IEC 62709:2024
(Main)Radiation protection instrumentation - Security screening of humans - Measuring the imaging performance of X-ray systems
Radiation protection instrumentation - Security screening of humans - Measuring the imaging performance of X-ray systems
IEC 62709:2024 applies to security screening systems that utilize X-ray radiation and are used to inspect people who are not inside vehicles, containers, or enclosures. Specifically, this document applies to systems used to detect objects carried on or within the body of the individual being inspected. The objective is to provide standard methods of measuring and reporting imaging quality characteristics that enable system manufacturers, potential system users and other interested parties to:
a) Establish a consistent indicator of the expected technical performance of screening systems used for the inspection of individuals. Such technical performance testing complements explicit detection testing and evaluation. In this document "detection" refers to items in an image.
b) Provide repeatable and verifiable imaging performance data that can be used to compare systems from different vendors.
c) Establish a baseline that can be used over time to calibrate the system or detect any performance degradation. (It is not intended that the entire test method be employed for daily quality assurance testing.)
d) Establish minimum acceptable performance requirements for the systems described above.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2014. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Clarified the test procedures to maintain consistency with IEC 62463.
b) Changed the term "spatial resolution" to "pentalith resolution".
c) Modified some standard test conditions.
d) Modified some terms and definitions.
e) Changed the imaging requirements for transmission general-use systems.
Instrumentation pour la radioprotection - Contrôle de sécurité des individus - Mesure des performances de l'imagerie des systèmes radiographiques aux rayons X
IEC 62709:2024 est disponible sous forme de IEC 62709:2024 RLV qui contient la Norme internationale et sa version Redline, illustrant les modifications du contenu technique depuis l'édition précédente.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 62709 ®
Edition 2.0 2024-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Radiation protection instrumentation – Security screening of humans –
Measuring the imaging performance of X-ray systems
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Secretariat Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews, graphical symbols and the glossary.
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced With a subscription you will always have access to up to date
and withdrawn publications. content tailored to your needs.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
details all new publications released. Available online and once
containing more than 22 500 terminological entries in English
a month by email.
and French, with equivalent terms in 25 additional languages.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
(IEV) online.
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need
further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
IEC 62709 ®
Edition 2.0 2024-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Radiation protection instrumentation – Security screening of humans –
Measuring the imaging performance of X-ray systems
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.280 ISBN 978-2-8322-9243-3
– 2 – IEC 62709:2024 © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms, quantities and units . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 12
3.3 Quantities and units . 12
4 Imaging performance evaluation procedures . 12
4.1 General characteristics and test procedures . 12
4.2 Location of testing . 13
4.3 Body phantom and test objects . 14
4.4 Pentalith resolution test . 15
4.4.1 Purpose . 15
4.4.2 Test object description . 16
4.4.3 Procedure . 16
4.4.4 Evaluation and record . 16
4.5 Wire detection test . 16
4.5.1 Purpose . 16
4.5.2 Test object description . 17
4.5.3 Procedure . 17
4.5.4 Evaluation and record . 17
4.6 Materials detection on body test . 18
4.6.1 General . 18
4.6.2 Purpose . 18
