IEC 60086-4:2000
(Main)Primary batteries - Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
Primary batteries - Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
Specifies tests and requirements for primary lithium batteries to ensure their safe operation under intended use or reasonably foreseeable misuse.
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD
60086-4
Second edition
2000-03
Primary batteries –
Part 4:
Safety of lithium batteries
Piles électriques –
Partie 4:
Sécurité des piles au lithium
Reference number
Numbering
As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the
60000 series.
Consolidated publications
Consolidated versions of some IEC publications including amendments are
available. For example, edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the
base publication, the base publication incorporating amendment 1 and the base
publication incorporating amendments 1 and 2.
Validity of this publication
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC,
thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology.
Information relating to the date of the reconfirmation of the publication is available
in the IEC catalogue.
Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken
by the technical committee which has prepared this publication, as well as the list
of publications issued, is to be found at the following IEC sources:
• IEC web site*
•
Catalogue of IEC publications
Published yearly with regular updates
(On-line catalogue)*
• IEC Bulletin
Available both at the IEC web site* and as a printed periodical
Terminology, graphical and letter symbols
For general terminology, readers are referred to IEC 60050: International
Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV).
For graphical symbols, and letter symbols and signs approved by the IEC for
general use, readers are referred to publications IEC 60027: Letter symbols to be
used in electrical technology, IEC 60417: Graphical symbols for use on equipment.
Index, survey and compilation of the single sheets and IEC 60617: Graphical symbols
for diagrams.
* See web site address on title page.
INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD
60086-4
Second edition
2000-03
Primary batteries –
Part 4:
Safety of lithium batteries
Piles électriques –
Partie 4:
Sécurité des piles au lithium
IEC 2000 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
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Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site http://www.iec.ch
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
PRICE CODE
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International Electrotechnical Commission
For price, see current catalogue
– 2 – 60086-4 © IEC:2000(E)
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION .5
Clause
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative reference . 6
3 Definitions. 6
4 Requirements for safety . 8
4.1 Design . 8
4.2 Quality plan . 8
5 Sampling. 9
6 Testing and requirements. 9
6.1 General. 9
6.1.1 Safety notice. 9
6.1.2 Ambient temperature. 9
6.1.3 Explosion levels . 9
6.1.4 Determination of weight loss . 10
6.1.5 Predischarge. 10
6.1.6 Additional batteries . 10
6.2 Intended use. 10
6.2.1 Sampling, test sequence and requirements . 10
6.2.2 Test procedures . 12
6.3 Reasonably foreseeable misuse . 15
6.3.1 Sampling, test sequence and requirements . 15
6.3.2 Test procedures . 18
7 Information for safety . 24
7.1 Safety precautions during design of equipment . 24
7.1.1 Charge protection . 24
7.1.2 Parallel connection . 24
7.2 Safety precautions during handling of batteries. 24
7.3 Safety precautions during packaging, handling, transportation, display, storage
and disposal . 26
7.3.1 Packaging. 26
7.3.2 Handling of battery cartons . 26
7.3.3 Transportation. 27
7.3.4 Display and storage . 27
7.3.5 Disposal. 27
8 Instructions for use . 28
9 Marking. 28
9.1 General. 28
9.2 Small batteries. 28
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for the achievement of safety of lithium batteries. 29
Annex B (informative) Guidelines for designers of equipment using lithium batteries . 30
Annex C (informative) Additional information on display and storage. 32
Bibliography . 33
60086-4 © IEC:2000(E) – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PRIMARY BATTERIES –
Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the
two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National
Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60086-4 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 35:
Primary cells and batteries.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1996, and constitutes
a technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
35/1114/FDIS 35/1125/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Annexes A, B and C are for information only.
– 4 – 60086-4 © IEC:2000(E)
IEC 60086 consists of the following parts, under the general title Primary batteries:
– Part 1: General
– Part 2: Specification sheets
– Part 3: Watch batteries
– Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
– Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged
until 2002.
At this date the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
60086-4 © IEC:2000(E) – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
The concept of safety is closely related to safeguarding the integrity of people and property.
This standard specifies requirements and tests for lithium batteries and has been prepared in
accordance with ISO/IEC guidelines, taking into account all relevant national and international
standards which apply.
Lithium batteries are different from conventional primary batteries using aqueous electrolyte
in that they contain flammable materials.
Consequently, it is important to take safety precautions very carefully during design,
production, distribution, use, and disposal of lithium batteries. Based on such special
characteristics, lithium batteries for consumer applications were initially small in size and had
low power output. There were also lithium batteries with high power output which were used
for special industrial applications and were characterized as being “technician replaceable”.
The first edition of IEC 60086-4 (1996) was drafted to accommodate the above situation.
However, from around the end of the 1980s, lithium batteries with high power output have
started to be widely used in the consumer replacement market, mainly as a power source in
camera applications.
Since the demand for such lithium batteries with high power output has significantly increased
in recent years, various manufacturers have started to produce these types of lithium
batteries. As a consequence of this situation, the safety aspects for lithium batteries with high
power output have been included in this second edition of IEC 60086-4.
Safety is a balance between freedom from hazard and other requirements to be met by the
product. There can be no absolute safety. Even at the highest level of safety, the product can
only be relatively safe. In this respect, decision-making is based on risk evaluation and safety
judgement.
As safety will pose different problems, it is impossible to provide a set of precise provisions
and recommendations that will apply in every case. However, this standard, when followed on
a judicious “use when applicable” basis, will provide reasonably consistent standards for
safety.
– 6 – 60086-4 © IEC:2000(E)
PRIMARY BATTERIES –
Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies tests and requirements for primary lithium batteries to
ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse.
2 Normative reference
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent
amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to
agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility
of applying the most recent edition of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC
and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60086-1:1996, Primary batteries – Part 1: General
3 Definitions
For the purpose of t
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