SC 45B - Radiation protection instrumentation

IEC 63391:2024 applies to security screening systems that utilize active millimetre-wave (MMW) imaging to inspect persons who are not inside vehicles, containers, or enclosures. Specifically, this document applies to systems used to detect objects carried on the body of the individual being screened at a security checkpoint. This document applies to systems that screen people using radiation in the range between 3 GHz and 150 GHz (100 mm to 2 mm).
This document specifies the technical requirements, test methods, and signage of the active MMW systems for security screening of humans.
This document does not specify minimum or baseline requirements of image quality, automated threat recognition (ATR) performance, nor does it specify a minimum detection time

IEC 62709:2024 applies to security screening systems that utilize X-ray radiation and are used to inspect people who are not inside vehicles, containers, or enclosures. Specifically, this document applies to systems used to detect objects carried on or within the body of the individual being inspected. The objective is to provide standard methods of measuring and reporting imaging quality characteristics that enable system manufacturers, potential system users and other interested parties to:
a) Establish a consistent indicator of the expected technical performance of screening systems used for the inspection of individuals. Such technical performance testing complements explicit detection testing and evaluation. In this document "detection" refers to items in an image.
b) Provide repeatable and verifiable imaging performance data that can be used to compare systems from different vendors.
c) Establish a baseline that can be used over time to calibrate the system or detect any performance degradation. (It is not intended that the entire test method be employed for daily quality assurance testing.)
d) Establish minimum acceptable performance requirements for the systems described above.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2014. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Clarified the test procedures to maintain consistency with IEC 62463.
b) Changed the term "spatial resolution" to "pentalith resolution".
c) Modified some standard test conditions.
d) Modified some terms and definitions.
e) Changed the imaging requirements for transmission general-use systems.

IEC 62463:2024 is applicable to security screening systems designed to expose persons to X‑rays. In particular, the document applies to systems where the body is exposed to the primary beam of X-rays. It is common to divide currently used systems into three types: backscatter systems, transmission systems and combination backscatter/transmission systems. The purpose of this document is to provide standardized requirements and test methods to ensure the safe operation of X-ray personnel screening systems, from a radiation protection point of view. In particular, the document specifies requirements related to the radiation protection of the persons being screened, persons who are in the vicinity of the equipment and the operators.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) title modified;
b) the main dose quantity was updated from ambient dose equivalent (H*(10)) to the operational quantities recommended in ICRU Report 95:2020;
c) the scope has been updated from X-ray systems for screening persons to X-ray systems that deliberately expose persons to X-rays for security purposes, which clarifies the ambiguity of whether d) occupied vehicle scanners are within scope;
d) the scheme for classifying systems was changed from one based on whether the system is backscatter, transmission or a combination to a classification system based on the dose level and administrative controls;
e) numerous electrical, environmental, electromagnetic, and mechanical safety requirements were updated.

IEC 61526:2024 applies to personal dosemeters with the following characteristics:
a) They are worn on the trunk, close to the eye, or on the extremities.
b) They measure the personal dose equivalents Hp(10), Hp(3), and Hp(0,07), from external X and gamma, neutron (not for Hp(3)), and beta radiations, and may measure the respective personal dose equivalent rates for the same radiations (for alarming purposes).
c) They have a digital indication. This indication may or may not be attached.
d) They have alarm functions for the personal dose equivalents or personal dose equivalent rates except for hybrid dosemeters. For hybrid dosemeters an alarm function for the personal dose equivalents shall be implemented in the associated readout system.
This document specifies requirements for the dosemeter and, if supplied, for its associated readout system.
This document specifies, for the dosemeters described above, general characteristics, general test procedures, radiation characteristics as well as electrical, mechanical, safety and envi­ronmental characteristics.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Modification of the title;
b) Inclusion of the measurement quantity for the dose in the lens of the eye, Hp(3);
c) Inclusion of measurement quantity for dose in the skin and extremities, Hp(0,07);
d) Inclusion of dosemeters between active and passive: "hybrid dosemeters";
e) Inclusion of software requirements;
f) Harmonization of requirements for linearity to IEC 62387;
g) Revised neutron energy response requirements.

