IEC TR 62282-7-3:2025
(Main)Fuel cell technologies - Part 7-3: Test methods - Status of accelerated tests for fuel cell stacks and components and perspectives for standardization
Fuel cell technologies - Part 7-3: Test methods - Status of accelerated tests for fuel cell stacks and components and perspectives for standardization
IEC TR 62282-7-3:2025 is a generic assessment of the feasibility of standardizing accelerated test procedures (both proton exchange membrane (PEM) and oxide ion-conducting solid oxide cell (SOC) technologies) for fuel cell stacks that have been engineered for a specific system application. This document comprises a review of literature and projects, a discussion of the main physical phenomena of interest in accelerated testing campaigns (focusing on the cell and stack levels, not looking at the system as a black box), a compendium of measurement techniques that are applicable, and it suggests a macroscopic approach to the formulation of a representative accelerated testing campaign.
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IEC TR 62282-7-3 ®
Edition 1.0 2025-03
TECHNICAL
REPORT
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 7-3: Test methods – Status of accelerated tests for fuel cell stacks and
components and perspectives for standardization
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IEC TR 62282-7-3 ®
Edition 1.0 2025-03
TECHNICAL
REPORT
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 7-3: Test methods – Status of accelerated tests for fuel cell stacks and
components and perspectives for standardization
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 27.070 ISBN 978-2-8327-0277-2
– 2 – IEC TR 62282-7-3:2025 © IEC 2025
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions. 7
3.2 Abbreviated terms and symbols . 8
3.2.1 Abbreviated terms . 8
3.2.2 Symbols . 9
4 Outlook of a possible standard/specification on accelerated tests . 9
5 Project review and suggested liaisons . 10
6 Intrinsic degradation mechanisms and their effects . 11
7 Quantification methods for determining (accelerated) degradation . 16
7.1 General . 16
7.2 In-operando diagnostic methods . 16
7.3 Mathematical transfer function formulation method . 17
7.4 Post-test methods . 17
8 Approaches to accelerated testing . 19
8.1 Internal reference test and accelerated test validation . 19
8.2 Single-component accelerated tests . 19
8.3 Stack environment and system influence: combining degradation
mechanisms within an accelerated test . 20
8.4 Product duty cycle . 21
8.5 Combining accelerated tests to an accelerated test programme . 21
9 Accelerated testing environment . 22
10 Conclusions . 23
Bibliography . 25
Table 1 – PEFC degradation phenomena, governing parameters and diagnostics . 12
Table 2 – SOC Degradation phenomena, governing parameters and diagnostics . 14
Table 3 – Examples of diagnostic methods for the measurement of key degradation
properties . 18
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 7-3: Test methods – Status of accelerated tests for fuel cell stacks
and components and perspectives for standardization
FOREWORD
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IEC TR 62282-7-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105: Fuel cell technologies.
It is a Technical Report.
The text of this Technical Report is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
105/1091/DTR 105/1103/RVDTR
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this Technical Report is English.
– 4 – IEC TR 62282-7-3:2025 © IEC 2025
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62282 series, published under the general title Fuel cell
technologies, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
INTRODUCTION
The scope of accelerated testing is to reduce the time for qualification of the degradation or the
long-term performance of a specific cell, cell component, stack, stack module or stack
component compared to testing at nominal operating conditions. To generate an accelerated
test, operating conditions stress a test item or one of its components, usually through the
exaggeration of one of the testing parameters (the so-called stress factor). The results of this
test are expected to provide a comparative assessment of the robustness (or degradation) of
the test item and possibly – through an established transfer function – an estimation of the
projected lifetime of the test item under nominal (non-stressed) conditions.
An accelerated test thus cannot be a self-standing experiment, since it cannot be applied
universally to all cell technologies, architectures or material combinations. Degradation
phenomena are different and occur heterogeneously for different fuel cell (stack) technologies
and in different operating modes. Also, different fabrication process of cells and components
can lead to different responses under stressed conditions (although the responses at nominal
conditions could be similar). In any case, for each accelerated test, a benchmark test item
(operated at nominal conditions and adequately characterized) is necessary in order to have a
meaningful reference against which the accelerated test can provide the required understanding
of long-term durability of that same item. Nevertheless, actual long-term testing under normal
operating conditions could be the only method to obtain an accurate degradation rate.
Tests on components (ex-situ tests) would only be relevant for comparison of such components,
since the relevance for performance within a system can only be provided in the integrated
assembly. For systems and end products, a generally applicable accelerated test for a given
application (without the need for benchmarking) is certainly useful and is possible in the same
way as there exist standardized drive cycles for vehicles/propulsion systems. However, it is still
considered a major challenge to define an operating cycle that represents the actual application
including events that contribute to degradation like start-stop cycles, air-air-starts, freeze starts,
pressure and humidity cycles, temperature cycles etc. Nevertheless, standardized types of tests
could be defined, generic for all types of fuel cells, with specific test conditions an
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