TC 35 - Primary cells and batteries

IEC 62281:2019 is available as IEC 62281:2019 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 62281:2019 specifies test methods and requirements for primary and secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries to ensure their safety during transport other than for recycling or disposal. Requirements specified in this document do not apply in those cases where special provisions given in the relevant regulations, listed in 7.3, provide exemptions. NOTE Different standards may apply for lithium-ion traction battery systems used for electrically propelled road vehicles. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2016. This edition constitutes a technical revision.This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) button cell definition revised, moved to coin (cell or battery);
b) addition of provisions for batteries forming an integral part of equipment (5.4);
c) all tests for secondary cells and batteries now also contain a requirement for 25 charge and recharge cycles prior to the test;
d) addition of alternative tables for Table 1 and Table 2 in Annex B;
e) addition of "forcible" to the rupture criteria;
f) test report 6.8 merged with test certificate 6.9 and replaced with the items listed in [13];
g) addition of an informative Annex B with important deviations from the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Chapter 38.3.
Keywords: transport of primary lithium cells and batteries

IEC 60086-5:2021 is available as IEC 60086-5:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60086-5:2021 specifies tests and requirements for primary batteries with aqueous electrolyte to ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse.
The contents of the corrigendum of June 2022 have been included in this copy.

IEC 60086-1:2021 is available as IEC 60086-1:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60086-1:2021 is intended to standardize primary batteries with respect to dimensions, nomenclature, terminal configurations, markings, test methods, typical performance, safety and environmental aspects. This document on one side specifies requirements for primary cells and batteries. On the other side, this document also specifies procedures of how requirements for these batteries are to be standardised. As a classification tool for primary batteries, this document specifies system letters, electrodes, electrolytes, and nominal as well as maximum open circuit voltage of electrochemical systems. The object of this part of IEC 60086 is to benefit primary battery users, device designers and battery manufacturers by ensuring that batteries from different manufacturers are interchangeable according to standard form, fit and function. Furthermore, to ensure compliance with the above, this part specifies standard test methods for testing primary cells and batteries.
The contents of the corrigendum of June 2022 have been included in this copy.

IEC 60086-2:2021 is applicable to primary batteries which are based on standardised electrochemical systems.
It specifies
– the physical dimensions,
– the discharge test conditions and discharge performance requirements.
The contents of the corrigendum of June 2022 have been included in this copy.

IEC 60086-3:2021 is available as IEC 60086-3:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60086-3-5:2021 specifies dimensions, designation, methods of tests and requirements for primary batteries for watches. In several cases, a menu of test methods is given. When presenting battery electrical characteristics and/or performance data, the manufacturer specifies which test method was used.
The contents of the corrigendum of June 2023 have been included in this copy.

IEC 60086-6:2020 applies to all chemistries of portable primary cells and batteries standardized in the 60086 series.
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on the proper scientific protocols for testing the environmental performance of batteries; the symbols used to convey messages for collection, recycling, or other ideas; and the aspects and functional unit(s) to be included in assessing the environmental impact of batteries with modern life-cycle analysis techniques

IEC 60086-4:2019 is available as IEC 60086-4:2019 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60086-4:2019 specifies tests and requirements for primary lithium batteries to ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. NOTE Primary lithium batteries that are standardized in IEC 60086-2 are expected to meet all applicable requirements herein. It is understood that consideration of this part of IEC 60086 might also be given to measuring and/or ensuring the safety of non-standardized primary lithium batteries. In either case, no claim or warranty is made that compliance or non-compliance with this standard will fulfil or not fulfil any of the user’s particular purposes or needs. This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Revised criteria for an explosion;
b) Addition of test parameters for the overdischarge test of battery types FR14505 and FR10G445;
c) Addition of a new subclause 5.1 Validity of Testing;
d) revised pictogram E in Table D.1;
e) Addition of Annex E with requirements for child resistant packaging of coin cells;
f) Addition of Annex F with recommendations on the use of the KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN safety sign.
Keywords: lithium batteries
The contents of the corrigendum of October 2019 and April 2020 and the Interpretation sheet of May 2020 have been included in this copy.

IEC 62281:2016 is available as IEC 62281:2016 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 62281:2016 specifies test methods and requirements for primary and secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries to ensure their safety during transport other than for recycling or disposal. Requirements specified in this standard do not apply in those cases where special provisions given in the relevant regulations, listed in 7.3, provide exemptions.
NOTE - Different standards may apply for lithium-ion traction battery systems used for electrically propelled road vehicles.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 2012, and constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Deletion of the wire mesh screen from the evaluation of test criteria for an explosion;
- Extension / modification of the shock test parameters so as to achieve constant energy behaviour for large batteries as well as explanations in a new Annex A;
- Modification of the external short-circuit method so as to allow the short-circuit to be applied to large batteries after they have been removed from the temperature chamber;
- Change of the cell diameter distinguishing between impact and crush test from 20 mm to 18 mm;
- Addition of possible content for a transport certificate.

