ISO/DIS 11798

Information and documentation — Permanence and durability of writing, printing and copying on paper — Requirements and test methods

This International Standard specifies requirements and test methods for evaluation of the permanence and durability of writing, printing and copying on paper stored in libraries, archives and other protected environments for long periods of time. It is applicable to images on paper with the exception of documents within the scope of ISO/TC 42, Photography; multicoloured images. The information contents of multicoloured images should be retained but not necessarily the full artistic quality of the coloured image. Documents where the information contents are influenced by small colour changes are not covered by this International Standard. It does not apply to documents stored under harmful conditions, such as high humidity that may promote microbiological attack, excessive heat, radiation (e.g. light), high levels of pollutants, or the influence of water. Since documents may be kept in non-protected environments before being transferred to protected environments, resistance to water and light is, however, of importance; legal documentation, e.g. banking documents, where the authenticity is of primary interest.

Information et documentation — Permanence et durabilité de l'écriture, de l'impression et de la reprographie sur des documents papier — Prescriptions et méthodes d'essai

La présente Norme internationale spécifie les prescriptions et les méthodes d'essai pour l'évaluation de la permanence et de la durabilité de l'écriture, de l'impression et de la reprographie sur des documents papier entreposés pendant de longues périodes dans des bibliothèques, centres d'archives et autres environnements protégés. Elle s'applique aux images sur papier, à l'exception des documents relevant du domaine d'application de l'ISO/TC 42, Photographie; aux images en couleurs. Il convient de conserver le contenu informationnel de ces dernières, mais il n'est pas nécessaire que ces images gardent leur parfaite qualité artistique. Les documents dont le contenu informationnel peut être altéré par de légers changements de couleur ne relèvent pas de la présente Norme internationale. Elle ne s'applique pas aux documents conservés dans des conditions inappropriées, par exemple en présence d'un fort taux d'humidité susceptible de favoriser les agressions microbiennes, de chaleur excessive, de rayonnements (lumineux par exemple), de forts taux de polluants, ou d'action de l'eau. Comme il peut arriver que des documents soient conservés dans des environnements non protégés avant d'être transportés dans des environnements protégés, la résistance à l'eau et à la lumière est un élément important; aux documents juridiques, tels que ceux du secteur bancaire, dont l'authenticité est une priorité majeure.

Informatika in dokumentacija - Trajnost in obstojnost pisanja, tiskanja in razmnoževanje na papir - Zahteve in preskusne metode

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 01.140.20 - Information sciences
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 46/SC 10 - Requirements for document storage and conditions for preservation
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 46/SC 10 - Requirements for document storage and conditions for preservation
• Current Stage: 5000 - FDIS registered for formal approval
• Start Date: 16-Feb-2023
• Completion Date: 30-Jan-2023
• Ref Project: oSIST ISO/DIS 11798:2022 - Information and documentation — Permanence and durability of writing, printing and copying on paper — Requirements and test methods

Relations

• Revises: ISO 11798:1999 - Information and documentation — Permanence and durability of writing, printing and copying on paper — Requirements and test methods
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST ISO/DIS 11798:2022
01-december-2022
Informatika in dokumentacija - Trajnost in obstojnost pisanja, tiskanja in
razmnoževanje na papir - Zahteve in preskusne metode

Information and documentation — Permanence and durability of writing, printing and

copying on paper — Requirements and test methods

Information et documentation — Permanence et durabilité de l'écriture, de l'impression et

de la reprographie sur des documents papier — Prescriptions et méthodes d'essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/DIS 11798
ICS:
01.140.20 Informacijske vede Information sciences
oSIST ISO/DIS 11798:2022 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST ISO/DIS 11798:2022
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oSIST ISO/DIS 11798:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 11798
ISO/TC 46/SC 10 Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2022-08-04 2022-10-27
Information and documentation — Permanence and
durability of writing, printing and copying on paper —
Requirements and test methods

Information et documentation — Permanence et durabilité de l'écriture, de l'impression et de la

reprographie sur des documents papier — Prescriptions et méthodes d'essai
ICS: 01.140.20
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
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STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
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POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 11798:2022(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
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NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2022
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oSIST ISO/DIS 11798:2022
ISO/DIS 11798:2022(E)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 11798
ISO/TC 46/SC 10 Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
Information and documentation — Permanence and
durability of writing, printing and copying on paper —
Requirements and test methods

Information et documentation — Permanence et durabilité de l'écriture, de l'impression et de la

reprographie sur des documents papier — Prescriptions et méthodes d'essai
ICS: 01.140.20
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
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© ISO 2022
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.

