IEC 62037-1:2012
(Main)Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
IEC 62037-1:2012 is applicable to the general requirements and measuring methods for intermodulation (IM) level measurement of passive RF and microwave components, which can be caused by the presence of two or more transmitting signals. This first edition of IEC 62037-1 replaces IEC 62037, published in 1999. It constitutes a technical revision. This standard is part of the IEC 62037 series which addresses the measurement of PIM, but does not cover the long term reliability of a product with reference to its performance. This standard is to be used in conjunction with other appropriate part(s) of IEC 62037.
Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure de niveau d'intermodulation - Partie 1: Exigences générales et méthodes de mesure
La CEI 62037-1:2012 est applicable aux exigences générales et méthodes de mesure pour la mesure du niveau d'intermodulation (IM) des composants RF et à micro-ondes passifs, qui peut être provoquée par la présence de deux ou plusieurs signaux d'émission. Les procédures d'essai présentées dans la cette norme donnent les exigences générales et les méthodes de mesure exigées pour caractériser le niveau des signaux d'intermodulation indésirables à l'aide de deux signaux d'émission. La présente série de normes concerne la mesure de l'intermodulation passive (PIM), mais ne couvre pas la fiabilité à long terme des produits par rapport à ses performances. La présente norme s'utilise conjointement avec les autres parties appropriées de la CEI 62037.
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IEC 62037-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
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IEC 62037-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
Q
ICS 33.040.20 ISBN 978-2-83220-110-7
– 2 – 62037-1 IEC:2012(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references. 5
3 Abbreviations . 5
4 Characteristics of intermodulation products . 5
5 Principle of test procedure . 6
6 Test set-up . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Test equipment . 6
6.2.1 General . 6
6.2.2 Set-up 1 . 7
6.2.3 Set-up 2 . 8
7 Preparation of DUT and test equipment . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Guidelines for minimizing generation of passive intermodulation. 8
8 Test procedure . 10
9 Reporting . 10
9.1 Results . 10
9.2 Example of results . 10
10 Measurement error . 11
Annex A (informative) Configuration of low-PIM termination . 15
Annex B (informative) Test procedure considerations . 17
Figure 1 – Set-up 1; reverse IM-test set-up . 12
Figure 2 – Set-up 2; forward IM-test set-up . 13
Figure 3 – Passive intermodulation (PIM) measurement error caused by residual system
error . 14
Figure A.1 – Long cable termination . 15
Figure A.2 – Lumped termination with a linear attenuator . 16
Table 1 – Guide for the design, selection of materials and handling of components that
may be susceptive to PIM generation . 9
Table 2 – Test set-up conditions . 10
62037-1 IEC:2012(E) – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62037-1 has been prepared by technical committee 46: Cables,
wires, waveguides, R.F. connectors, R.F. and microwave passive components and
accessories.
This first edition of IEC 62037-1 replaces IEC 62037, published in 1999. It constitutes a
technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
46/402/FDIS 46/416/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
– 4 – 62037-1 IEC:2012(E)
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62037 series, published under the general title Passive RF and
microwave devices intermodulation level measurement, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this standard may be issued at a later date.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
62037-1 IEC:2012(E) – 5 –
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62037 deals with the general requirements and measuring methods for
intermodulation (IM) level measurement of passive RF and microwave components, which can
be caused by the presence of two or more transmitting signals.
The test procedures given in this standard give the general requirements and measurement
methods required to characterize the level of unwanted IM signals using two transmitting
signals.
The standards in this series address the measurement of PIM, but do not cover the long term
reliability of a product with reference to its performance.
This standard is to be used in conjunction with other appropriate part(s) of IEC 62037.
2 Normative references
None.
3 Abbreviations
CATV Community antenna television
DUT Device under test
IM Intermodulation
PIM Passive intermodulation
4 Characteristics of intermodulation products
PIM interference is caused by sources of non-linearity of mostly unknown nature, location and
behaviour. A few examples are inter-metallic contacts, choice of materials, corrosion products,
dirt, etc. Most of these effects are subject to changes over time due to mechanical stress,
temperature changes, variations in material characteristics (cold flow, etc.) and climatic
changes, etc.
The generation of intermodulation products originates from point-sources inside a DUT and
propagate equally in all available directions.
The generation of passive intermodulation products (PIM) does not necessarily follow the law
of the usual non-linear equation of quadratic form. Therefore, accurate calculation to other
power levels causing the intermodulation is not possible and PIM comparisons should be made
at the same power level.
Furthermore, PIM generation can be frequency-dependent. When PIM generation is frequency-
dependant, the PIM performance shall be investigated over the specified frequency band.
– 6 – 62037-1 IEC:2012(E)
5 Principle of test procedure
Test signals of frequencies f and f with equal specified test port power levels are combined
1 2
and fed to the DUT. The test signals should contain at least 10 dB less harmonic or self-
intermodulation signal level than the expected level generated in the DUT.
The PIM is measured over the specified frequency range. The intermodulation products of
order (2f ± f ), (2f ± f ) etc. are measured.
1 2 2 1
...
IEC 62037-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d’intermodulation –
Partie 1: Exigences générales et méthodes de mesure
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
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About the IEC
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International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
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IEC 62037-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d’intermodulation –
Partie 1: Exigences générales et méthodes de mesure
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX Q
ICS 33.040.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-1350-6
– 2 – 62037-1 IEC:2012
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references. 5
3 Abbreviations . 5
4 Characteristics of intermodulation products . 5
5 Principle of test procedure . 6
6 Test set-up . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Test equipment . 6
6.2.1 General . 6
6.2.2 Set-up 1 . 7
6.2.3 Set-up 2 . 8
7 Preparation of DUT and test equipment . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Guidelines for minimizing generation of passive intermodulation. 8
8 Test procedure . 10
9 Reporting . 10
9.1 Results . 10
9.2 Example of results . 10
10 Measurement error . 11
Annex A (informative) Configuration of low-PIM termination . 15
Annex B (informative) Test procedure considerations . 17
Figure 1 – Set-up 1; reverse IM-test set-up . 12
Figure 2 – Set-up 2; forward IM-test set-up . 13
Figure 3 – Passive intermodulation (PIM) measurement error caused by residual system
error . 14
Figure A.1 – Long cable termination . 15
Figure A.2 – Lumped termination with a linear attenuator . 16
Table 1 – Guide for the design, selection of materials and handling of components that
may be susceptive to PIM generation . 9
Table 2 – Test set-up conditions . 10
62037-1 IEC:2012 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62037-1 has been prepared by technical committee 46: Cables,
wires, waveguides, R.F. connectors, R.F. and microwave passive components and
accessories.
This bilingual version (2014-01) corresponds to the monolingual English version, published in
2012-05.
This first edition of IEC 62037-1 replaces IEC 62037, published in 1999. It constitutes a
technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
46/402/FDIS 46/416/RVD
– 4 – 62037-1 IEC:2012
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can b
...
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