IEC 61098:2023 applies to contamination monitors that include warning assembles and meters used for the monitoring of radioactive contamination on the surface of personnel whether they be clothed or not. The document is applicable only to that type of equipment where the user stays at the monitor. This document is applicable to the monitoring of the whole body (including the head), hands and feet, but parts of this document can be used for monitors designed for the monitoring of radioactive contamination on the hands and/or feet only. This document does not include tritium measurement.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2003. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. Title is modified.
b. As an alternative of small area sources, area sources are added to be used for methods of test with respect to the variation of response with source position, effective instrument efficiency, detection limit (DL), and variation of response with energy.
c. Detection limit (DL) complies with the ISO 11929 series.
d. Descriptions of influence quantities of type F and type S are added.
e. Consistency with IEC 62706 is promoted for environmental requirements, mechanical requirements, electromagnetic compatibility and methods of test.
f. Descriptions of overhead detectors are added.
g. Descriptions of friskers are added with respect to the hand and foot monitoring.
h. Figures are made easier to understand the relation between the detector position and the response, and the positional relation between the detector surface and the source.

IEC 62694:2022 applies to backpack-type radiation detectors (BRDs) that are primarily used for the detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive material. BRDs are portable instruments designed to be worn during use. BRDs detect gamma radiation and may include neutron detection and the ability to identify gamma-ray emitting radionuclides.
This document establishes the operational and testing requirements associated with radiation measurements and the expected electrical, mechanical, and environmental conditions while in use.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 2014. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. making the standard consistent with the new standards for detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive material;
b. creating unformed functionality test for all environmental, electromagnetic and mechanical tests and a requirement for the coefficient of variation of each nominal mean reading;
c. revised radiological requirements including the simplification of radionuclide identification acceptance criteria;
d. reference to IEC 62706 for the environmental, electromagnetic and mechanical test conditions.

IEC 62618:2022 applies to Spectroscopy-based alarming Personal Radiation Detectors (SPRD). SPRDs detect and identify gamma radiation and may detect neutron radiation. SPRDs can be worn on a belt or in a pocket to alert the wearer of the presence of a radiation source. SPRDs provide search, similar to that of a Personal Radiation Device (PRD), and identification capability to identify radiation sources. They can discriminate between alarms caused by Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) or medical radionuclides and alarms from industrial sources or Special Nuclear Material (SNM).
This document establishes performance requirements and specifies general characteristics, general test conditions, radiological, climatic, mechanical, and electromagnetic characteristics. This document also provides test methods that are used to determine if an SPRD meets the stated requirements.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. making the standard consistent with the new standards for detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive material (see the Introduction); b. creating unformed functionality test for all environmental, electromagnetic and mechanical tests and a requirement for the coefficient of variation of each nominal mean reading; c. reference to IEC 62706 for the environmental, electromagnetic and mechanical test conditions; d. adding information regarding climatic exposures.

IEC 63085:2021 provides technical performance requirements, testing methods, requirements for operational performance and accompanying documents, packaging, transportation and storage conditions for the system of spectral identification of liquids in transparent and semitransparent containers (hereinafter referred to as “system”), based on the method of inelastic (Raman) light scattering by molecules.
This document applies both to stationary and hand-held systems; geometric and mass parameters are not concerned in the tests. This document is applicable to substance identification testing criteria as well as verification, approval and operating criteria of the system. Since this document considers only the functionality of Raman analyzers and their ability to identify single- or multicomponent fluids, it is equally suitable for verifying the Raman analyzers assigned to security screening of threats, inspection of medical solutions, liquid chemicals, etc.