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IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS

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ISO copyright office
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CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
Phone: [phone]
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
Email: [e-mail]
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Website: www.iso.org ISO/DIS 11798:2022(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
Published in Switzerland
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2022
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oSIST ISO/DIS 11798:2022
ISO/DIS 11798:2022(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4 Preparation of specimens ..........................................................................................................................................................................4

4.1 Performance testing paper .......................................................................................................................................................... 4

4.2 Conditioning of document substrates and recording atmosphere .......................................................... 4

4.3 Specifications for sample preparation .............................................................................................................................. 4

4.4 Conditioning of specimens ........................................................................................................................................................... 4

4.5 Reference material used for testing of mechanical properties ................................................................... 5

5 Required characteristics ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5

5.1 Colour fastness ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

5.2 Visual appearance ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.3 Lightfastness ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 6

5.4 Water resistance ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.5 Transfer of recording ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6

5.6 Abrasion resistance ......... .................................................................................................................................. ................................. 7

5.7 Resistance to heat ................................................................................................................................................................................ 7

5.8 Effects of recording on the mechanical strength of the paper .................................................................... 7

5.8.1 Tensile energy absorption.......................................................................................................................................... 7

5.8.2 Folding endurance ................................... ........................................................................................................ .................. 7

6 Testing............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

6.1 Colour fastness ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

6.2 Visual appearance ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8

6.3 Lightfastness ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 9

6.4 Water resistance ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

6.5 Transfer of recording ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9

6.6 Abrasion resistance ......... .................................................................................................................................. ................................. 9

6.7 Resistance to heat ............................................................................................................................................................................. 10

6.8 Effects of recording on the mechanical strength of the paper ................................................................. 11

6.8.1 Tensile energy absorption....................................................................................................................................... 11

6.8.2 Folding endurance ................................... ........................................................................................................ ............... 11

7 Test report ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................12

Annex A (normative) Performance testing paper ..............................................................................................................................13

Annex B (normative) Specimen preparation ...........................................................................................................................................14

Annex C (normative) Printout templates for sample preparation of printers and copying

machines ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................16

Annex D (informative) Reporting forms .......................................................................................................................................................21

iii
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Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Subcommittee SC 10 Requirements for

document storage and conditions for preservation.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11798:1999), which has been technically

revised.
The main changes are as follows:

— The reference material used for the testing of mechanical properties has been defined and shall,

prior to testing, be handled according to clause 4.5

— CIELAB measurements replaces optical density measurements, i.e. evaluation of monocoloured

printing shall be performed by CIELAB measurements (formerly evaluated by optical density

measurements). Accordingly, microdensitometers or densitometers are no longer needed

— Colour fastness (clause 5.1 and 6.1) shall be followed to evaluate recording (monocoloured and

multicoloured) for lightfastness (clause 6.3), water resistance (clause 6.4) and resistance to heat

(clause 6.8)

— Table 1 (clause 5.1) presents, for printing devices, elaborated CIELAB lightness and colour shift

* * * *

requirements ΔL , Δa , Δb , and in addition, a new requirement of ΔE (Euclidean distance

between two CIELAB coordinates)

— Table 2 (clause 5.1) presents, for pens and stamp pads, requirement of maximum CIELAB lightness

change ΔL

— Abrasion resistance (formerly referred to as resistance to wear) shall be evaluated by the degree of

abrasion (clause 6.6) and is determined by CIELAB measurements prior to, and after, abrasion

— Detailed descriptions of specimen preparation for pens and stamp pads, three printout templates

for specimen preparation from printers and copying machines and reporting forms are given in

Annexes
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Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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Introduction

It is of great importance that recording of images on paper which, during long-term storage in libraries,

archives, and other protected environments, will undergo little or no change in properties that affects

its use. The documents must preserve their information content and thus enable information storage

and information supply for the future. Accordingly, it is important to study the permanence and

durability of recording on paper.

Writing materials and printing equipment meeting the requirements given in this document can be

used in the preparation of paper documents intended for long-term storage and recurrent use. Such

documents contain permanent and durable images, i.e. images likely to be stable and thus undergo

little or no change in properties that influence legibility and the possibility of copying or converting the

paper documents to other data carriers.

This document specifies requirements and testing methods for evaluation of the permanence and

durability of images. It is primarily intended for recording on writing, printing, and photo-copying

papers in accordance with ISO 9706 (permanent paper) or ISO 11108 (archival paper). The standard

does not specifically evaluate permanence and durability of books, but if permanent/archival paper is

used in combination with recording that meets the requirements in this standard, the book content will

most likely become permanent. However, book bindings and covers are not included.

