM modulation . 63
Figure 30 – DVB-T2 OFDM modulation . 63
Figure 31 – Reference receiver for PSK demodulation (QPSK, BPSK or TC8PSK) . 63
Figure 32 – Reference receiver for DVB-S2 demodulation (QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK,
32APSK) . 64
Figure 33 – Reference receiver for QAM demodulation . 64
Figure 34 – Reference receiver for DVB-T OFDM demodulation . 64
Figure 35 – Reference receiver (buffer model) for DVB-T2 OFDM demodulation . 64
Figure 36 – Test set-up for BER measurement . 69
Figure 37 – Test set-up for BER measurement versus E /N or C/N and noise margin
b 0
measurement . 70
Figure 38 – Example of BER measurement versus E /N . 72
b 0
Figure 39 – Example of BER measurement versus C/N . 72
Figure 40 – Test set-up for modulation error ratio (MER) measurement and phase
jitter measurement . 75
Figure 41 – Example of constellation diagram for a 64 QAM modulation format . 76
Figure 42 – Example of constellation diagram for a 64 QAM modulation format with
arc sections due to phase jitter . 78
Figure 43 – Test set-up for phase noise measurement . 79
Figure 44 – Example of mask for phase noise measurements: PSK, APSK and QAM
formats . 81
Figure 45 – Example of mask for phase noise measurements: OFDM format . 81
Figure 46 – Home network types used to define the requirements at HNI1 (coaxial) . 108
Figure A.1 – Example of a master antenna television system (MATV) for terrestrial
reception . 126
Figure A.2 – Example of the headend of a master antenna television system for
satellite (SMATV) reception . 127
Figure A.3 – Example of a master antenna television system for terrestrial and
satellite (SMATV) reception . 127
Figure A.4 – Example of a cabled distribution system for television and sound signals . 128
– 8 – IEC 60728-1:2014 © IEC 2014
Figure A.5 – System model for downstream direction of a cable network for television
and sound signals (CATV) . 129
Figure B.1 – Calibration of modulation depth . 130
Figure G.1 – Noise correction factor CF versus measured level difference D . 136
Figure K.1 – Mask group delay characteristic for PAL signals with FM-FM sound
(Netherlands) . 145
Figure K.2 – Single-frequency interference (VSB-AM NTSC) (Japan) . 147
Figure K.3 – Single-frequency interference (64 QAM digital) (Japan) . 148
Figure K.4 – Single-frequency interference (256 QAM digital) (Japan) . 148
Figure K.5 – Requirement for echo loss in relation to the time delay of the reflected
signal (Netherlands) . 149
Figure K.6 – Echoes (VSB-AM NTSC) (Japan) . 150
Figure K.7 – Echoes (FM NTSC) (Japan) . 150
Table 1 – Application of the methods of measurement . 32
Table 2 – Residual carrier reduction factors . 49
Table 3 – Frequency distance f . 81
m
Table 4 – Carrier signal levels at any system outlet (analogue signals) . 83
Table 5 – RF signal levels at any system outlet (digital signals) . 84
Table 6 – Maximum level differences at any system outlet between distributed
television channels . 85
Table 7 – Mutual isolation . 86
Table 8 – Residual carrier level at television or FM radio output within the same outlet
or between two different outlets . 87
Table 9 – Amplitude response variation . 87
Table 10 – Group delay variation . 88
Table 11 – Maximum deviation of the conversion frequency for digitally modulated
DVB signals . 89
Table 12 – Carrier-to-noise ratios at system outlet (analogue television) . 89
Table 13 – RF signal-to noise ratio at system outlet (digital television) . 90
Table 14 – Carrier-to-noise ratios at the system outlet (sound radio) . 91