IEC 62484:2020 defines the performance requirements of installed monitors used for the detection and identification of gamma emitters and the detection of neutron radiation emitters. These monitors are commonly known as spectrometric radiation portal monitors or SRPMs. They are used to monitor vehicles, cargo containers, people, or packages and are typically used at national and international border crossings and ports of entry. SRPMs may be used at any location where there is a need for this type of monitoring.
This document establishes the general, radiological, climatic, mechanical, electric and electromagnetic and documentation requirements and associated test methods. A summary of the performance requirements and informative listing of environmental requirements from IEC 62706 is provided.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- title modified;
- making the standard consistent with the new standards for detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive material (see the Introduction);
- creating unformed functionality test for all environmental, electromagnetic and mechanical tests and a requirement for the coefficient of variation of each nominal mean reading;
- reference to IEC 62706 for the environmental, electromagnetic and mechanical test conditions;
- adding information regarding climatic exposures.

IEC 62755:2012(E) provides a uniform format for data to be output from radiation measurement instruments for use in detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive materials. This enables interpretation of data without reference to manufacturer's documentation. This standard specifies the data format used for both required and optional data available at the output of radiation measurement instruments that are used for the detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive materials. The performance requirements for these types of radiation measurement instruments are described in other standards such as IEC 62401, IEC 62533, IEC 62694, IEC 62244, IEC 62327, IEC 62484, and IEC 62618.

IEC 62963:2020 describes the technical requirements, test methods, inspection requirements, markings and labelling, and requirements on the accompanying documents, packaging, shipping and storage for X-ray security inspection systems that inspect bottled or canned liquids (hereinafter referred to as "the system") based on X-ray computed tomography (CT). Here, the system is limited to those that feature tomographic scanning, not standard X-ray projection. This document is applicable to liquids, aerosols and gelatinous objects in transparent or visually opaque containers.
This technical performance document includes minimum or baseline performance requirements; regulators may require additional performance testing.

IEC 62387:2020 applies to all kinds of passive dosimetry systems that are used for measuring:
- the personal dose equivalent Hp(10) (for individual whole body monitoring),
- the personal dose equivalent Hp(3) (for individual eye lens monitoring),
- the personal dose equivalent Hp(0,07) (for both individual whole body skin and local skin for extremity monitoring),
- the ambient dose equivalent H*(10) (for workplace and environmental monitoring),
- the directional dose equivalent H'(3) (for workplace and environmental monitoring), or
- the directional dose equivalent H'(0,07) (for workplace and environmental monitoring).
This document applies to dosimetry systems that measure external photon and/or beta radiation in the dose range between 0,01 mSv and 10 Sv and in the energy ranges given in Table 1. All the energy values are mean energies with respect to the fluence. The dosimetry systems usually use electronic devices for the data evaluation and thus are often computer controlled.

IEC 63121:2020 applies to vehicle-mounted mobile systems (also known as mobile systems or mobile monitors) that are used for the detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive materials; these instruments may also be used for protection of major public events and for rapid screening of large areas. These vehicle-mounted mobile systems consist of one or more radiation detectors mounted in a vehicle, e.g., car or van, which travels predominantly on public roads. This document does not apply to detection systems mounted in other types of vehicles, e.g., planes, helicopters, trains, or boats. Vehicle-mounted detection systems covered by this document are designed to detect radioactive sources while the vehicle is in motion. They may also be used as stationary monitors that scan stationary or moving objects. Vehicle-mounted mobile systems detect gamma radiation and may include neutron detection and/or identification of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides.

IEC 61322:2020 applies to installed dose equivalent rate meters, warning assemblies and monitors, as defined below. It covers equipment intended to measure neutron radiation in dose equivalent rates in the energy region between thermal and 20 MeV for the purposes of radiation protection.
Assemblies of this type are commonly defined as area radiation monitors. They are normally employed to determine continuously the radiological situation in working areas in which the radiation field may change with time, for example, nuclear power plants, particle accelerators, high-activity laboratories, fuel reprocessing plants, etc., and provide alarms when the radiation field goes outside predetermined limits.
The assemblies considered in this document comprise at least:
a detector assembly, which may, for example, consist of a detector probe (for thermal neutrons such as BF3 proportional counter, 3He proportional counter, 6LiI(Tl) scintillation detector, etc.) and a moderating and absorbing medium surrounding the detector;
a processing assembly, which may be fitted into a centralized panel, which, in the case of warning assemblies and monitors, provides signal outputs and contacts capable of activating alarm or other trip circuits;
alternatively, the case when all the processing electronics are placed within the detection unit (so called "smart blocks") may be considered. In this case the functions of the processing assembly will be composed of only the indication, the providing signal outputs and contacts.  
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1994This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
this document has been updated to take account of the requirements of the relevant IEC standards, IEC 60532:2010 and IEC 61005:2014.

