ISO 5364:2026
(Main)Anaesthetic and respiratory equipment — Oropharyngeal airways
- Abstract
This document specifies requirements for oropharyngeal airways. This document is not applicable to metal oropharyngeal airways, nor to requirements concerning flammability of oropharyngeal airways. This document is not applicable to supralaryngeal airways, which are covered by ISO 11712[1]. The requirements that are also applicable to other airway devices have been removed from this document as they now appear in the general airway device standard (ISO 18190). The requirements in this device-specific standard take precedence over any conflicting requirements in the general standard for airway devices (ISO 18190).
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 25-May-2026
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 121/SC 2 - Airways and related equipment
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 121/SC 2/WG 13 - Airway tubes and connectors
- Current Stage
- 6060 - International Standard published
- Start Date
- 26-May-2026
- Due Date
- 05-Jun-2027
- Completion Date
- 26-May-2026
Buy Documents
ISO 5364:2026 - Anaesthetic and respiratory equipment — Oropharyngeal airways
ISO 5364:2026 - Matériel d'anesthésie et de réanimation respiratoire — Canules oropharyngées
ISO 5364:2026 is an International Standard from ISO for oropharyngeal airways used in anaesthetic and respiratory equipment. It specifies the device requirements, test methods, marking, and manufacturer information needed for design, production, inspection, and purchasing decisions.
What does ISO 5364:2026 specify?
ISO 5364:2026 specifies requirements for oropharyngeal airways and gives the device-specific rules that apply to them. It excludes metal oropharyngeal airways, flammability requirements, and supralaryngeal airways; the latter are covered by ISO 11712.
The document is organized into clauses on scope, normative references, terms and definitions, general requirements, materials, design requirements, cleaning disinfection and sterilization, and information to be supplied by the manufacturer. Annexes A to D provide rationale, test methods, and guidance.
| Annex | What it covers |
|---|---|
| A | Rationale for key requirements, including colour coding |
| B | Test method for resistance to collapse of the buccal portion |
| C | Test method for patency of lumen |
| D | Guidance on materials and design |
The standard also states that where its requirements conflict with ISO 18190, the device-specific requirements in ISO 5364 take precedence.
What are the key requirements of ISO 5364:2026?
Safety, materials, and reprocessing
Clause 4 requires conformance with the general airway-device requirements in ISO 18190:2025 and says conformity is checked by inspection of the risk management file. Clause 4.2 requires the airway to minimize dental and soft tissue trauma, which means the design has to protect teeth and soft tissues during insertion and use.
Clause 5 requires compliance with ISO 18190:2025 for general material provisions, and adds that the material must resist deterioration in contact with anaesthetic gases and volatile agents. If the airway is reusable, its material must also withstand foreseeable cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization methods.
Clause 7 applies the cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization requirements of ISO 18190:2025. For users, this ties the product to its intended reprocessing route and to the material choice behind it.
Size, dimensions, and mechanical performance
Clause 6.2 says the size is designated by nominal length in centimetres. Table 1 links the designated size to the nominal length and minimum inside dimension, so manufacturers and buyers can match the label to the actual airway size.
Clause 6.3 requires the length to match Table 1, the inside dimension to be no less than Table 1 at any point, and tissue-contact edges and corners to have a minimum radius of curvature of 0.5 mm. In practice, this helps keep the airway open and reduces the chance of tissue injury.
Clause 6.3.4 requires the buccal portion to resist collapse at 40 °C under a size-dependent force, with a minimum retained inside dimension of 75 percent of the Table 1 value. Annex B gives the test method, so manufacturers can verify the airway keeps its shape under load.
Clause 6.3.5 requires lumen patency not to reduce by more than 25 percent at 40 °C under a 5 N force. Annex C gives the test method, which matters because the lumen must remain usable for airflow and for passage of other devices.
Clause 6.3.6 requires any reinforcement insert to be securely attached and to meet the material requirements. That keeps inserts from becoming loose parts and ensures they do not introduce material problems.
Marking and identification
Clause 8.2 requires marking on the flanged end with the designated size, the manufacturer and/or supplier name or trademark, and an indication of natural rubber latex if present. Clause 8.2.2 requires size colour coding, and Clause 8.2.3 says the colour code must be visible from the flanged end.
Clause 8.3 requires shelf or multi-unit packs to be marked with the designated size. This supports fast selection and stock control, especially where many sizes are stored together.
What terms does ISO 5364:2026 define?
- Oropharyngeal airway - a device intended to maintain a gas pathway through the oral cavity and pharynx.