IEC 60086-5:2016 is available as IEC 60086-5:2016 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60086-5:2016 specifies tests and requirements for primary batteries with aqueous electrolyte to ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2011. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- The definition of explosion was changed to suitable sentence in order to harmonize in IEC 60086 series;
- To prevent removal of hydrogen gas, we revised it to the suitable sentence;
- To prevent misuse, the battery compartments with parallel connections were revised to the suitable sentence;
- To clarify the method to determine the insulation resistance. Keywords: tests and requirements for primary batteries

IEC 60086-3:2016 is available as IEC 60086-3:2016 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60086-3:2016 specifies dimensions, designation, methods of tests and requirements for primary batteries for watches. In several cases, a menu of test methods is given. When presenting battery electrical characteristics and/or performance data, the manufacturer specifies which test method was used. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2011. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- A harmonization of the cell sizes and service output tests with IEC 60086-2;
- Clarifications of Clauses 6: Sampling and Quality Assurance, 7: Test methods, and 8: Visual examination and acceptance condition;
- Harmonization of temperature and humidity conditions with IEC 60086-1. This publication is published as a double logo standard. Keywords: primary batteries for watches

IEC 60086-2:2015 is applicable to primary batteries based on standardized electrochemical systems. It specifies the physical dimensions, the discharge test conditions and discharge performance requirements. This thirteenth edition cancels and replaces the twelfth edition (2011) and constitutes a technical revision. Significant changes from the previous edition are test changes to battery types R03, LR03, R6, LR6, PR70, PR41, PR48, 6F22, 6LR61, 6LP3146 4LR25-2, R14, LR14, R20, LR20, CR2025, and CR2032, adding the 5AR40 back into the standard, addition of common designations, addition of two new battery types FR14505 and FR10G445, deletion of battery types LR53, R40, 2EP3863, 6F100, and general editorial changes. Keywords: primary batteries, electrochemical systems

IEC 60086-1:2015 is available as IEC 60086-1:2015 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60086-1:2015 is intended to standardize primary batteries with respect to dimensions, nomenclature, terminal configurations, markings, test methods, typical performance, safety and environmental aspects. As a primary battery classification tool, electrochemical systems are also standardized with respect to system letter, electrodes, electrolyte, nominal and maximum open circuit voltage. The object of this part of IEC 60086 is to benefit primary battery users, device designers and battery manufacturers by ensuring that batteries from different manufacturers are interchangeable according to standard form, fit and function. Furthermore, to ensure compliance with the above, this part specifies standard test methods for testing primary cells and batteries. This twelfth edition cancels and replaces the eleventh edition (2011) and constitutes a technical revision. The major technical changes with respect to the previous edition are:
- the order of the Annexes was changed to the order in which they appearin the document and a caption was added to indicate where the Annex information first appears in the document;
- the humidity conditions for non P-system batteries in Table 3 was modified;
- the standard discharge voltage for the Y and W chemistries was determined to be at 3,5 V and 2,8 V respectively;
- details on capacity measurement were moved from Annex E to Subclause 5.1.
- the coin/button cell and battery definition was clarified in order to better address issues with the swallowing of coin cells. Keywords: fundamental requirements and information on primary cells and batteries

IEC 60086-4:2014 specifies tests and requirements for primary lithium batteries to ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2007. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Harmonisation with the second edition of IEC 62281;
- Alternative protective circuits in 7.1.1;
- More information regarding risks of swallowing lithium batteries in (former) 7.2.m) and promotion of this item to 7.2a);
- A new Annex D with pictograms for some of the safety precautions in 7.2. Keywords: lithium batteries

IEC 62281:2012 specifies test methods and requirements for primary and secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries to ensure their safety during transport other than for recycling or disposal. Requirements specified in this standard do not apply in those cases where special provisions given in the relevant regulations, listed in 7.3, provide exemptions. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 2004, and constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- distinction between small and large cell or battery by gross mass rather than by lithium content or Watt-hour rating ("nominal" energy);
- combination of the no mass loss (NM) and no leakage (NL) criteria into one criteria (NL);
- extension of an acceptable mass loss of 0,2 % from 5 g to 75 g mass of a cell or battery;
- reduction of large batteries to be tested under tests T-1 to T-5 and T-8 from 4 to 2 samples;
- reduction of test samples required for small battery assemblies (5.2.2);
- reduction of the vibration amplitude to 2 g for large batteries in T-3 vibration test method;
- replacement of the impact test by the crush test for prismatic, pouch, button, and coin cells as well as cylindrical cells with no more than 20 mm in diameter. Keywords: safety during transportion, primary and secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries

IEC 60086-5:2011 specifies tests and requirements for primary batteries with aqueous electrolyte to ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. The major technical changes with respect to the previous edition are the test requirements and the harmonization of the marking clause with the other standards of the IEC 60086 series. Moreover, the table of safety pictograms was added as Annex C.

