IEC 62127-1:2007
(Main)Ultrasonics - Hydrophones - Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz
Ultrasonics - Hydrophones - Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz
IEC 62127-1:2007 specifies methods of use of calibrated hydrophones for the measurement in liquids of acoustic fields generated by ultrasonic medical equipment operating in the frequency range up to 40 MHz. The objectives of this standard are:
- to define a group of acoustic parameters that can be measured on a physically sound basis;
- to define a second group of parameters that can be derived under certain assumptions from these measurements, and called derived intensity parameters;
- to define a measurement procedure that may be used for the determination of acoustic pressure parameters;
- to define the conditions under which the measurements of acoustic parameters can be made in the frequency range up to 40 MHz using calibrated hydrophones;
- and to define procedures for correcting, for limitations caused by the use of hydrophones with finite bandwidth and finite active element size. IEC 62127-1, IEC 62127-2 and IEC 62127-3 are being published simultaneously. Together these cancel and replace IEC 60866:1987, IEC 61101:1991, IEC 61102:1991, IEC 61220:1993 and IEC 62092:2001. The contents of the corrigendum of August 2008 have been included in this copy. The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
Ultrasons - Hydrophones - Partie 1: Mesurage et caractérisation des champs ultrasoniques médicaux jusqu'à 40 MHz
La CEI 62127-1:2007 spécifie les méthodes d'utilisation des hydrophones étalonnés permettant de mesurer, dans des liquides, les champs acoustiques générés par des appareils médicaux à ultrasons fonctionnant dans la gamme de fréquences jusqu'à 40 MHz. La présente norme a pour objectifs de:
- définir un groupe de paramètres acoustiques pouvant être mesurés sur une base physiquement sonore;
- définir un second groupe de paramètres pouvant être déduits, dans le cadre de certaines hypothèses, de ces mesures et appelés paramètres d'intensité dérivés;
- définir un mode opératoire de mesure permettant de déterminer les paramètres de pression acoustique;
- définir les conditions dans lesquelles les mesures des paramètres acoustiques peuvent être réalisées dans la gamme de fréquences jusqu'à 40 MHz à l'aide d'hydrophones étalonnés;
- et définir les modes opératoires de correction, dans le cas de limitations provoquées par l'utilisation d'hydrophones à largeur de bande finie et de taille d'élément actif finie. La CEI 62127-1, la CEI 62127-2 et la CEI 62127-3 ont été publiées conjointement. Ensemble, elles annulent et remplacent la CEI 60866:1987, la CEI 61101:1991, la CEI 61102:1991, la CEI 61220:1993 et la CEI 62092:2001. Le contenu du corrigendum (août 2008, disponible en anglais seulement) a été inclus dans cette norme. La version française n'a pas été soumise au vote.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 62127-1
Edition 1.0 2007-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Ultrasonics – Hydrophones –
Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to
40 MHz
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office
3, rue de Varembé
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Email: inmail@iec.ch
Web: www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
ƒ Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub
The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…).
It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications.
ƒ IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications released. Available
on-line and also by email.
ƒ Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions
in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
ƒ Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service
Centre FAQ or contact us:
Email: csc@iec.ch
Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
IEC 62127-1
Edition 1.0 2007-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Ultrasonics – Hydrophones –
Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to
40 MHz
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XC
ICS 17.140.50 ISBN 2-8318-9276-7
– 2 – 62127-1 © IEC:2007(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
INTRODUCTION.7
1 Scope and object.8
2 Normative references .8
3 Terms, definitions and symbols .9
4 List of symbols .24
5 Measurement requirements .26
5.1 Requirements for hydrophones and amplifiers .26
5.1.1 Introduction .26
5.1.2 General .26
5.1.3 Sensitivity of a hydrophone.26
5.1.4 Directional response of a hydrophone.26
5.1.5 Effective hydrophone radius .27
5.1.6 Choice of the size of a hydrophone active element .27
5.1.7 Bandwidth .28
5.1.8 Linearity .28
5.1.9 Hydrophone signal amplifier .29
5.1.10 Hydrophone cable length and amplifiers .29
5.2 Requirements for positioning and water baths .29
5.2.1 General .29
5.2.2 Positioning systems.30
5.2.3 Water bath.31
5.3 Requirements for data acquisition and analysis systems .32
5.4 Recommendations for ultrasonic equipment being characterized .32
6 Measurement procedure.32
6.1 General .32
6.2 Preparation and alignment.33
6.2.1 Preparation.33
6.2.2 Aligning an ultrasonic transducer and a hydrophone.33
6.3 Measurement .33
6.4 Analysis .33
6.4.1 Corrections for restricted bandwidth and spatial resolution .33
6.4.2 Uncertainties .33
7 Beam characterization.34
7.1 General .34