- Pharyngeal end - the end intended to be inserted into the patient’s oropharynx.
- Flanged end - the end intended to remain outside the teeth or gums and identified by the flange.
- Nominal length - the centimetre-based size designation used for the airway.
- Buccal portion - the part of the airway in the mouth area that is tested for collapse resistance.
- Patency of lumen - the ability of the airway passage to remain open enough for a steel ball to pass in the test method.
- Reinforcement insert - an inserted structural element, if provided, that must remain securely attached.
Who uses ISO 5364:2026?
ISO 5364:2026 is used by airway-device manufacturers, material suppliers, and test laboratories when designing, selecting materials for, and verifying oropharyngeal airways. It is also used by quality managers, purchasers, and auditors who need a clear basis for size marking, mechanical performance, reprocessing suitability, and product identification.
What changed in ISO 5364:2026 from the previous edition?
ISO 5364:2026 cancels and replaces ISO 5364:2016. The documented changes are that the standard has been rewritten to follow the format of ISO 18190, and the test temperature for lumen testing and patency has changed from 34 °C to 40 °C to reflect ambient conditions that can be reached in emergency use in some countries.
Which standards are used with ISO 5364:2026?
| Standard | What it contributes |
|---|---|
| ISO 18190:2025 | General requirements for airway devices and related equipment; ISO 5364 applies its Clauses 4 to 8 where stated |
| ISO 11712 | Covers supralaryngeal airways, which are outside the scope of ISO 5364 |
| ISO 4135:2022 | Supplies the source definitions for the terms used in Clause 3 |
What does the ISO 5364:2026 document contain?
ISO 5364:2026 includes Table 1 for size designation and dimensions, Figure 1 for airway geometry and component parts, and Figure 2 for typical marking locations. Table 2 gives the size colour code used for rapid identification.
It also includes two normative test methods: Annex B for collapse resistance of the buccal portion and Annex C for patency of lumen. Both methods specify conditioning at 40 °C, the test forces, the apparatus, and how to report the result.
Annex A explains the rationale for key choices such as colour coding, and Annex D gives guidance on materials and design, including surface smoothness, corrosion resistance for inserts, and resistance to clinically used agents and lubricants.
Relations
- Consolidates
EN ISO 5364:2026 - Anaesthetic and respiratory equipment - Oropharyngeal airways (ISO 5364:2026) - Effective Date
- 12-Feb-2026
- Effective Date
- 15-Jun-2024
- Effective Date
- 08-Jun-2024
Buy Documents
ISO 5364:2026 - Anaesthetic and respiratory equipment — Oropharyngeal airways
ISO 5364:2026 - Matériel d'anesthésie et de réanimation respiratoire — Canules oropharyngées
Get Certified
Connect with accredited certification bodies for this standard

BSI Group
BSI (British Standards Institution) is the business standards company that helps organizations make excellence a habit.

TÜV Rheinland
TÜV Rheinland is a leading international provider of technical services.

TÜV SÜD
TÜV SÜD is a trusted partner of choice for safety, security and sustainability solutions.
Sponsored listings
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 5364:2026 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Anaesthetic and respiratory equipment — Oropharyngeal airways". This standard covers: This document specifies requirements for oropharyngeal airways. This document is not applicable to metal oropharyngeal airways, nor to requirements concerning flammability of oropharyngeal airways. This document is not applicable to supralaryngeal airways, which are covered by ISO 11712[1]. The requirements that are also applicable to other airway devices have been removed from this document as they now appear in the general airway device standard (ISO 18190). The requirements in this device-specific standard take precedence over any conflicting requirements in the general standard for airway devices (ISO 18190).
This document specifies requirements for oropharyngeal airways. This document is not applicable to metal oropharyngeal airways, nor to requirements concerning flammability of oropharyngeal airways. This document is not applicable to supralaryngeal airways, which are covered by ISO 11712[1]. The requirements that are also applicable to other airway devices have been removed from this document as they now appear in the general airway device standard (ISO 18190). The requirements in this device-specific standard take precedence over any conflicting requirements in the general standard for airway devices (ISO 18190).
