IEC 62037-1:2021
(Main)Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
IEC 62037-1:2021 deals with the general requirements and measuring methods for intermodulation (IM) level measurement of passive RF and microwave components, which can be caused by the presence of two or more transmitting signals. The test procedures given in this document give the general requirements and measurement methods required to characterize the level of unwanted IM signals using two transmitting signals. The IEC 62037 series addresses the measurement of PIM, but does not cover the long-term reliability of a product with reference to its performance. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2012. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. clarification added that test equipment may utilize pulsed generators to reduce power consumption;
b. heating effect differences in the device under test noted in Annex B for tests conducted using pulsed generators;
c. guidance added in Annex B to improve probability of detection of short duration PIM events while dynamic testing.
Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d'intermodulation - Partie 1: Exigences générales et méthodes de mesure
L'IEC 62037-1:2021 est applicable aux exigences générales et aux méthodes de mesure du niveau d’intermodulation (IM) des composants RF et à micro-ondes passifs, qui peut être provoquée par la présence de deux ou plusieurs signaux d’émission. Les procédures d’essai présentées dans le présent document donnent les exigences générales et les méthodes de mesure exigées pour caractériser le niveau des signaux d’intermodulation indésirables à l’aide de deux signaux d’émission. La série IEC 62037 porte sur la mesure de l’intermodulation passive (PIM), mais ne couvre pas la fiabilité à long terme des produits par rapport à ses performances. Cette seconde édition annule et remplace la première édition parue en 2012. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l’édition précédente:
a. ajout d’une clarification au fait que le matériel d’essai peut utiliser des générateurs à impulsions pour réduire la consommation de puissance;
b. description des différences d’effet de chauffage sur le dispositif en essai à l’Annexe B dans les essais réalisés avec des générateurs à impulsions;
c. ajout de recommandations à l’Annexe B pour améliorer la probabilité de détection d’événements d’intermodulation passive de courte durée lors des essais dynamiques.
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IEC 62037-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2021-11
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INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
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Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
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IEC 62037-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2021-11
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.040.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-5087-7
– 2 – IEC 62037-1:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 5
3.1 Terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 5
4 Characteristics of intermodulation products . 6
5 Principle of test procedure . 6
6 Test set-up . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Test equipment . 7
6.2.1 General . 7
6.2.2 Set-up 1 . 7
6.2.3 Set-up 2 . 8
7 Preparation of DUT and test equipment . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Guidelines for minimizing generation of passive intermodulation . 8
8 Test procedure . 10
9 Reporting. 10
9.1 Results . 10
9.2 Example of results . 10
10 Measurement error . 10
Annex A (informative) Configuration of low-PIM termination . 11
A.1 General . 11
A.2 Configuration of low-PIM terminations . 11
A.2.1 Long cable termination . 11
A.2.2 Lumped termination with a linear attenuator . 11
Annex B (informative) Test procedure considerations . 13
B.1 General PIM variation versus frequency . 13
B.2 Stepped frequency sweep method . 13
B.3 Fixed frequency method . 13
B.4 Dynamic PIM testing . 13
B.5 Heating effects . 13
Figure 1 – Set-up 1: reverse IM-test set-up . 11
Figure 2 – Set-up 2: forward IM-test set-up . 12
Figure 3 – Passive intermodulation (PIM) measurement error caused by residual
system error . 10
Figure A.1 – Long cable termination . 11
Figure A.2 – Lumped termination with a linear attenuator . 12
Table 1 – Guide for the design, selection of materials and handling of components that
may can be susceptive susceptible to PIM generation . 9
Table 2 – Test set-up conditions . 10
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This redline version of the official IEC Standard allows the user to identify the changes made to
the previous edition IEC 62037-1:2012. A vertical bar appears in the margin wherever a change
has been made. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough red text.
– 4 – IEC 62037-1:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
IEC 62037-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 46: Cables, wires, waveguides, RF
connectors, RF and microwave passive components and accessories. It is an International
Standard.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2012. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) clarification added that test equipment may utilize pulsed generators to reduce power
consumption;
b) heating effect differences in the device under test noted in Annex B for tests conducted
using pulsed generators;
c) guidance added in Annex B to improve probability of detection of short duration PIM events
while dynamic testing.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
46/834/FDIS 46/855/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 62037 (all parts).
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62037 series, published under the general title Passive RF and
microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62037 deals with the general requirements and measuring methods for
intermodulation (IM) level measurement of passive RF and microwave co
...
IEC 62037-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2021-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d’intermodulation –
Partie 1: Exigences générales et méthodes de mesure
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
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About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC online collection - oc.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews. With a subscription you will always
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced have access to up to date content tailored to your needs.
and withdrawn publications.
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containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and
and French, with equivalent terms in 18 additional languages.
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IEC 62037-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2021-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d’intermodulation –
Partie 1: Exigences générales et méthodes de mesure
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.040.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-1050-8
– 2 – IEC 62037-1:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 5
3.1 Terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 5
4 Characteristics of intermodulation products . 6
5 Principle of test procedure . 6
6 Test set-up . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Test equipment . 7
6.2.1 General . 7
6.2.2 Set-up 1 . 7
6.2.3 Set-up 2 . 8
7 Preparation of DUT and test equipment . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Guidelines for minimizing generation of passive intermodulation . 8
8 Test procedure . 9
9 Reporting. 10
9.1 Results . 10
9.2 Example of results . 10
10 Measurement error . 10
Annex A (informative) Configuration of low-PIM termination . 13
A.1 General . 13
A.2 Configuration of low-PIM terminations . 13
A.2.1 Long cable termination . 13
A.2.2 Lumped termination with a linear attenuator . 13
Annex B (informative) Test procedure considerations . 15
B.1 PIM variation versus frequency . 15
B.2 Stepped frequency sweep method . 15
B.3 Fixed frequency method . 15
B.4 Dynamic PIM testing . 15
B.5 Heating effects . 15
Figure 1 – Set-up 1: reverse IM-test set-up . 11
Figure 2 – Set-up 2: forward IM-test set-up . 11
Figure 3 – Passive intermodulation (PIM) measurement error caused by residual
system error . 12
Figure A.1 – Long cable termination . 13
Figure A.2 – Lumped termination with a linear attenuator . 14
Table 1 – Guide for the design, selection of materials and handling of components that
can be susceptible to PIM generation . 9
Table 2 – Test set-up conditions . 10
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62037-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 46: Cables, wires, waveguides, RF
connectors, RF and microwave passive components a
...
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