IEC 61685:2001

Ultrasonics - Flow measurement systems - Flow test object

Specifies parameters for a flow Doppler test object representing a blood vessel of known diameter at a certain depth in human tissue, carrying a steady flow. Establishes a flow Doppler test object which can be used to assess various aspects of the performance of Doppler diagnostic equipment.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 17-Jul-2001
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 17.140.50 - Electroacoustics
• Technical Committee: TC 87 - Ultrasonics
• Drafting Committee: WG 10 - TC 87/WG 10
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 31-Aug-2001
• Completion Date: 18-Jul-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD
First edition
2001-07
Ultrasonics –
Flow measurement systems –
Flow test object
Ultrasons –
Systèmes de mesure de débit –
Montage pour essai de débit
Reference number
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INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD
First edition
2001-07
Ultrasonics –
Flow measurement systems –
Flow test object
Ultrasons –
Systèmes de mesure de débit –
Montage pour essai de débit
 IEC 2001  Copyright - all rights reserved
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– 2 – 61685  IEC:2001(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION .5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Definitions. 6
4 List of symbols . 11
5 General outline of flow Doppler test object. 12
6 Specification of the flow Doppler test object. 12
6.1 General. 12
6.2 Blood-mimicking fluid (BMF). 13
6.3 Tube . 14
6.4 Tissue-mimicking material (TMM). 15
6.5 Geometry. 15
7 Precautions to prevent changes in the composition of the blood-mimicking fluid
(BMF) . 15
8 Specifications for labelling. 16
Annex A (informative) Rationale concerning the position of this standard. 17
Annex B (normative) Formulae relating various quantities . 20
Annex C (informative) Rationale for the numerical values chosen in this standard . 21
Annex D (informative) Description of an example flow Doppler test object . 23
Annex E (informative) Schematic diagram of a possible flow circuit . 32
Annex F (informative) Measuring methods . 33
Bibliography . 34
Figure 1 – Three configurations for Doppler flow test objects. 12
Figure D.1 – The main elements of a flow test object . 24
Figure D.2 – Backscattering coefficient of BMF as a function of frequency . 26
Figure D.3 – Attenuation of TMM () and BMF ({{) as a function of frequency . 26
Figure D.4 – Attenuation of ultrasound by material of tube wall, as a function of
frequency . 27
Figure D.5 – Deformation of velocity spectrum of parabolic flow by attenuation due to
tube wall (wall thickness 1,5 mm). 28
Figure D.6 – Backscattering coefficient of two samples of TMM as a function of
frequency . 29
Figure D.7 – The quotient of attenuation by TMM (1-way passage) and frequency as a
function of frequency . 29
Figure D.8 – Testing for penetration depth . 31
Figure E.1 – Schematic diagram of a possible flow circuit, showing the place of the flow
Doppler test object . 32

61685  IEC:2001(E) – 3 –
Table 1 – Typical ranges of parameters for blood at 37 °C, where f is the acoustic-
working frequency in hertz . 13
Table 2 – Specification of blood-mimicking fluid (BMF). 13
Table 3 – Parameters of tissue-mimicking material (TMM) . 15
Table A.1 – Parameters concerning CW Doppler . 18
Table A.2 – Additional parameters concerning pulsed Doppler and colour flow . 19

– 4 – 61685  IEC:2001(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ULTRASONICS – FLOW MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS –
FLOW TEST OBJECT
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National
Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61685 has been prepared by IEC Technical Committee 87:
Ultrasonics.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
87/202/FDIS 87/208/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Annexes A, C, D, E and F are for information only.
Annex B forms an integral part of this standard.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2006. At this date, the publication will be
reconfirmed;
withdrawn;
replaced by a revised edition, or
amended.
61685  IEC:2001(E) – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this International Standard is to establish a flow Doppler test object for the
acceptance testing, quality assurance testing and clinical calibration of Doppler systems,
working at a frequency between 2 MHz and 10 MHz. As the response of Doppler systems
depends on the signal level and on the spectral contents of the signal, it is desirable to test
some aspects of a Doppler system with a test object that mimics the in vivo situation. A flow
Doppler test object is particularly useful for
− testing the influence of the size and the depth of the blood vessel on the signal recorded by
a Doppler system;
− testing the response of a Doppler system with a spectrum of blood velocities typical of the
in vivo situation.
This flow test object is not intended as a phantom mimicking clinical conditions.
The basis of this International Standard is given by IEC Technical Report 61206:1993
Ultrasonics – Continuous Wave Doppler systems – Test procedures. In annex A the position of
this standard in relation to IEC 61206 and IEC 61895 is described. This standard only declares
parameters that can be measured with the test object. Measurement methods are given in
IEC 61206 and IEC 61895.
This International Standard deals only with the flow Doppler test object in a restricted sense,
i.e. the section in which the ultrasonic measurements are performed. Where the whole of the
set-up is meant, the phrase 'flow rig' is used. The prescriptions of this International Standard
define the ultrasonic properties and the flow pattern in the measurement section of the flow
test object. For other aspects of the flow rig (i.e. generating and measuring flows) standard
engineering practice has to be followed.
The flow conditions are simplified as much as possible: a steady flow through a straight tube
with a circular cross-section. Generalisation of the flow conditions to other geometries and time
dependent flows is required in order to test some instrument functions. This generalisation is
not undertaken in this International Standard.
In annex D, an example flow Doppler test object is described which complies with the
requirements of this International Standard. Compliance with this International Standard can
also be fulfilled by measuring the properties of the materials to be used, and complying with
the values given in this International Standard.
In literature [1], [2] the nomenclature about the primary measurand of Doppler systems is
confused. 'Doppler frequency' and 'velocity' occur on equal footing. In 'velocity' often a
correction for Doppler angle has been included. To avoid this ambiguity, in this International
Standard the term 'Doppler frequency' is preferred. In case a Doppler system is declared to
measure velocity, it is intended that measured values are converted to Doppler frequency,
using acoustic working frequency and, if applicable, Doppler angle.

– 6 – 61685  IEC:2001(E)
ULTRASONICS – FLOW MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS –
FLOW TEST OBJECT
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies parameters for a flow Doppler test object representing
a blood vessel of known diameter at a certain depth in human tissue, carrying a steady flow.
This International Standard establishes a flow Doppler test object which can be used to
assess various aspects of the performance of Doppler diagnostic equipment.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent
amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not a
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