4.6.3 Test object description . 18
4.6.4 Procedure . 18
4.6.5 Evaluation and record . 18
4.7 Materials detection in air test . 18
4.7.1 General . 18
4.7.2 Purpose . 19
4.7.3 Test object description . 19
4.7.4 Procedure . 19
4.7.5 Evaluation and record . 19
4.8 Penetration test . 19
4.8.1 General . 19
4.8.2 Purpose . 19
4.8.3 Test object description . 20
4.8.4 Procedure . 20
4.8.5 Evaluation and record . 20
5 Minimum acceptable imaging performance . 20
6 Environmental requirements . 21
Annex A (normative) Mechanical drawings of the test objects . 22
Annex B (informative) Example of reporting form . 35
Annex C (informative) Image resolution measurement using the pentalith . 37
C.1 General . 37
C.2 Strategy . 37
C.3 Pentalith description . 37
C.4 Pass/fail criterion . 40
C.5 Repeatability . 41
Annex D (informative) Comparison of whole body imaging systems . 42
Bibliography . 43
Figure 1 – Generic illustration of the testing configuration showing a HDPE body
phantom with a test object on one end supported 1 m off the ground . 13
Figure 2 – Body phantom and test objects . 15
Figure A.1 – Components of the test phantom . 22
Figure A.2 – Material detection in air phantom . 23
Figure A.3 – Subassembly of the material detection in air phantom (Figure A.2), metal
comb, three teeth . 23
Figure A.4 – Subassembly of the material detection in air phantom (Figure A.2), metal
comb, two teeth . 24
Figure A.5 – Subassembly of the material detection in air phantom (Figure A.2), metal
comb, one tooth . 24
Figure A.6 – Subassembly of the material detection in air phantom (Figure A.2), plastic
comb . 25
Figure A.7 – Subassembly of the material detection in air phantom (Figure A.2),
mounting sheet . 25
Figure A.8 – Material detection on body 1 . 26
Figure A.9 – Material detection on body 2 . 26
Figure A.10 – Wire detection phantom . 27
Figure A.11 – Subassembly of the wire detection phantom (Figure A.10), mounting
base . 27
Figure A.12 – Subassembly of the wire detection phantom (Figure A.10), cover . 28
Figure A.13 – Pentalith resolution phantom . 29
Figure A.14 – Subassembly of the pentalith resolution phantom (Figure A.13),
mounting base . 30
Figure A.15 – Subassembly of the pentalith resolution phantom (Figure A.13); hole
placement in mounting base . 31
Figure A.16 – Subassembly of the pentalith resolution phantom (Figure A.13), cover . 32
Figure A.17 – Body phantom, 55 mm thick . 32
Figure A.18 – Body phantom, 75 mm thick . 33
Figure A.19 – Body phantom, 50 mm thick . 33
Figure A.20 – Storing space . 34
Figure C.1 – Dimensional design of the pentalith pattern . 38
Figure C.2 – Example of a pentalith overlying a pixel grid . 38
Figure C.3 – Example of a pentalith test phantom suitable for optical measurements . 39
Figure C.4 – Example of a pentalith test phantom suitable for X-ray imaging . 39
Figure C.5 – Example of using image thresholding as an objective pass/fail criterion . 41
Table 1 – Wire sizes for the wire detection test . 17
Table 2 – Minimum acceptable imaging performance at the reference location . 20
– 4 – IEC 62709:2024 © IEC 2024
Table 3 – Standard test conditions . 21
Table D.1 – Comparison of whole body imaging systems for security screening . 42
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION –
SECURITY SCREENING OF HUMANS –
MEASURING THE IMAGING PERFORMANCE OF X-RAY SYSTEMS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standar
...
IEC 62709 ®
Edition 2.0 2024-09
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Radiation protection instrumentation – Security screening of humans –
Measuring the imaging performance of X-ray systems
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Secretariat Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews, graphical symbols and the glossary.
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced With a subscription you will always have access to up to date
and withdrawn publications. content tailored to your needs.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
details all new publications released. Available online and once
containing more than 22 500 terminological entries in English
a month by email.
and French, with equivalent terms in 25 additional languages.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
(IEV) online.