Permanent paper and archival paper, used in the preparation of documents, may differ widely in

properties of importance for the quality and permanence of the image. Some properties of an image, e.g.

abrasion resistance, depend on the combination of the image and the paper. The testing conditions of

this document are chosen so that results, representative of most papers on the market to be used for a

particular imaging process, shall be obtained.
In this document, the requirements are given in the following attributes:
— visual image colour strength and appearance;
— lightfastness;
— water resistance;
— transfer of recorded image;
— abrasion resistance;
— resistance to heat;
— effect of recording on the mechanical strength of the paper

Experience has shown that images written with carbon black ink as well as printed images using

commercial printing inks have proved to be consistently reliable. There are, however, many documents

where acidic inks have affected the paper to such an extent that the paper has corroded, and images

produced from dry or liquid toner are also susceptible to ageing problems.

Images prepared with modern material and machinery are often completely different from old images

with respect to composition and properties. The rapid development of new printing techniques makes

this testing very important. One printing device may have a successor only within a few years after it

was launched. Therefore, conclusions based on studies of old documents in libraries and archives are of

limited use when discussing the permanence of modern documents.

Strictly speaking, the only way to test the permanence and durability of documents is to handle them

and to store them under the relevant conditions for long periods of time. In practice, one must rely upon

observations made on documents kept for a few decades only, and on evaluation of the effect of factors

known to influence the permanence and durability of the image. Accordingly, the testing according

to this International Standard does not correlate to lifetime of documents, but rather that documents

that fulfil the requirements can be stored for a long time in the future in archives and protected

environments, probably for several hundred years.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 11798:2022(E)
Information and documentation — Permanence and
durability of writing, printing and copying on paper —
Requirements and test methods
1 Scope

This document specifies requirements and test methods for evaluation of the permanence and

durability of writing, printing, and copying on paper stored in libraries, archives, and other protected

environments for long periods of time, in which the information contents of images must be retained

but not necessarily the full artistic quality.
It is applicable to:
— images on white permanent paper in accordance with ISO 9706 or ISO 11108;

— recording obtained from pens, stamp pads, copying machines and printers (that can produce

monocoloured and/or multicoloured images)
It does not apply to:

— documents stored under harmful conditions, such as high humidity that promotes microbiological

attack, excessive heat, radiation (e.g. light), high levels of pollutants, or the influence of water.

Since documents are kept in non-protected environments before being transferred to protected

environments, resistance to water and light is, however, of importance;

— legal documentation, e.g. banking documents, where the authenticity is of primary interest;

— documents where the information contents are influenced by small colour changes;

— documents within the scope of ISO/TC 42, Photography.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 1924-2, Paper and board — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Constant rate of elongation

method (20 mm/min)

ISO 2470-1, Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor — Part 1: Indoor

daylight conditions (ISO brightness)

ISO 4892-2, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps

ISO 5626, Paper — Determination of folding endurance
ISO 9352, Plastics — Determination of resistance to wear by abrasive wheels

ISO 9706, Information and documentation — Paper for documents — Requirements for permanence

ISO 11108, Information and documentation — Archival paper — Requirements for permanence and

durability
ISO 12757-1, Ball point pens and refills — Part 1: General use
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ISO 12757-2, Ball point pens and refills — Part 2: Documentary use (DOC)

ISO 13655, Graphic technology — Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic arts

images
ISO 14145-1, Roller ball pens and refills — Part 1: General use
ISO 14145-2, Roller ball pens and refills — Part 2: Documentary use (DOC)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
abrasion resistance (or rub resistance)

characteristic of a document with recording (3.14) against losses of image or text from the action of

abrasion (i.e. the ability of materials and structures to withstand mechanical wear or rubbing by means

of friction)

Note 1 to entry: Abrasion resistance can be evaluated by the degree of abrasion (3.4)

3.2
archival paper

paper of high permanence (3.11) and high durability (3.6) in accordance with ISO 11108

3.3
CIELAB

three-dimensional colour space defined by International Commission on Illumination in 1976

(synonymously referred to as CIE 1976 L*a*b*)

Note 1 to entry: The three coordinates that constitute the colour space (referred to as L*a*b*) represents the

following:
L* = lightness, where 0 represents black and 100 represents white

a* = position between red and green, where negative a signifies green and positive a signifies red

b* = position between blue and yellow, where negative b indicates blue and positive b indicates yellow

[SOURCE: Modified from ISO 11164-4]
3.4
degree of abrasion

measure of the magnitude of loss of recorded image (or text) on paper because of abrasion (or wear, or

rubbing)

Note 1 to entry: Degree of abrasion is evaluated by measuring L* of a printed image or text prior to and after the

abrasion test, according to ISO 13655, and is calculated according to clause 6.6.