Table 15 – Differential gain and phase in television channels . 93
Table 16 – Modulation error ratio MER of DVB signals . 95
Table 17 – Phase jitter of a DVB signal . 95
Table 18 – Phase noise of a DVB signal (PSK, APSK and QAM) . 96
Table 19 – Phase noise of a DVB-T signal (COFDM) . 96
Table 20 – Minimum field strength levels recommended by ITU-R. 101
Table 21 – Minimum field strength levels recommended by CEPT:1997 . 101
Table 22 – Minimum signal level at the headend input for the reception of analogue
sound broadcasting. 102
Table 23 – Minimum signal level at the headend input for the reception of analogue
television broadcasting . 102
Table 24 – Minimum signal level at the headend input for the reception of DAB signals
−4
at an error ratio of 1 × 10 and code rate 1/2 . 103
Table 25 – Minimum signal level and RF signal-to-noise ratio at the headend input for
stationary reception of DVB-T signals . 103
Table 26 – Minimum signal-to-noise ratio S /N at the headend input for DVB-T2
D,RF
signals (LDPC block length 64 800 bit) . 104
Table 27 – Minimum signal level and carrier-to-noise ratio at the headend input for the
reception of FM modulated satellite signals. 104
Table 28 – Minimum RF signal-to-noise ratio at the headend input for the reception of
DVB-S or DVB-S2 satellite signals (AWGN channel and FECFRAME length of 64 800) . 105
Table 29 – Minimum values for signal-to-disturbance ratio . 105
Table 30 – Minimum values for signal-to-echo ratio . 106
Table 31 – Signal level at HNI1 (analogue signals) . 109
Table 32 – Signal level at HNI1 (digital signals) . 110
Table 33 – Maximum level differences at HNI1 . 111
Table 34 – Mutual isolation between two HNI1 . 112
Table 35 – Amplitude response variation at HNI1 . 112
Table 36 – Group delay variation at HNI1 . 113
Table 37 – Signal level at HNI2 (analogue signals) . 114
Table 38 – Signal level at HNI2 (digital signals) . 115
Table 39 – Maximum level differences at HNI2 . 116
Table 40 – Amplitude response variation at HNI2 . 117
Table 41 – Group delay variation at HNI2 . 117
Table 42 – Carrier-to-noise ratios at HNI2 (analogue television) . 118
Table 43 – RF signal-to-noise ratios at HNI2 (digital television) . 119
Table 44 – Carrier-to-noise ratios at HNI2 (sound radio) . 120
Table 45 – Minimum signal level at coaxial terminal input (case A) or at coaxial
system outlet (case B) . 123
Table G.1 – Noise correction factor . 135
Table H.1 – Null transport stream packet definition . 138
Table I.1 – Examples of bandwidths for digital modulation techniques . 141
Table K.1 – Carrier signal levels at any system outlet (Japan) . 143
Table K.2 – Carrier signal levels at any system outlet (Netherlans) . 143
Table K.3 – Maximum level differences at any system outlet between distributed
television channels (Japan) . 144
Table K.4 – Mutual isolation (Japan) . 144
Table K.5 – Amplitude response variation (Japan) . 145
Table K.6 – Frequency stability requirements (Japan) . 146
Table K.7 – Carrier-to-noise ratios at system outlet (Japan) . 146
Table K.8 – Single-frequency interference (Japan) . 147
Table K.9 – Single-frequency interference (Netherlands) . 148
Table K.10 – Cross-modulation (Japan) . 149
Table K.11 – Echoes requirements (Japan) . 149
Table K.12 – Hum modulation of carriers in television channels (Japan) . 150
Table K.13 – Phase noise of an RF carrier (Japan) . 151
– 10 – IEC 60728-1:2014 © IEC 2014
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 1: System performance of forward paths
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IE
...