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need
further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
IEC 62709 ®
Edition 2.0 2024-09
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Radiation protection instrumentation – Security screening of humans –
Measuring the imaging performance of X-ray systems
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.280 ISBN 978-2-8322-9743-8
– 2 – IEC 62709:2024 RLV © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 2
1 Scope and object . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms, quantities and units . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 13
3.3 Quantities and units . 13
4 Imaging performance evaluation procedures . 13
4.1 General characteristics and test procedures . 13
4.2 Location of testing . 13
4.3 Body phantom and test objects . 15
4.4 SpatialPentalith resolution test . 17
4.4.1 Purpose . 17
4.4.2 Test object description . 17
4.4.3 Procedure . 17
4.4.4 Evaluation and record . 17
4.5 Wire detection test . 18
4.5.1 Purpose . 18
4.5.2 Test object description . 18
4.5.3 Procedure . 18
4.5.4 Evaluation and record . 18
4.6 Materials detection on body test . 19
4.6.1 General . 19
4.6.2 Purpose . 19
4.6.3 Test object description . 19
4.6.4 Procedure . 19
4.6.5 Evaluation and record . 19
4.7 Materials detection in air test . 20
4.7.1 General . 20
4.7.2 Purpose . 20
4.7.3 Test object description . 20
4.7.4 Procedure . 20
4.7.5 Evaluation and record . 20
4.8 Penetration test . 20
4.8.1 General . 20
4.8.2 Purpose . 21
4.8.3 Test object description . 21
4.8.4 Procedure . 21
4.8.5 Evaluation and record . 21
5 Minimum acceptable imaging performance . 21
6 Environmental requirements . 22
Annex A (normative) Mechanical drawings of the test objects . 23
Annex B (informative) Example of reporting form . 36
Annex C (informative) Image resolution measurement using the pentalith . 39
C.1 General . 39
C.2 Strategy . 39
C.3 Pentalith description . 39
C.4 Pass/fail criterion . 42
C.5 Repeatability . 43
Annex D (informative) Comparison of whole body imaging systems . 45
Bibliography . 46
Figure 1 – Generic illustration of the testing configuration showing a HDPE body
phantom with a test object on one end supported 1 m off the ground . 15
Figure 2 – Body phantom and test objects . 16
Figure A.1 – Components of the test phantom . 23
Figure A.2 – Material detection in air phantom . 24
Figure A.3 – Subassembly of the material detection in air phantom (Figure A.2), metal
comb, three teeth . 24
Figure A.4 – Subassembly of the material detection in air phantom (Figure A.2), metal
comb, two teeth . 25
Figure A.5 – Subassembly of the material detection in air phantom (Figure A.2), metal
comb, one tooth . 25
Figure A.6 – Subassembly of the material detection in air phantom (Figure A.2), plastic
comb . 26
Figure A.7 – Subassembly of the material detection in air phantom (Figure A.2),
mounting sheet . 26
Figure A.8 – Material detection on body 1 . 27
Figure A.9 – Material detection on body 2 . 27
Figure A.10 – Wire detection phantom . 28
Figure A.11 – Subassembly of the wire detection phantom (Figure A.10), mounting
base . 28
Figure A.12 – Subassembly of the wire detection phantom (Figure A.10), cover . 29
Figure A.13 – Pentalith resolution phantom . 30
Figure A.14 – Subassembly of the spatial pentalith resolution phantom (Figure A.13),
mounting base . 31
Figure A.15 – Subassembly of the spatial pentalith resolution phantom (Figure A.13);
hole placement in mounting base . 32
Figure A.16 – Subassembly of the spatial pentalith resolution phantom (Figure A.13),
cover . 33
Figure A.17 – Body phantom, 55 mm thick . 33
Figure A.18 – Body phantom, 75 mm thick . 34
Figure A.19 – Body phantom, 50 mm thick . 34
Figure A.20 – Storing space . 35
Figure C.1 – Dimensional design of the pentalith pattern . 40
Figure C.2 – Example of a pentalith overlying a pixel grid . 41
Figure C.3 – Example of a pentalith test phantom suitable for optical measurements . 41
Figure C.4 – Example of a pentalith test phantom suitable for X-ray imaging . 42
Figure C.5 – Example of using image thresholding as an objective pass/fail criterion . 43
Table 1 – Wire sizes for the wire detection test . 18
Table 2 – Minimum acceptable imaging performance at the reference location . 21
– 4 – IEC 62709:2024 RLV © IEC 2024
Table 3 – Standard test conditions . 22
Table D.1 – Comparison of whole body imaging systems for security screening . 45
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION –
SECURITY SCREENING OF HUMANS –
MEASURING THE IMAGING PERFORMANCE OF X-RAY SYSTEMS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.