7.2 Primary pressure parameters .35
7.2.1 General .35
7.2.2 Peak-compressional acoustic pressure and peak-rarefactional
acoustic pressure .36
7.2.3 Spatial-peak rms acoustic pressure .36
7.2.4 Non-linear propagation parameter .36
7.2.5 Intensity parameters using instantaneous acoustic pressure.37
7.2.6 Intensity parameters using pulse-pressure-squared integral .37
7.2.7 Derived ultrasonic power .39
8 Requirements for specific ultrasonic fields.40
62127-1 © IEC:2007(E) – 3 –
8.1 General .40
8.2 Diagnostic fields.40
8.2.1 Simplified procedures and guidelines.40
8.2.2 Pulsed wave diagnostic equipment .41
8.2.3 Continuous wave diagnostic equipment .41
8.3 Therapy fields .42
8.3.1 Physiotherapy equipment .42
8.3.2 Hyperthermia.42
8.4 Surgical fields .42
8.4.1 Lithotripters and pressure pulse sources for other therapeutic
purposes .42
8.4.2 Low frequency surgical applications .43
8.5 Fields from other medical applications.43
9 Compliance statement .43
9.1 General .43
9.2 Maximum probable values .43
9.3 Sampling .44
Annex A (informative) General rationale .45
Annex B (informative) Hydrophones and positioning .47
Annex C (informative) Acoustic pressure and intensity.53
Annex D (informative) Voltage to pressure conversion .55
Annex E (informative) Correction for spatial averaging.60
Annex F (informative) Acoustic output parameters for multi-mode medical ultrasonic
fields in the absence of scan-frame synchronization .62
Annex G (informative) Propagation medium and degassing .68
Annex H (informative) Specific ultrasonic fields.69
Annex I (informative) Assessment of uncertainty in the acoustic quantities obtained by
hydrophone measurements.72
Annex J (informative) Transducer and hydrophone positioning systems.74
Annex K (informative) Beamwidth midpoint method.75
Bibliography.76
Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of the different planes and lines in an ultrasonic field
(see also IEC 61828) .11
Figure 2 – Schematic diagram of the method of determining pulse duration .35
Figure D.1 – A flow diagram of the hydrophone deconvolution process .56
Figure D.2 – Example of waveform deconvolution.59
Figure J.1 – Schematic diagram of the ultrasonic transducer and hydrophone degrees
of freedom .74
Table 1 – Acoustic parameters appropriate to various types of medical ultrasonic
equipment.34
Table B.1 – Typical specification data for hydrophones, in this case given at 1 MHz .52
Table C.1 – Properties of distilled or de-ionized water as a function of temperature.54
Table D.1 – Method of conversion from a double- to a single-sided spectrum .57
– 4 – 62127-1 © IEC:2007(E)
Table D.2 – Method of conversion from a single- to a double-sided spectrum .58
Table F.1 – Main parameters defined in IEC standards .63
Table F.2 – List of parameters that are to be used or are to be deleted.64
Table K.1 – dB beamwidth levels for determining midpoints .75
62127-1 © IEC:2007(E) – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ULTRASONICS – HYDROPHONES –
Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical
ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an internationa
...
IEC 62127-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2007-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Ultrasonics – Hydrophones –
Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up
to 40 MHz
Ultrasons – Hydrophones –
Partie 1: Mesurage et caractérisation des champs ultrasoniques médicaux
jusqu'à 40 MHz
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur.
Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette
publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
Useful links:
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and
committee,…). definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in
It also gives information on projects, replaced and additional languages. Also known as the International
withdrawn publications. Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication
details all new publications released. Available on-line and or need further assistance, please contact the
also once a month by email. Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch.
A propos de la CEI
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.
A propos des publications CEI
Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez
l’édition la plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.
Liens utiles:
Recherche de publications CEI - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
La recherche avancée vous permet de trouver des Le premier dictionnaire en ligne au monde de termes
publications CEI en utilisant différents critères (numéro de électroniques et électriques. Il contient plus de 30 000
référence, texte, comité d’études,…). termes et définitions en anglais et en français, ainsi que
Elle donne aussi des informations sur les projets et les les termes équivalents dans les langues additionnelles.
publications remplacées ou retirées. Egalement appelé Vocabulaire Electrotechnique
International (VEI) en ligne.
Just Published CEI - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Service Clients - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications de la CEI.
Just Published détaille les nouvelles publications parues. Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur
Disponible en ligne et aussi une fois par mois par email. cette publication ou si vous avez des questions
contactez-nous: csc@iec.ch.