IEC 60728-1 ®
Edition 5.0 2014-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 1: System performance of forward paths
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de
radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs –
Partie 1: Performance des systèmes de voie directe
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
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The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
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latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
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and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
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IEC 60728-1 ®
Edition 5.0 2014-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 1: System performance of forward paths
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de
radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs –
Partie 1: Performance des systèmes de voie directe
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.060.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-8900-6
– 2 – IEC 60728-1:2014 © IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 8
INTRODUCTION . 10
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 13
3.1 Terms and definitions . 13
3.2 Symbols . 25
3.3 Abbreviations . 26
4 Methods of measurement at system outlet . 28
4.1 Performance limits . 28
4.2 Mutual isolation between system outlets . 30
4.3 Amplitude response within a channel . 32
4.4 Chrominance-luminance gain and delay inequalities . 35
4.5 Non-linear distortion. 38
4.6 Carrier-to-noise ratio . 53
4.7 Echoes . 55
4.8 AM-VSB television, FM radio and FM television signal level . 57
4.9 Data echo rating and data delay inequality . 58
4.10 Interference in FM sound radio channels . 58
4.11 Methods of measurement for digitally modulated signals . 58
5 Performance requirements at system outlet . 79
5.1 General . 79
5.2 Impedance . 79
5.3 Requirements at the terminal input . 79
5.4 Carrier levels at system outlets . 80
5.5 Mutual isolation between system outlets . 83
5.6 Frequency response within a television channel at any system outlet . 84
5.7 Long-term frequency stability of distributed carrier signals at any system
outlet . 85
5.8 Random noise . 86
5.9 Interference to television channels . 88
5.10 Video baseband requirements . 90
5.11 Hum modulation of carriers in television channels . 90
5.12 Requirements for data signal transmission . 91
5.13 Digitally modulated signals – Additional performance requirements . 91
5.14 FM sound radio – Additional performance requirements . 94
6 Performance requirements at receiving antennas . 94
6.1 General . 94
6.2 Method of measurement of field strength . 95
6.3 Requirements . 97
6.4 Interference reduction . 104
7 Performance requirements at home network interfaces of cable networks. 104
7.1 General . 104
7.2 Requirements at HNI1 for passive coaxial home networks . 105
7.3 Requirements at HNI2 for active coaxial home networks . 111
7.4 Requirements at HNI3 and at system outlet or terminal input when the
home network is mainly of balanced type . 119
7.5 Requirements at HNI3 (Case C) . 121
7.6 Requirements at HNI3 (Case D) . 121
Annex A (informative) Reception of television signals . 122
Annex B (normative) Calibration of modulation depth . 127
B.1 Equipment required . 127
B.2 Connection of the equipment . 127
B.3 Calibration procedure . 127
Annex C (normative) Equipment required – Additional items . 128
C.1 Measuring receiver preamplifier . 128
C.2 Measuring receiver input filter . 128
Annex D (normative) Preliminary checks on the measuring equipment for carrier-to-
noise ratio . 129
D.1 Noise . 129
D.2 Intermodulation . 129
D.3 Overload . 129
Annex E (normative) Correction factors. 130
E.1 Level correction factor C . 130
m
E.2 Bandwidth correction factor C . 130
b
Annex F (normative) Calibration of the measuring receiver . 131
Annex G (normative) Correction factors for noise . 132
G.1 Signal level measurement . 132
G.2 Noise level measurement . 132
Annex H (normative) Null packet and PRBS definitions . 134
H.1 Null packet definition. 134
H.2 PRBS definition. 135
Annex I (normative) Digital signal level and bandwidth . 136
I.1 RF/IF power (carrier) . 136
I.2 Bandwidth of a digital signal . 136
I.3 Examples . 138
Annex J (normative) Correction factor for a spectrum analyser . 139
Annex K (informative) Differences in some countries . 140
K.1 Subclause 3.1.58, Norway . 140
K.2 Subclause 5.4.1, Japan, Netherlands . 140
K.3 Subclause 5.4.2, Japan . 140
K.4 Subclause 5.5.1, Japan . 141
K.5 Subclause 5.6.1, Japan . 142
K.6 Subclause 5.6.2, Netherlands . 142
K.7 Subclause 5.7, Japan. 143
K.8 Subclause 5.8, Japan. 143
K.9 Subclause 5.9.1, Japan, Netherlands . 143
K.10 Subclause 5.9.5, Japan . 145
K.11 Subclause 5.10.2, Netherlands, Japan . 145
K.12 Subclause 5.11, Japan . 147