IEC 62706:2019 recommends the climatic, mechanical and electromagnetic performance requirements and methods of test for radiation protection instrumentation. This document also provides guidance regarding the setup of test equipment and instruments under test (IUT) for certain tests.
The object of this document is to define, for design and test purposes, the environments in which radiation protection instrumentation may be exposed. The environments addressed by this document are applicable to body-worn (e.g., personal radiation detectors, backpack, and dosemeters), handheld, transportable, mobile, and installed instrumentation.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, issued in 2012. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) addition of more details to selected methods of test;
b) revised radio frequency testing requirements based on measurements made at various locations;
c) added equipment and instrument setup guidance and recommendations.

IEC TS 63050:2019 applies to all types of dosemeters, irrespective of the type of radiation intended to be measured. Tests according to this document determine whether a single radiation pulse can be measured correctly even if the dosemeter is in the internal state relevant for measuring background or environmental radiation.
The annex in the document gives some parameter values for typical workplaces where pulsed radiation occurs.
This document considers the pulsation of the radiation field as an additional influence quantity like particle energy and direction of radiation incidence. Therefore, the tests described are additional to all the tests in the instrument specific standards. This document describes methods to determine the following characteristic parameters of the dosemeters:
the maximum measurable dose rate in the pulse, Hmeas,max
the maximum measurable dose in the pulse, Hmeas,max
the minimal pulse duration, tmeas,min and
the range for the pulse repetition frequency, fmeas,min  to fmeas,max

IEC 61563:2019 applies to instruments used to measure the activity and/or activity concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides in food and/or foodstuffs. This document applies to instruments used both as gross count type instruments and pulse height analysing type instruments used in field conditions and in measurement facilities. This document does not apply to high-resolution spectrometers that use germanium detectors.
The instruments to which this document applies can be used to measure the activity and activity concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides for a wide variety of samples, such as soil, sewage, plant, and animal life.
The object of this document is to establish performance requirements, to provide test methods and to specify general characteristics, general test conditions, and radiological, environmental, mechanical and electromagnetic characteristics to be used to determine whether an instrument meets the requirements of this document. The test results provide information to end-users and manufacturers regarding the capability of instrument for reliable measurement of the activity and/or activity concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The previous edition applied to handheld-type and portable-type instruments. This edition applies to transportable-type and installed-type instruments, as well as the scope of the previous edition. The handheld-type and portable-type instruments are mainly used in case of a post accidental situation, however, the transportable-type and installed-type instruments can be used through recovery phase.
b) Uncertainty of measurement according to GUM is introduced.
c) Detection limit defined in ISO 11929 is introduced to specify a minimum detectable activity.
d) Environmental requirements, mechanical requirements and electromagnetic requirements are updated according to IEC 62706.
e) Sample format of measuring report is introduced

IEC TR 61577-5:2019 provides basic data and technical information in order to support the design of instruments and their practical application for the measurement. The document covers 222Rn as well as 220Rn and the short-lived decay products of both. It is an accompanying document for the application of the technical standards series IEC 61577, and provides physical and technical fundamentals of the measurements methods.

IEC 62244:2019 defines the performance requirements of installed monitors used for the detection of gamma and neutron radiation emitters. These monitors are commonly known as radiation portal monitors or RPMs. They are used to monitor vehicles, cargo containers, people, or packages and are typically located at national and international border crossings. They may be used at any location where there is a need for this type of monitoring. This document establishes the general, radiological, climatic, mechanical, electric and electromagnetic and documentation requirements and associated test methods. This document does not apply to the performance of spectroscopy-based portal monitors covered in IEC 62484. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition issued in 2006. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) making the standard consistent with the new standards for detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive material (see the Introduction);
b) creating unformed functionality test for all environmental, electromagnetic and mechanical tests and a requirement for the coefficient of variation of each nominal mean reading;
c) reference to IEC 62706 for the environmental, electromagnetic and mechanical test conditions;
d) adding information regarding climatic exposures.