IEC 62127-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2007-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Ultrasonics – Hydrophones –
Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up
to 40 MHz
Ultrasons – Hydrophones –
Partie 1: Mesurage et caractérisation des champs ultrasoniques médicaux
jusqu'à 40 MHz
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XC
ICS 17.140.50 ISBN 978-2-83220-134-3
– 2 – 62127-1 IEC:2007
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope and object . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 9
4 List of symbols . 24
5 Measurement requirements . 26
5.1 Requirements for hydrophones and amplifiers . 26
5.1.1 Introduction . 26
5.1.2 General . 26
5.1.3 Sensitivity of a hydrophone . 26
5.1.4 Directional response of a hydrophone . 26
5.1.5 Effective hydrophone radius . 27
5.1.6 Choice of the size of a hydrophone active element . 27
5.1.7 Bandwidth . 28
5.1.8 Linearity . 28
5.1.9 Hydrophone signal amplifier . 29
5.1.10 Hydrophone cable length and amplifiers . 29
5.2 Requirements for positioning and water baths . 29
5.2.1 General . 29
5.2.2 Positioning systems . 30
5.2.3 Water bath . 31
5.3 Requirements for data acquisition and analysis systems . 32
5.4 Recommendations for ultrasonic equipment being characterized . 32
6 Measurement procedure . 32
6.1 General . 32
6.2 Preparation and alignment. 33
6.2.1 Preparation. 33
6.2.2 Aligning an ultrasonic transducer and a hydrophone . 33
6.3 Measurement . 33
6.4 Analysis . 33
6.4.1 Corrections for restricted bandwidth and spatial resolution . 33
6.4.2 Uncertainties . 33
7 Beam characterization . 34
7.1 General . 34
7.2 Primary pressure parameters . 35
7.2.1 General . 35
7.2.2 Peak-compressional acoustic pressure and peak-rarefactional
acoustic pressure . 36
7.2.3 Spatial-peak rms acoustic pressure . 36
7.2.4 Non-linear propagation parameter . 36
7.2.5 Intensity parameters using instantaneous acoustic pressure . 37
7.2.6 Intensity parameters using pulse-pressure-squared integral . 37
7.2.7 Derived ultrasonic power . 39
8 Requirements for specific ultrasonic fields . 40
62127-1 IEC:2007 – 3 –
8.1 General . 40
8.2 Diagnostic fields . 40
8.2.1 Simplified procedures and guidelines. 40
8.2.2 Pulsed wave diagnostic equipment . 41
8.2.3 Continuous wave diagnostic equipment . 41
8.3 Therapy fields . 42
8.3.1 Physiotherapy equipment . 42
8.3.2 Hyperthermia . 42
8.4 Surgical fields . 42
8.4.1 Lithotripters and pressure pulse sources for other therapeutic
purposes . 42
8.4.2 Low frequency surgical applications . 43
8.5 Fields from other medical applications . 43
9 Compliance statement . 43
9.1 General . 43
9.2 Maximum probable values . 43
9.3 Sampling . 44
Annex A (informative) General rationale . 45
Annex B (informative) Hydrophones and positioning . 47
Annex C (informative) Acoustic pressure and intensity . 53
Annex D (informative) Voltage to pressure conversion . 55
Annex E (informative) Correction for spatial averaging . 60
Annex F (informative) Acoustic output parameters for multi-mode medical ultrasonic
fields in the absence of scan-frame synchronization . 62
Annex G (informative) Propagation medium and degassing . 68
Annex H (informative) Specific ultrasonic fields. 69
Annex I (informative) Assessment of uncertainty in the acoustic quantities obtained by
hydrophone measurements . 72
Annex J (informative) Transducer and hydrophone positioning systems . 74
Annex K (informative) Beamwidth midpoint method . 75
Bibliography . 76
Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of the different planes and lines in an ultrasonic field
(see also IEC 61828) . 11
Figure 2 – Schematic diagram of the method of determining pulse duration . 35
Figure D.1 – A flow diagram of the hydrophone deconvolution process .
...
IEC 62127-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2013-02
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Hydrophones –
Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to
40 MHz
Ultrasons – Hydrophones –
Partie 1: Mesurage et caractérisation des champs ultrasoniques médicaux
jusqu'à 40 MHz
IEC 62127:2007+AMD1:2013 CSV(en-fr)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur.
Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette
publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
Useful links:
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and
committee,…). definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in
It also gives information on projects, replaced and additional languages. Also known as the International
withdrawn publications. Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication
details all new publications released. Available on-line and or need further assistance, please contact the
also once a month by email. Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch.
A propos de la CEI
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.
A propos des publications CEI
Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez
l’édition la plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.