K.13 Subclause 5.12.1, Denmark . 147
K.14 Subclause 5.13.1.5, Japan . 147
K.15 Subclause 5.14.3, Netherlands . 148
K.16 Clause 7, Japan . 148
Bibliography . 149
– 4 – IEC 60728-1:2014 © IEC 2014
Figure 1 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of mutual isolation
between system outlets . 31
Figure 2 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of frequency response
within a channel . 33
Figure 3 – Interpretation of displays for measurement of frequency response within a
channel . 34
Figure 4 – Test signal (signal F for 625-line systems) employed for
chrominance/luminance gain and delay inequality . 35
Figure 5 – Test signal (signal B2 for 625-line systems) employed for
chrominance/luminance gain and delay inequality . 35
Figure 6 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of chrominance/luminance
gain and delay inequality . 36
Figure 7 – Displayed pulses: chrominance low and lagging . 37
Figure 8 – Displayed pulses: chrominance high and leading . 37
Figure 9 – Connection of test equipment for the measurement of non-linear distortion
by composite beat . 39
Figure 10 – Weighting curve for 625-line system B, G and D1 (PAL): CW interference
with no special (frequency offset) control . 41
Figure 11 – Weighting curve for 625-line system I (PAL): CW interference with no
special (frequency offset) control . 41
Figure 12 – Weighting curve for 625-line systems D and K (PAL): CW interference
with no special (frequency offset) control . 42
Figure 13 – Weighting curve for 625-line system L (SECAM): CW interference with no
special (frequency offset) control . 42
Figure 14 – Hum modulation envelope . 43
Figure 15 – Calibrated potential divider . 44
Figure 16 – Stable variable DC source . 44
Figure 17 – Connection of equipment for measurement of hum modulation (DC
method) . 45
Figure 18 – Oscilloscope display . 46
Figure 19 – Connection of equipment for hum modulation measurement (AC method) . 47
Figure 20 – Signal D2 . 49
Figure 21 – Example of the modified staircase waveform . 50
Figure 22 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of differential gain and
phase . 51
Figure 23 – Arrangement of test equipment for carrier-to-noise ratio measurement . 53
Figure 24 – Echo rating graticule . 55
Figure 25 – Arrangement of test equipment for measurement of echo rating . 56
Figure 26 – PSK modulation (QPSK, BPSK or TC8PSK) . 59
Figure 27 – DVB-S2 modulation (QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK, 32APSK) . 59
Figure 28 – DVB-C QAM modulation . 59
Figure 29 – DVB-T OFDM modulation . 60
Figure 30 – DVB-T2 OFDM modulation . 60
Figure 31 – Reference receiver for PSK demodulation (QPSK, BPSK or TC8PSK) . 60
Figure 32 – Reference receiver for DVB-S2 demodulation (QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK,
32APSK) . 61
Figure 33 – Reference receiver for QAM demodulation . 61
Figure 34 – Reference receiver for DVB-T OFDM demodulation . 61
Figure 35 – Reference receiver (buffer model) for DVB-T2 OFDM demodulation . 61
Figure 36 – Test set-up for BER measurement . 66
Figure 37 – Test set-up for BER measurement versus E /N or C/N and noise margin
b 0
measurement . 67
Figure 38 – Example of BER measurement versus E /N . 69
b 0
Figure 39 – Example of BER measurement versus C/N . 69
Figure 40 – Test set-up for modulation error ratio (MER) measurement and phase
jitter measurement . 72
Figure 41 – Example of constellation diagram for a 64 QAM modulation format . 73
Figure 42 – Example of constellation diagram for a 64 QAM modulation format with
arc sections due to phase jitter . 75
Figure 43 – Test set-up for phase noise measurement . 76
Figure 44 – Example of mask for phase noise measurements: PSK, APSK and QAM
formats . 78
Figure 45 – Example of mask for phase noise measurements: OFDM format . 78
Figure 46 – Home network types used to define the requirements at HNI1 (coaxial) . 105
Figure A.1 – Example of a master antenna television system (MATV) for terrestrial
reception . 123
Figure A.2 – Example of the headend of a master antenna television system for
satellite (SMATV) reception . 124
Figure A.3 – Example of a master antenna television system for terrestrial and
satellite (SMATV) reception . 124
Figure A.4 – Example of a cabled distribution system for television and sound signals . 125
Figure A.5 – System model for downstream direction of a cable network for television
and sound signals (CATV) . 126
Figure B.1 – Calibration of modulation depth . 127
Figure G.1 – Noise correction factor CF versus measured level difference D . 133
Figure K.1 – Mask group delay characteristic for PAL signals with FM-FM sound
(Netherlands) . 142
Figure K.2 – Single-frequency interference (VSB-AM NTSC) (Japan) . 144
Figure K.3 – Single-frequency interference (64 QAM digital) (Japan) . 144
Figure K.4 – Single-frequency interference (256 QAM digital) (Japan) . 145
Figure K.5 – Requirement for echo loss in relation to the time delay of the reflected