IEC 60086-2:2011 is applicable to primary batteries based on standardized electrochemical systems. It specifies the physical dimensions; and the discharge test conditions and discharge performance requirements. Significant changes from the previous edition are the deletion of eight battery types from this standard, the addition of an air hole placement diagram and deletion of the resistive hearing aid tests for the P-system (zinc air) hearing aid batteries, standardization of a new form of alkaline (L-system) 9 volt battery (6LP3146), addition of a common designation reference as Annex D and general adjustment of application tests and their minimum average duration values to reflect changes in battery usage.

IEC 60086-1:2011 is intended to standardize primary batteries with respect to dimensions, nomenclature, terminal configurations, markings, test methods, typical performance, safety and environmental aspects. The object of IEC 60086-1 is to benefit primary battery users, device designers and battery manufacturers by ensuring that batteries from different manufacturers are interchangeable according to standard form, fit and function. The major technical changes with respect to the previous edition are:
- the clarification of the humidity controls for testing various battery types;
- the modification of the standardization guidelines to allow for standardization of electrochemical systems;
- the standardization of the lithium sulfuryl chloride (LiSO2Cl2) and lithium sulphur dioxide (LiSO2) electrochemical systems.

IEC 60086-3:2011 specifies dimensions, designation, methods of tests and requirements for primary batteries for watches. In several cases, a menu of test methods is given. When presenting battery electrical characteristics and/or performance data, the manufacturer specifies which test method was used. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (2004) and constitutes a technical revision. The major technical changes with respect to the previous edition are the drawings, a review of the table of electrochemical systems and a harmonization of the marking clause with the other standards of the IEC 60086 series. Moreover, the table of the leakage levels was extended by adding drawings with better visualization. This publication is published as a double logo standard. The contents of the corrigendum of September 2011 have been included in this copy. This bilingual version (2014-01) corresponds to the monolingual English version, published in 2011-01. Keywords: requirements and information for primary watch batteries.

Specifies tests and requirements for primary lithium batteries to ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. The major technical changes, with regard to the previous edition, concern the harmonisation with IEC 62281.

This part of IEC 60086 is applicable to primary batteries based on standardized electrochemical systems. It specifies the physical dimensions, and the discharge test conditions and discharge performance requirements. The major technical changes are the addition of a "digital still camera test" for the LR6 battery, the reduction, for selected no letter batteries, from three grades (S, C and P) to two grades (S and P) with appropriate adjustments to MAD values, the deletion of the 3,6 ohm pulse test for the R03 battery, and the addition of new constant current hearing aid tests (standard and high drain) for the PR41, PR44, PR48 and PR70 batteries.

IEC 60086 standardizes primary batteries with respect to their electrochemical system, dimensions, nomenclature, terminal configurations, markings, test methods, typical performance, safety and environmental aspects. The major technical changes concern the addition of "Test condition tolerances" in 6.6 and the standardization of the "Z" electrochemical system (Nickel oxyhydroxide) included in Table 3.

This part of IEC 60086 specifies tests and requirements for primary batteries with aqueous electrolyte to ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse.

This part of IEC 60086 specifies dimensions, designation, methods of tests and requirements for primary batteries for watches. In several cases, a list of test methods is given. When presenting battery electrical characteristics and/or performance data, the manufacturer should specify which test method was used.

Specifies test methods and requirements for primary and secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries to ensure their safety during transport other than for recycling or disposal. Has the status of a group safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.

Applicable to primary batteries based on standardized electrochemical systems, it specifies the physical dimensions, the discharge test conditions, and the discharge performance requirements.

The contents of the corrigendum of July 1967 have been included in this copy.

Standardizes primary batteries with respect to their electrochemical system, dimensions, nomenclature, terminal configurations, markings, test methods, typical performance safety and environmental aspects.

Specifies tests and requirements for primary batteries with aqueous electrolyte to ensure their safe operation under normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Has the status of a group safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.

Specifies tests and requirements for primary lithium batteries to ensure their safe operation under intended use or reasonably foreseeable misuse.

Provides information relevant to the safe design of batteries and battery powered devices together with appropriate cautionary advice to consumers. This report is primarily intended to be used by battery manufacturers, equipment manufacturers, designers, standard writers, consumer organizations, and charger manufacturers. This report may also be of assistance to educational authorities, users, procurement personnel, and regulatory authorities.