Liens utiles:
Recherche de publications CEI - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
La recherche avancée vous permet de trouver des Le premier dictionnaire en ligne au monde de termes
publications CEI en utilisant différents critères (numéro de électroniques et électriques. Il contient plus de 30 000
référence, texte, comité d’études,…). termes et définitions en anglais et en français, ainsi que
Elle donne aussi des informations sur les projets et les les termes équivalents dans les langues additionnelles.
publications remplacées ou retirées. Egalement appelé Vocabulaire Electrotechnique
International (VEI) en ligne.
Just Published CEI - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Service Clients - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications de la CEI.
Just Published détaille les nouvelles publications parues. Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur
Disponible en ligne et aussi une fois par mois par email. cette publication ou si vous avez des questions
contactez-nous: csc@iec.ch.
IEC 62127-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2013-02
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Hydrophones –
Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to
40 MHz
Ultrasons – Hydrophones –
Partie 1: Mesurage et caractérisation des champs ultrasoniques médicaux
jusqu'à 40 MHz
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 11.040.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-0635-5
– 2 – 62127-1 IEC:2007+A1:2013
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope and object . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 9
4 List of symbols . 29
5 Measurement requirements . 31
5.1 Requirements for hydrophones and amplifiers . 31
5.1.1 Introduction . 31
5.1.2 General . 31
5.1.3 Sensitivity of a hydrophone . 31
5.1.4 Directional response of a hydrophone . 32
5.1.5 Effective hydrophone radius . 32
5.1.6 Choice of the size of a hydrophone active element . 32
5.1.7 Bandwidth . 33
5.1.8 Linearity . 34
5.1.9 Hydrophone signal amplifier . 34
5.1.10 Hydrophone cable length and amplifiers . 34
5.2 Requirements for positioning and water baths . 35
5.2.1 General . 35
5.2.2 Positioning systems . 35
5.2.3 Water bath . 36
5.3 Requirements for data acquisition and analysis systems . 37
5.4 Recommendations for ultrasonic equipment being characterized . 37
6 Measurement procedure . 38
6.1 General . 38
6.2 Preparation and alignment. 38
6.2.1 Preparation. 38
6.2.2 Aligning an ultrasonic transducer and a hydrophone . 38
6.3 Measurement . 38
6.4 Analysis . 38
6.4.1 Corrections for restricted bandwidth and spatial resolution . 38
6.4.2 Uncertainties . 39
7 Beam characterization . 39
7.1 General . 39
7.2 Primary pressure parameters . 40
7.2.1 General . 40
7.2.2 Peak-compressional acoustic pressure and peak-rarefactional
acoustic pressure . 41
7.2.3 Spatial-peak rms acoustic pressure . 41
7.2.4 Non-linear propagation parameter Local distortion parameter . 42
7.2.5 Intensity parameters using instantaneous acoustic pressure . 42
7.2.6 Intensity parameters using pulse-pressure-squared integral . 43
7.2.7 Derived ultrasonic power . 44
62127-1 IEC:2007+A1:2013 – 3 –
8 Requirements for specific ultrasonic fields . 45
8.1 General . 45
8.2 Diagnostic fields . 45
8.2.1 Simplified procedures and guidelines. 45
8.2.2 Pulsed wave diagnostic equipment . 46
8.2.3 Continuous wave diagnostic equipment . 46
8.3 Therapy fields . 47
8.3.1 Physiotherapy equipment . 47
8.3.2 Hyperthermia . 48
8.4 Surgical fields . 48
8.4.1 Lithotripters and pressure pulse sources for other therapeutic
purposes . 48
8.4.2 Low frequency surgical applications . 48
8.5 Fields from other medical applications . 48
9 Compliance statement . 48
9.1 General . 48
9.2 Maximum probable values . 49
9.3 Sampling . 49
Annex A (informative) General rationale . 50
Annex B (informative) Hydrophones and positioning . 52
Annex C (informative) Acoustic pressure and intensity . 58
Annex D (informative) Voltage to pressure conversion . 60
Annex E (informative) Correction for spatial averaging . 65
Annex F (informative) Acoustic output parameters for multi-mode medical ultrasonic
fields in the absence of scan-frame synchronization . 68
Annex G (informative) Propagation medium and degassing . 74
Annex H (informative) Specific ultrasonic fields. 75
Annex I (informative) Assessment of uncertainty in the acoustic quantities obtained by
hydrophone measurements . 78
Annex J (informative) Transducer and hydrophone positioning systems . 80
Annex K (informative) Beamwidth midpoint method . 81
Bibliography . 82
Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of the different planes and lines in an ultrasonic field
(see also IEC 61828) . 11
Figure 2 – Sc
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.