ISO 5364:2026 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 11.040.10 - Anaesthetic, respiratory and reanimation equipment. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 5364:2026 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN ISO 5364:2026, ISO 23629-8:2023, ISO 5364:2016. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ISO 5364:2026 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO 5364
Sixth edition
Anaesthetic and respiratory
2026-05
equipment — Oropharyngeal
airways
Matériel d'anesthésie et de réanimation respiratoire — Canules
oropharyngées
Reference number
© ISO 2026
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General requirements . 2
4.1 General .2
4.2 Safety.2
5 Materials . 2
5.1 General .2
5.2 Material requirements.2
6 Design requirements . 2
6.1 General .2
6.2 Size designation .2
6.3 Dimensions .4
7 Cleaning disinfection and sterilization . 4
8 Information to be supplied by the manufacturer . 5
8.1 General .5
8.2 Marking .5
8.3 Marking of shelf or multi-unit packs .6
Annex A (informative) Rationale . 7
Annex B (normative) Test method for resistance to collapse of the buccal portion . 9
Annex C (normative) Test method for patency of lumen .11
Annex D (informative) Guidance on materials and design .13
Bibliography . 14
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 121, Anaesthetic and respiratory equipment,
Subcommittee SC 2, Airway devices and related equipment, in collaboration with the European Committee
for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 215, Respiratory and anaesthetic equipment, in
accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This sixth edition cancels and replaces the fifth edition (ISO 5364:2016), which has been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— this document has been rewritten to follow the format of ISO 18190;
— the temperature of testing the lumen of the buccal portion and patency has changed from 34 °C to 40 °C
to reflect the ambient conditions that can be reached in emergency use in some countries.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
This document specifies dimensions and other requirements for oropharyngeal airways.
Airway size is designated by length, which is important when selecting an oropharyngeal airway to hold
forward the base of the tongue to prevent obstruction of the airway by the soft tissues.
Airway size is indicated by a legible marking and by a colour code, which are important to allow rapid
identification and selection in emergencies.
NOTE The terms defined in Clause 3 are denoted throughout the document in italic font.
v
International Standard ISO 5364:2026(en)
Anaesthetic and respiratory equipment — Oropharyngeal
airways
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for oropharyngeal airways.
This document is not applicable to metal oropharyngeal airways, nor to requirements concerning
flammability of oropharyngeal airways.
[1]
This document is not applicable to supralaryngeal airways, which are covered by ISO 11712 .
The requirements that are also applicable to other airway devices have been removed from this document
as they now appear in the general airway device standard (ISO 18190).
The requirements in this device-specific standard take precedence over any conflicting requirements in the
general standard for airway devices (ISO 18190).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 18190:2025, Anaesthetic and respiratory equipment — General requirements for airway devices and related
equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
oropharyngeal airway
device intended to maintain a gas pathway through the oral cavity and pharynx
[SOURCE: ISO 4135:2022, 3.8.2.2]
3.2
pharyngeal end
end of an oropharyngeal airway (3.1) which is intended to be inserted into a patient’s oropharynx
[SOURCE: ISO 4135:2022, 3.8.2.5]
3.3
flanged end
that end of an oropharyngeal airway (3.1) which is flanged and is intended to be external to the teeth or
gums
[SOURCE: ISO 4135:2022, 3.8.2.4]
4 General requirements
4.1 General
The requirements of ISO 18190:2025, Clause 4, shall apply.
Check conformance by inspection of the risk management file.
4.2 Safety
The oropharyngeal airway shall minimize the risk of dental and soft tissue trauma.
EXAMPLE Risk reduction to prevent dental and soft tissue trauma during use can be achieved through the use of
polymers or rubbers that protect the dental section and tip of the oropharyngeal airway.
Check conform
...
Norme
internationale
ISO 5364
Sixième édition
Matériel d'anesthésie et de
2026-05
réanimation respiratoire — Canules
oropharyngées
Anaesthetic and respiratory equipment — Oropharyngeal
airways
Numéro de référence
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2026
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Exigences générales . . 2
4.1 Généralités .2
4.2 Sécurité .2
5 Matériaux . 2
5.1 Généralités .2
5.2 Exigences relatives aux matériaux .2
6 Exigences de conception . 2
6.1 Généralités .2
6.2 Désignation des tailles .2
6.3 Dimensions .4
7 Nettoyage, désinfection et stérilisation . 4
8 Informations à fournir par le fabricant . 5
8.1 Généralités .5
8.2 Marquage .5
8.3 Marquage des emballages de protection ou de groupage .6
Annexe A (informative) Justifications . 7
Annexe B (normative) Méthode d'essai de la résistance à l'aplatissement de la pièce buccale . 9
Annexe C (normative) Méthode d'essai de non-occlusion de la lumière .11
Annexe D (informative) Recommandations relatives aux matériaux et à la conception .13
Bibliographie . 14
iii
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux
de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général
confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire
partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a
été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir
www.iso.org/directives).