IEC 62945:2018 provides test methods for the evaluation of image quality of computed tomography (CT) security-screening systems. The quality of data for automated analysis is the primary concern. Security screening systems are generally used to scan parcels, including luggage, for the presence of illicit items such as explosives, drugs, or other contraband. Many of the screening systems currently used, particularly in transportation security applications, are based on CT imaging technology.

IEC 62401:2017 describes design and functional criteria along with testing methods for evaluating the performance of Personal Radiation Devices (PRDs) used for detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive material (e. g., for border radiation monitoring). This document applies to alarming radiation detection instruments that are pocket-sized, carried on the body and used to detect and indicate the presence and general magnitude of gamma radiation fields. Neutron detection may also be provided.
This new edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) making the standard consistent with the new standards for detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive material (see the Introduction);
b) changing some basic requirements;
c) creating a uniform functionality test for all environmental, electromagnetic and mechanical tests;
d) reference to IEC 62706 for the environmental, electromagnetic and mechanical test conditions.

IEC 62327:2017 specifies general characteristics, general test procedures, radiation characteristics, as well as electrical, mechanical, safety, and environmental characteristics. This document applies to hand-held instruments used to detect and identify radionuclides and radioactive material, to estimate ambient dose equivalent rate from photon radiation, and optionally, to detect neutron radiation. They are commonly known as radionuclide identification devices or RIDs.
This new edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- addition of detailed methods of test;
- revised identification test acceptance criteria for environmental tests;
- changed format to match the one of similar standards.

IEC 62957-1:2017 specifies requirements for data preparation and data injection when using the semi-empirical method for performance evaluation of detection and radionuclide identification. This document recommends approaches for results interpretation and consolidation and establishes a method to share data and analysis results. This part of the standard is specific to the performance evaluation of radionuclide identification in static mode, i.e. when measurement geometry does not change (e.g. radionuclide identification devices in start-stop mode).

IEC 61017:2016 is applicable to transportable, mobile or installed assemblies intended to measure environmental air kerma rates or air absorbed dose rates from 30 nGy⋅h-1 to 30μGy⋅h-1 or ambient dose equivalent rates from 30 nSv⋅h-1 to 30 μSv⋅h-1, or air kerma or air absorbed dose from 10 nGy to 10 mGy, or ambient dose equivalent from 10 nSv to 10 mSv, due to photon radiation of energy between 50 keV and 7 MeV. The measurable range of dose and dose rate can be extended by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. This extension may be realized by combining more than one detector, for example NaI(Tl) scintillator and ionization chamber. For most environmental applications, instruments may measure over a more limited energy range of 80 keV to 3 MeV.

IEC 60846-2:2015 applies to portable or transportable dose equivalent (rate) meters and/or monitors for the measurement of ambient and/or directional dose equivalent (rate) from external beta, X and gamma radiation for energies up to 10 MeV during emergency situations. The object of this International Standard is to specify the design requirements and the performance characteristics of dose equivalent (rate) meters intended for the determination of ambient and/or directional dose equivalent (rate) as defined in ICRU Report 47 under emergency conditions. The main technical change with regard to the previous edition consists of an update to the revised edition of IEC 60846-1:2009.
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60846-1:2009.

IEC TR 62971:2015(E) provides guidance and recommendations regarding the availability and use of radiation sources that are needed when testing and evaluating instruments used for the detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive material. Guidance includes the use of surrogate or replacement radioactive materials that could be more easily obtained. The object of this Technical Report is to provide guidance to instrument manufacturers, users, and testing organisations as to the selection and possible use of radiation sources, source surrogates and source simulation tools when testing and evaluating an instrument's ability to detect and identify illicit trafficking of radioactive material.