3.5
document
recorded information which can be treated as a unit in a documentation process
[SOURCE: ISO 5127-1:1983 ]

1) ISO 5127-1:2017, Documentation and information — Vocabulary — Part 1: Basic concepts.

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3.6
durability
ability to resist the effects of wear and tear during recurrent use
3.7
image

visual representation with colourants (such as dyes or pigments) distributed on paper as text

characters, lines, colour patches or other visually identifiable patterns
3.8
monochromatic image
image with recording (3.14) in one colour
3.9
multicoloured image

image composed of recording (3.14) in more than one colour, where the colours constitute part of the

information contents

Note 1 to entry: It can be separated into different base colours (e.g. black, cyan magenta and yellow)

Note 2 to entry: Not to be confused with a coloured image. A coloured image is in this standard referred to as an

image recorded uniformly of one colour.
3.10
performance testing paper
permanent paper (3.13) or archival paper (3.2) used for sample preparation

Note 1 to entry: The performance testing paper shall be handled according to clause 4.1 and meet the

requirements of Annex A
3.11
permanence
ability to remain chemically and physically stable over long periods of time
3.12
permanent image

image (3.7) which, during long-term storage in libraries, archives and other protected environments

will undergo little or no change in properties that affect its use
3.13
permanent paper
paper of high permanence (3.11) in accordance with ISO 9706
3.14
recording
the process of performing writing, printing, and copying on paper
3.15
spot-coloured image

specialized ink mixes to create a specific predetermined uniform colour in commercial printing

3.16
sample
aggregate of all the specimens (3.17) taken to be representative of a lot
[SOURCE: ISO 4046-5:2016]
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3.17
specimen

a portion of a paper or board sample (in this context performance testing paper with recording from the

tested writing, printing, or copying material) sufficient in size so that test pieces (3.18) can be obtained

from it
[SOURCE: Modified from ISO 4046-5:2016, 5.118]
3.18
test piece

piece or pieces of paper or board on which the measurement is carried out in accordance with the

stipulations of the method of test
[SOURCE: ISO 4046-5:2016]
4 Preparation of specimens
4.1 Performance testing paper
Paper used for production of specimens shall meet the requirements of Annex A.

For the use of archival paper (in accordance with ISO 11108) as performance testing paper, watermarks

may be present on various spots throughout the specimens. Such imprints are basically attenuations

of the paper and indicate authenticity. To avoid misleading testing results, the watermarks shall be

avoided for the test piece preparation when tested according to 6.1, 6.3, 6.4, 6.6, 6.7 and 6.8.

4.2 Conditioning of document substrates and recording atmosphere

Preferably, material (including paper) should be conditioned for at least 15 h at (23 ± 1) °C and (50 ± 2) %

RH before recording. The recording should be performed in the same atmosphere. If this is not possible,

instructions from the manufacturer of the recording equipment to be tested shall be followed.

4.3 Specifications for sample preparation

Specimens for testing purposes shall be prepared as described in an International Standard dealing with

the specific type of recording equipment. If no such standard is available, the preparation of specimens

shall be performed according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the recording equipment.

The test patterns shall be recorded to conform with each clause of chapter 6 using the same printing/

writing method, ink, and paper combination, identical to the intended application or user case.

Characters, spacing, etc. shall represent normal use of the recording equipment intended for testing.

Specimen preparation shall also meet the requirements of Annex B.

Three printout templates and number of specimens that shall be used for sample preparation are given

Table C.1 in Annex C.

For printers and other machines, in addition to the product designation, note the serial number and the

print adjustment (such as paper setting, driver setting, colour mode and printing speed used) if specific

print adjustments are to be made.

NOTE Print adjustments and other print settings have major impact on the permanence of images.

Accordingly, the print adjustments and print settings are two very important parameters to mention because

other settings, on the same printer, can drastically change the quality of the document and may thus not be

permanent.
4.4 Conditioning of specimens

Printed specimens shall be dried or cured and conditioned to the level of the intended use prior to

testing. The specimens shall be kept at (23 ± 1) °C and (50 ± 2) % RH for at least 24 hours (depending

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on the type of printing method) prior to further test piece preparation and testing. Inks that must

evaporate or cure, such as water-based inkjet-printed specimens, shall be conditioned at least 7 days

prior to the testing. When testing the mechanical strength of the paper (see 6.8),

...