L’ISO attire l’attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l’utilisation
d’un ou de plusieurs brevets. L’ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l’applicabilité de
tout droit de brevet revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l’ISO n'avait pas
reçu notification qu’un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application. Toutefois,
il y a lieu d’avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent document que des informations
plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de brevets, disponible à l'adresse
www.iso.org/brevets. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié tout ou partie de
tels droits de propriété.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion de
l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au
commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 121, Matériel d'anesthésie et de réanimation
respiratoire, sous-comité SC 2, Canules et équipement connexe, en collaboration avec le comité technique CEN/
TC 215, Équipement respiratoire et anesthésique, du Comité européen de normalisation (CEN) conformément
à l’Accord de coopération technique entre l’ISO et le CEN (Accord de Vienne).
Cette sixième édition annule et remplace la cinquième édition (ISO 5364:2016), qui a fait l'objet d'une
révision technique.
Les principales modifications sont les suivantes:
— le présent document a été réécrit pour suivre le format de l'ISO 18190;
— la température d'essai pour la lumière de la pièce buccale et la non-occlusion de la canule est passée
de 34 °C à 40 °C afin de refléter les conditions ambiantes qui peuvent être atteintes en cas d'utilisation
d'urgence dans certains pays.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes se
trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Le présent spécifie les dimensions et autres exigences relatives aux canules oropharyngées.
La taille de la canule oropharyngée est désignée par la longueur, ce qui est important lorsque l'on choisit une
canule oropharyngée pour maintenir vers l'avant la base de la langue afin d'éviter l'obstruction des voies
aériennes par les tissus mous.
La taille de la canule oropharyngée est indiquée par un marquage lisible et par un code couleur, qui sont
importants pour permettre une identification et un choix rapides en situations d'urgence.
NOTE Les termes définis dans l'Article 3 sont indiqués dans l'ensemble du document en caractères italiques.
v
Norme internationale ISO 5364:2026(fr)
Matériel d'anesthésie et de réanimation respiratoire —
Canules oropharyngées
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document spécifie les exigences relatives aux canules oropharyngées.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux canules oropharyngées en métal, et ne traite pas des exigences
concernant l'inflammabilité des canules oropharyngées.
[1]
Il ne s'applique pas aux canules supralaryngées, qui sont couvertes par l'ISO 11712 .
Les exigences qui s'appliquent également à d'autres canules ont été supprimées du présent document car
elles figurent désormais dans la norme générale relative aux canules (ISO 18190).
Les exigences qui figurent dans cette norme spécifique au dispositif prévalent sur toute exigence
contradictoire de la norme générale relative aux canules (ISO 18190).
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour
les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 18190:2025, Matériel d’anesthésie et de réanimation respiratoire — Exigences générales pour canules et
équipement connexe
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en normalisation,
consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
canule oropharyngée
dispositif destiné à maintenir la liberté des voies aériennes à travers la cavité buccale et le pharynx
[SOURCE: ISO 4135:2022, 3.8.2.2]
3.2
extrémité (intra) pharyngée
extrémité de la canule oropharyngée (3.1) qui est destinée à être insérée dans les voies oropharyngées du
patient
[SOURCE: ISO 4135:2022, 3.8.2.5]
3.3
extrémité (intra) buccale
extrémité à collerette
extrémité de la canule oropharyngée (3.1) qui a une collerette susceptible de s’appliquer sur les lèvres, entre
les dents ou les gencives
[SOURCE: ISO 4135:2022, 3.8.2.4]
4 Exigences générales
4.1 Généralités
Les exigences de l’ISO 18190:2025, Article 4, doivent s’appliquer.
Vérifier la conformité par examen du dossier de gestion des risques.
4.2 Sécurité
La canule oropharyngée doit réduire au minimum le risque de traumatisme des dents et des tissus mous.
EXEMPLE La réduction des risques pour prévenir les traumatismes des dents et des tissus mous pendant
l'utilisation de la canule peut être obtenue en utilisant des polymères ou des caoutchoucs qui protègent la section
dentaire et l'extrémité de la canule oropharyngée.
Vérifier la conformité par examen du dossier de gestion des risques.
5 Matériaux
5.1 Généralités
Les exigences de l’ISO 18190:2025, Article 5, doivent s’appliquer.
NOTE L'Annexe D donne des recommandations concernant les matériaux.
5.2 Exigences relatives aux matériaux
Le matériau utilisé doit:
a) résister à la détérioration en cas de contact avec des gaz anesthésiques et des agents volatils; et
b) s'il est réutilisable,
...