IEC TR 62461:2015(E) gives guidelines for the application of the uncertainty analysis according to ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 and its Supplement 1:2008 for measurements covered by standards in the field of radiation protection instrumentation. It does not include the uncertainty associated with the concept of the measuring quantity. This Technical Report explains the principles of the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 (GUM), its Supplement 1:2008 (GUM S1) and the special considerations necessary for radiation protection at an example taken from individual dosimetry of external radiation. This Technical Report is intended to assist the understanding of the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 (GUM), its Supplement 1: 2008 (GUM S1). The main changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:
- add to the analytical method for the determination of uncertainty the Monte Carlo method for the determination of uncertainty according to supplement 1 of the Guide to the Expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM S1), and
- add a very simple method to judge whether a measured result is significantly different from zero based on ISO 11929.

IEC 61005:2014 specifies requirements for the performance characteristics of neutron ambient dose equivalent (rate) meters, and prescribes the methods of testing in order to determine compliance with this standard. This standard specifies general characteristics, general test procedures, radiation characteristics, electrical, mechanical, safety and environmental characteristics, and also the identification certificate (see 13.2). Requirements and test procedures are also specified for the alarm performance of the neutron ambient dose equivalent (rate) meters, equipped with alarm provisions. This new edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- upper neutron energy of the instruments covered by the standard is increased to 20 MeV;
- requirement for the variation of the relative response due to neutron energy is modified;
- a clause for additivity of the indicated value (neutron dose/dose rate) is introduced;
- environmental testing methods and requirements are referred to IEC 62706.

IEC 61577-2:2014 describes the specific requirements for instruments measuring the activity concentration of airborne 222Rn and 220Rn outdoors, in dwellings and in workplaces including underground mines. This standard applies practically to all types of electronic measuring instruments that are based on either spot or continuous measurements. The different types of instrumentation used for measurements are stated in IEC 61577-1. This new edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- addition of new requirements and tests concerning performance;
- harmonization of the requirements and tests concerning performance with other standards in this area.

IEC 60860:2014 prescribes general, radiation detection, environmental, mechanical, electromagnetic and documentation requirements and specifies acceptance criteria for criticality accident warning equipment. This International Standard applies to equipment intended to provide warning of a criticality accident by the detection of gamma radiation, neutrons or both from such an event. The main technical changes with regard to the previous edition are as follows:
- reference to IEC 61508 concerning the safety classification;
- introducing requirement for the alarm sound level;
- energy response requirement changes;
- specification of time period of 1 min for the overload requirement;
- updated EMC, mechanical and environmental requirements according to IEC 62706.

IEC 62694:2014 applies to backpack-type radiation detectors (BRDs) that are used for the detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive material. This standard establishes performance and testing requirements associated with radiation measurements and the expected electrical, mechanical, and environmental conditions while in use.

IEC 62709:2014 provides standard methods of measuring and reporting imaging quality characteristics that enable system manufacturers, potential system users and other interested parties to:
- establish a consistent indicator of the expected technical performance of screening systems used for the inspection of individuals;
- provide repeatable and verifiable imaging performance data that can be used to compare systems from different vendors;
- establish a baseline that can be used over time to calibrate the system or detect any performance degradation;
- establish minimum acceptable performance requirements for the systems described above.

IEC 61275:2013 is applicable to a portable or transportable photon spectrometry assembly using a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector to survey, in situ, generally at 1 m above ground level, areas in the environment for discrete radionuclides. This standard specifies for such an assembly the general characteristics and test methods for evaluating radiation, electrical, mechanical, safety and environmental characteristics specific to the applications described above. Advice is also provided in annexes as to the calibration, appropriate use and interpretation of the system for in situ measurements. The main technical changes with regard to the previous edition are as follows:
- encompass the latest technologies;
- revise test methods to account for methodological developments and performance criteria with the latest HPGe detector technologies and digital electronics.

