ISO/IEC 27404:2025
(Main)Cybersecurity — IoT security and privacy — Cybersecurity labelling framework for consumer IoT
Cybersecurity — IoT security and privacy — Cybersecurity labelling framework for consumer IoT
This document defines a cybersecurity labelling framework for the development and implementation of cybersecurity labelling programmes for consumer Internet of things (IoT) products. It provides requirements and guidance on the following topics: — risks and threats associated with consumer IoT products; — stakeholders, roles and responsibilities; — relevant standards and guidance documents; — conformity assessment; — labelling issuance and maintenance; — mutual recognition. This document is limited to consumer IoT products, such as: — IoT gateways, base stations and hubs to which multiple devices connect; smart cameras, televisions, and speakers; — wearable devices; — connected smoke detectors, door locks and window sensors; — connected home automation and alarm systems; — connected appliances, such as washing machines and fridges; — smart home assistants; and — connected children’s toys and baby monitors. Products that are not intended for consumer use are excluded from this document. Examples of excluded devices are those that are primarily intended for manufacturing, healthcare and other industrial purposes. This document is applicable to consumers, developers, issuing bodies of cybersecurity labels and conformity assessment bodies.
Cybersécurité — Sécurité et protection de la vie privée pour l'IDO — Cadre d'étiquetage de cybersécurité pour l'IDO grand public
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO/IEC 27404
First edition
Cybersecurity — IoT security and
2025-10
privacy — Cybersecurity labelling
framework for consumer IoT
Cybersécurité — Sécurité et protection de la vie privée pour l'IDO
— Cadre d'étiquetage de cybersécurité pour l'IDO grand public
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2025
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© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms . 4
5 Overview of cybersecurity labelling for consumer IoT . 5
5.1 Cybersecurity labelling for consumer IoT .5
5.2 Guiding principles .5
5.3 Programme objectives .6
5.4 Threats and risks to consumer IoT products .6
5.4.1 General .6
5.4.2 Assumptions .6
5.4.3 Risk considerations and high-level categories .7
5.4.4 Security threats and risks .7
5.4.5 Privacy threats and risks.8
5.5 Relevant standards and guidance documents .9
6 International alignment through a cybersecurity labelling framework . 9
6.1 Objectives for international alignment .9
6.2 Determination of cybersecurity requirements through relevant standards and
guidance documents . .9
7 Requirements and guidance for the components of the cybersecurity labelling
framework for consumer IoT .10
7.1 General .10
7.2 Requirements for the cybersecurity labelling framework components .10
7.3 Guidance on the core components of cybersecurity labelling framework .11
7.4 Guidance on key stakeholders’ roles and responsibilities . 12
7.5 Guidance on binary and multi-level labelling schemes . 13
7.5.1 General . 13
7.5.2 Binary versus multi-level labelling schemes . 13
7.5.3 Basis for levels .14
7.6 Guidance on mutual- and cross-recognition .14
7.6.1 General .14
7.6.2 Benefits .14
7.6.3 Equivalency determination . 15
7.7 Guidance on conformity assessment . 15
7.7.1 General . 15
7.7.2 Assessment activities considerations . 15
7.8 Guidance on implementation considerations .16
8 Requirements and guidance for labelling issuance and maintenance for consumer IoT .16
8.1 General .16
8.2 Requirements for labelling issuance and maintenance for consumer IoT .17
8.3 Guidance on acceptance criteria and validation of application .17
8.4 Guidance on label validity .18
8.4.1 Scope of validity .18
8.4.2 Recommendations for labelled consumer IoT products during validity period .18
8.5 Guidance on surveillance and monitoring .18
8.6 Guidance on label maintenance and lifecycle of consumer IoT .19
8.7 Guidance on renewal of labels .19
8.8 Guidance on revocation of labels .19
8.9 Guidance on change of underlying standard . 20
8.10 Guidance on label design and characteristics. 20
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
8.10.1 General . 20
8.10.2 Label design . 20
8.10.3 Label characteristics.21
Annex A (informative) Types and features of cybersecurity labels .22
Annex B (informative) Illustrative examples of multi-level labelling schemes .25
Annex C (informative) Illustrative examples of binary labelling schemes .34
Annex D (informative) Determination of equivalency among labelling schemes .39
Annex E (informative) Examples of cybersecurity baseline provisions . 47
Annex F (informative) Examples of security-by-design provisions .58
Annex G (informative) Examples of privacy assessment requirements .60
Bibliography .62
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iv
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/
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