signal (Netherlands) . 146
Figure K.6 – Echoes (VSB-AM NTSC) (Japan) . 146
Figure K.7 – Echoes (FM NTSC) (Japan) . 147
Table 1 – Application of the methods of measurement . 29
Table 2 – Residual carrier reduction factors . 46
Table 3 – Frequency distance f . 78
m
Table 4 – Carrier signal levels at any system outlet (analogue signals) . 80
Table 5 – RF signal levels at any system outlet (digital signals) . 81
Table 6 – Maximum level differences at any system outlet between distributed
television channels . 82
– 6 – IEC 60728-1:2014 © IEC 2014
Table 7 – Mutual isolation . 83
Table 8 – Residual carrier level at television or FM radio output within the same outlet
or between two different outlets . 84
Table 9 – Amplitude response variation . 84
Table 10 – Group delay variation . 85
Table 11 – Maximum deviation of the conversion frequency for digitally modulated
DVB signals . 86
Table 12 – Carrier-to-noise ratios at system outlet (analogue television) . 86
Table 13 – RF signal-to noise ratio at system outlet (digital television) . 87
Table 14 – Carrier-to-noise ratios at the system outlet (sound radio) . 88
Table 15 – Differential gain and phase in television channels . 90
Table 16 – Modulation error ratio MER of DVB signals . 92
Table 17 – Phase jitter of a DVB signal . 92
Table 18 – Phase noise of a DVB signal (PSK, APSK and QAM) . 93
Table 19 – Phase noise of a DVB-T signal (COFDM) . 93
Table 20 – Minimum field strength levels recommended by ITU-R. 98
Table 21 – Minimum field strength levels recommended by CEPT:1997 . 98
Table 22 – Minimum signal level at the headend input for the reception of analogue
sound broadcasting. 99
Table 23 – Minimum signal level at the headend input for the reception of analogue
television broadcasting . 99
Table 24 – Minimum signal level at the headend input for the reception of DAB signals
−4
at an error ratio of 1 × 10 and code rate 1/2 . 100
Table 25 – Minimum signal level and RF signal-to-noise ratio at the headend input for
stationary reception of DVB-T signals . 100
Table 26 – Minimum signal-to-noise ratio S /N at the headend input for DVB-T2
D,RF
signals (LDPC block length 64 800 bit) . 101
Table 27 – Minimum signal level and carrier-to-noise ratio at the headend input for the
reception of FM modulated satellite signals. 101
Table 28 – Minimum RF signal-to-noise ratio at the headend input for the reception of
DVB-S or DVB-S2 satellite signals (AWGN channel and FECFRAME length of 64 800) . 102
Table 29 – Minimum values for signal-to-disturbance ratio . 102
Table 30 – Minimum values for signal-to-echo ratio . 103
Table 31 – Signal level at HNI1 (analogue signals) . 106
Table 32 – Signal level at HNI1 (digital signals) . 107
Table 33 – Maximum level differences at HNI1 . 108
Table 34 – Mutual isolation between two HNI1 . 109
Table 35 – Amplitude response variation at HNI1 . 109
Table 36 – Group delay variation at HNI1 . 110
Table 37 – Signal level at HNI2 (analogue signals) . 111
Table 38 – Signal level at HNI2 (digital signals) . 112
Table 39 – Maximum level differences at HNI2 . 113
Table 40 – Amplitude response variation at HNI2 . 114
Table 41 – Group delay variation at HNI2 . 114
Table 42 – Carrier-to-noise ratios at HNI2 (analogue television) . 115
Table 43 – RF signal-to-noise ratios at HNI2 (digital television) . 116
Table 44 – Carrier-to-noise ratios at HNI2 (sound radio) . 117
Table 45 – Minimum signal level at coaxial terminal input (case A) or at coaxial
system outlet (case B) . 120
Table G.1 – Noise correction factor . 132
Table H.1 – Null transport stream packet definition . 135
Table I.1 – Examples of bandwidths for digital modulation techniques . 138
Table K.1 – Carrier signal levels at any system outlet (Japan) . 140
Table K.2 – Carrier signal levels at any system outlet (Netherlans) . 140
Table K.3 – Maximum level differences at any system outlet between distributed
television channels (Japan) . 141
Table K.4 – Mutual isolation (Japan) . 141
Table K.5 – Amplitude response variation (Japan) . 142
Table K.6 – Frequency stability requirements (Japan) . 143
Table K.7 – Carrier-to-noise ratios at system outlet (Japan) . 143
Table K.8 – Single-frequency interference (Japan) . 143
Table K.9 – Single-frequency interference (Netherlands) . 145
Table K.10 – Cross-modulation (Japan) . 145
Table K.11 – Echoes requirements (Japan) . 146
Table K.12 – Hum modulation of carriers in television channels (Japan) . 147
Table K.13 – Phase noise of an RF carrier (Japan) . 147
– 8 – IEC 60728-1:2014 © IEC 2014
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 1: System performance of forward paths
FOREWORD
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60728-1 has been prepared by technical area 5: Cable networks
for television signals, sound signals and interactive services, of IEC technical committee 100:
Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2007 and constitutes a
technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
• redrafting of measurement procedure to include DVB-T2 signals;
• updating of performance requirements in Clause 5 to include those for DVB-T2 signals;
• updating of performance requirements in Clause 6 to include those for DVB-T2 signals;
• updating of performance requirements in Clause 7 to include those for DVB-T2 signals;
• reference to IEC 60728-1-1 for home networks;
• reference to IEC 60728-1-2 for performance requirements at system outlet in operation.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
100/2269/FDIS 100/2335/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The list of all the parts of the IEC 60728 series, under the general title Cable networks for
television signals, sound signals and interactive services, can be found on the IEC website.
For the differences in some countries, see Annex K.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 10 – IEC 60728-1:2014 © IEC 2014
INTRODUCTION
Standards and deliverables of the IEC 60728 series deal with cable networks including
equipment and associated methods of measurement for headend reception, processing and
distribution of television and sound signals and for processing, interfacing and transmitting all
kinds of data signals for interactive services using all applicable transmission media. These
signals are typically transmitted in networks by frequency-multiplexing techniques.
This includes for instance
• regional and local broadband cable networks,
• extended satellite and terrestrial television distribution systems,
• individual satellite and terrestrial television receiving systems,
and all kinds of equipment, systems and installations used in such cable networks, distribution
and receiving systems.
The extent of this standardization work is from the antennas and/or special signal source
inputs to the headend or other interface points to the network up to the terminal input of the
customer premises equipment.
The standardization work will consider coexistence with users of the RF spectrum in wired
and wireless transmission systems.
The standardization of any user terminals (i.e. tuners, receivers, decoders, multimedia
terminals, etc.) as well as of any coaxial, balanced and optical cables and accessories thereof
is excluded.
IEC 60728-1 includes the following clauses:
Clause 5 defines the system performance limits which will, with an unimpaired input,
(headend input signal), produce picture and sound signals (at system outlets) where the
impairment to any single parameter will not be worse, in normal operating conditions for any
analogue channel, than grade four on the five-grade impairment scale contained in ITU- R
Recommendation BT.500-10. For digitally modulated signals, the quality requirement is a
quasi-error-free (QEF) reception.
Appropriate performance requirements for the signals at the receiving antennas site are given
in Clause 6 in order to provide at the input of the headend of the cable network both analogue
and digital television signals with suitable quality.
Clause 7 is applicable to home networks (including those of individual receiving systems)
using coaxial cables, balanced cables or optical cables and primarily intended for television
signals, sound signals and interactive services, operating between about 30 MHz and
3 000 MHz.
This clause (Clause 7), considering the basic operational characteristics of a home network,
specifies the requirements with respect to the home network interface (HNI) taking into
account the performance requirements given at the system outlet or at the terminal input.
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 1: System performance of forward paths
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60728 is applicable to any cable network (including individual receiving
systems) having in the forward path a coaxial cable output and primarily intended for
television and sound signals operating between about 30 MHz and 3 000 MHz.
This part of IEC 60728 specifies the basic methods of measurement of the operational
characteristics of cable network having coaxial cable outputs in order to assess the
performance of these systems and their performance limits.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-705, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 705: Radio wave
propagation
IEC 60050-712:1992, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 712: Antennas
IEC 60050-725, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 725: Space
radiocommunications
IEC 60728-1-1, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 1-1: RF cabling for two way home networks
IEC 60728-1-2, Cable networks for television signals sound signals and interactive services
– Part 1-2: Performance requirements for signals delivered at the system outlet i
...
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