IEC 62618:2013 applies to Spectroscopy-based alarming Personal Radiation Detectors (SPRD) which represent a new instrument category between alarming Personal Radiation Devices (PRD) and Radionuclide Identification Devices (RID). This standard establishes performance requirements, provides examples of acceptable test methods and specifies general characteristics, general test conditions, radiological, environmental, mechanical and electromagnetic characteristics that are used to determine if an instrument meets the requirements of this standard.

IEC 62706:2012 establishes the environmental, mechanical and electromagnetic performance requirements and methods of test for radiation protection instrumentation. The object of this standard is to define, for design and test purposes, the environments in which radiation protection instrumentation may be exposed. The environments addressed by this standard are applicable to body-worn (e.g., personal radiation detectors, backpack, and dosemeters), hand carried, portable and transportable, mobile, or installed instrumentation.

IEC 62387:2012 applies to all kinds of passive dosimetry systems that are used for measuring the personal dose equivalent (for whole body dosimetry), the personal dose equivalent (for eye lens dosimetry), the personal dose equivalent (for both whole body and extremity dosimetry), the ambient dose equivalent (for environmental dosimetry), or the directional dose equivalent (for environmental dosimetry). This standard applies to dosimetry systems that measure external photon and/or beta radiation in the dose range between 0,01 mSv and 10 Sv and in wide energy ranges. The dosimetry systems usually use electronic devices for the data evaluation and thus are often computer controlled.

IEC/TS 62743:2012(E) applies to all types of counting dosemeters, irrespective of the measuring quantity and the type of radiation intended to be measured. It ensures that a single radiation pulse can be correctly measured even if the dosemeter is in the internal state relevant for measuring background or environmental radiation. The characteristics of the dosemeter for repeated pulses is expected to be better than for one single radiation pulse with the same parameters but worse than for continuous radiation, i.e., in between of the characteristics for these two extreme conditions. Considers the pulsation of the radiation field as an additional influence quantity like particle energy and direction of radiation incidence. Therefore, the tests described are additional to all the tests in the respective standards.

IEC 61577-3:2011 describes the specific requirements for instruments measuring the volumetric activity of airborne short-lived radon decay products and/or their ambient potential alpha-energy concentration outdoors, in dwellings, and in workplaces including underground mines. This standard applies practically to all types of electronic instruments that are based on grab sampling, continuous sampling technique and electronic integrating measurement methods. This new edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- implementation of new requirements and tests concerning radiation detection performance;
- implementation of new requirements and tests concerning environmental performance;
- harmonization of the requirements and tests concerning electrical and mechanical performance with other standards in the area of radiation protection instrumentation.

IEC 60532:2010 applies to installed dose rate meters, warning assemblies and monitors that are used to prevent or mitigate a minor radioactive release, or minor degradation of fuel, within the nuclear power plants/nuclear facility design basis, and to warn personnel or to ensure their safety during or following events that involve or result in release of radioactivity in the nuclear power plants/nuclear facility, or risk of radiation exposure. This equipment is typically classified as category "A" or "B" or "C" or "not classified" in IEC 61226. The main technical changes with regard to the previous edition are updates taking account of the requirements of IEC standards published since 1996.

IEC 61526:2010 specifies general characteristics, general test procedures, radiation characteristics as well as electrical, mechanical, safety and environmental characteristics. The only requirements specified for associated readout systems are those which affect its accuracy of readout of the personal dose equivalent and alarm settings and those which concern the influence of the reader on the dosemeter. This new edition includes the following significant technical changes with regard to the previous one:
- improved determination of constancy of the dose response and statistical fluctuations;
- abolition of classes of personal dose equivalent meters in relation to retention of stored information;
- inclusion of usage categories of personal dosemeters.

IEC 62463:2010 lays down standard requirements and also specifies general characteristics, general test procedures, radiation characteristics, electrical characteristics, environmental influences, mechanical characteristics, safety requirements; provides examples of acceptable methods in terms of dose to the whole or part of the body for each screening procedure and the time taken for each screening procedure.

IEC 62523:2010 applies to radiographic inspection systems with photon radiation energy of at least 500 keV for inspection of cargo, vehicles and cargo containers. Such inspection systems generally consist of radiation source(s), detectors, control system, image processing system, radiation safety system and other auxiliary devices/facilities. The object of this standard is to define the tests and the relevant testing methods for determining the performance characteristics of the radiographic inspection systems.

IEC 62533:2010 applies to hand-held instruments used for the detection and localization of radioactive photon emitting materials. These instruments are highly sensitive meaning that they are designed to detect slight variations in the range of usual photon background caused mainly by illicit trafficking or inadvertent movement of radioactive material. The object of this standard is to establish performance requirements including physical characteristics, general test conditions, radiation characteristics, electrical safety, and environmental conditions. This standard provides examples of acceptable test methods to determine if an instrument meets the requirements of this standard. The results of tests performed provide information to users on the capability of radiation detection instruments for reliably detecting photon sources.

IEC 62534:2010 applies to hand-held instruments used for the detection and localization of neutron emitting radioactive material. These instruments are highly sensitive meaning that they are designed to detect slight variations in the range of usual background that may be caused by illicit trafficking or inadvertent movement of radioactive material. This high sensitivity allows scanning of larger volume items such as vehicles and containers. The object of this standard is to establish performance requirements, provide examples of acceptable test methods, and to specify general characteristics, general test conditions, radiation characteristics, electrical safety, and environmental characteristics, that are used to determine if an instrument meets the requirements of this standard.

IEC 62484:2010 specifies the operational and performance requirements for spectroscopy-based portal monitors used for the detection and identification of illicit trafficking of radioactive material. Spectroscopy-based portal monitors have the ability to detect gamma and neutron radiation and identify gamma-emitting radionuclides that may be present in or on persons, vehicles, containers, or packages in a static or transient mode of operation. Establishes performance requirements and gives examples of acceptable test methods, and specifies general characteristics, general test conditions, radiation characteristics, electrical safety, and environmental characteristics to determine if a portal monitor meets the requirements of this standard.

IEC 62438:2010 is applicable to mobile radiation detection systems used for the detection, quantification and identification of photon and/or neutron emitters in the environment. This includes point and distributed radiation sources. The object of this standard is to:
- establish minimum requirements for the instrumentation;
- establish requirements for deployment and operations;
- provide test and calibration methods; and
- provide guidance to procurement for appropriate equipment. This standard cancels and replaces IEC 61134, issued in 1992. The scope of IEC 61134 was restricted to exploration for geological deposits of potassium, uranium and thorium. IEC 62438:2010 incorporates the range of currently available detector technologies and incorporates neutron monitoring. This standard also relates to a wide range of mobile platform applications including environmental, emergency response, security in addition to geological.

IEC 61559-1:2009 specifies general characteristics, general test procedures, radiation, electrical, safety, and environmental characteristics and the identification certificate for centralized systems intended for continuous monitoring of radiation and/or levels of radioactivity installed in nuclear facilities, primarily in support of radiological protection in the working areas.

IEC 60846-1:2009 specifies the design requirements and the performance characteristics of dose equivalent (rate) meters intended for the determination of ambient dose equivalent (rate) and directional dose equivalent (rate) as defined in ICRU Report 47. Applies to dose equivalent (rate) meters and/or monitors for the measurement of ambient dose equivalent (rate) and/or directional dose equivalent (rate) from external beta, X and gamma radiation.

IEC 61577-4:2009 concerns the System for Test Atmospheres with Radon (STAR) needed for testing, in a reference atmosphere, the instruments measuring radon and RnDP. Provides guidance for those facing problems associated with the production of equipment for setting up reference atmospheres for radon and its decay products.

IEC 62303:2008 is applicable to equipment used for sampling and continuous measurement of tritium in the workplace, in gaseous effluents discharged into the environment as well as in the environment itself and it is applicable to installed, portable and transportable equipment. The object is to establish mandatory general requirements and to present examples of acceptable methods and equipment for continuously monitoring and/or sampling airborne tritium. Complements IEC 60761-5.