ISO 12817:2013
(Main)Fibre-reinforced plastic composites — Determination of open-hole compression strength
Fibre-reinforced plastic composites — Determination of open-hole compression strength
ISO 12817:2013 specifies the test method to determine the open-hole compressive strength of laminated fibre-reinforced plastic composites. The laminate is intended to be a balanced and symmetrical lay-up or be otherwise homogeneous through the thickness. ISO 12817:2013 applies to all textile diameter fibre types (carbon, glass, aramids, etc.) and matrices (e.g. thermoset, thermoplastic) that meet its requirements. ISO 12817:2013 includes three methods: method 1 (short specimen with support fixture); method 2 (short specimen without support fixture); method 3 (long specimen with support fixture as in ASTM D 6484M-09, methods A and B).
Composites plastiques renforcés de fibres — Détermination de la résistance à la compression avec trou nu
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12817
First edition
2013-03-15
Fibre-reinforced plastic composites —
Determination of open-hole
compression strength
Composites plastiques renforcés de fibres — Détermination de la
résistance à la compression avec trou nu
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 3
6 Test specimens. 9
6.1 Shape and dimensions . 9
6.2 Alternative specimen . 9
6.3 Preparation of test plates and specimens .11
6.4 Inspection of test specimens .11
6.5 Number of test specimens .11
7 Conditioning .12
8 Procedure.12
8.1 Test atmosphere .12
8.2 Measurement of dimensions of the test specimens .12
8.3 Mounting of the test specimens .12
8.4 Test speed .12
8.5 Preliminary loading .12
8.6 Recording .12
8.7 Failure mode .13
9 Calculation .13
9.1 Open-hole compressive strength .13
9.2 Expression of results .14
10 Precision .14
11 Test report .16
Bibliography .17
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12817 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 13, Composites
and reinforcement fibres.
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
Introduction
In preparing this (harmonized) International Standard, reference has been made to other similar open-
[1] [2]
hole compression methods (JIS K 7093, ASTM D6484/D6484M-09 ) and related methods, i.e. open-
[3] [4]
hole tension in ASTM D5766/D5766M6 and pin-bearing in ISO 12815.
The scope covers all current and future fibre-reinforced plastic composites meeting the requirements of
this International Standard. This International Standard incorporates three methods that have different
suitability and do not necessarily yield identical properties. All the methods use the maximum load to
define the open-hole compressive strength.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12817:2013(E)
Fibre-reinforced plastic composites — Determination of
open-hole compression strength
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the test method to determine the open-hole compressive strength
of laminated fibre-reinforced plastic composites. The laminate is intended to be a balanced and
symmetrical lay-up or be otherwise homogeneous through the thickness. This International Standard
applies to all textile diameter fibre types (carbon, glass, aramids, etc.) and matrices (e.g. thermoset,
thermoplastic) that meet the requirements of this International Standard.
This International Standard includes three methods:
— method 1 (short specimen with support fixture);
— method 2 (short specimen without support fixture);
— method 3 (long specimen with support fixture as in ASTM D6484/D6484M-09, methods A and B).
Method 1 employs an L-shaped base fixture and two end fixtures. These end fixtures are compressed
between the platens of the test machine.
Method 2 employs end supports similar to the fixtures given in C.1 of ISO 14126:1999. Method 2 is useful
for cyclic loading conditions test, including under fully or partly reversed loading conditions when the
specimen is clamped by hydraulic grips without support fixtures
Method 3 has two types of loading methods, i.e. 3A and 3B. In method 3A, the specimen is placed within
a stabilization fixture, which is then clamped by hydraulic grips. In method 3B, the specimen is placed
within a stabilization fixture and then end-loaded by platens. Full details of test methods 3A and 3B are
given in ASTM D6484/D6484M-09, procedure A and procedure B, respectively.
NOTE Specimen configurations and force introduction varies for the three methods covered within this
International Standard. Results obtained using methods 1, 2 and 3 might not be equivalent for all laminates in all
environments.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable to its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 472, Plastics — Vocabulary
ISO 1268 (all parts), Fibre-reinforced plastics — Methods of producing test plates
ISO 2818, Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machining
ISO 5893, Rubber and plastics test equipment — Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant rate of
traverse) — Specification
ISO 14126:1999, Fibre-reinforced plastic composites — Determination of compressive properties in the in-
plane direction
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 472 and the following apply.
3.1
open-hole diameter
diameter of the open hole in the centre of the test specimen
Note 1 to entry: Open-hole diameter is expressed in millimetres (mm).
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.2
width
w
overall width of the specimen
Note 1 to entry: Width is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.3
coordinate axes of a test specimen
direction parallel with the plate longitudinal axis, which is the X direction and the direction perpendicular,
which is the Y direction
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 1268-4.
3.4
open-hole compressive stress
value obtained by dividing a compressive load applied to a test specimen by the gross cross-section
based on the overall width and thickness of the test specimen
Note 1 to entry: Open-hole compressive stress is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
3.5
open-hole compressive strength
maximum open-hole compressive stress generated in the test specimen
Note 1 to entry: Open-hole compressive strength is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
4 Principle
A test specimen consisting of a strip of rectangular cross-section with a plain open hole centrally positioned,
as shown in Figure 1, is loaded in compression. The maximum load sustained by the specimen is used to
determine the open-hole (notched) compressive strength based on the gross specimen cross-section.
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
Key
Y load direction
1 open hole
Figure 1 — Open-hole laminated composite test specimen and load direction
5 Apparatus
5.1 Test machine
5.1.1 General, the machine shall conform to ISO 5893, as appropriate to the requirements given in
5.1.2 and 5.1.3.
5.1.2 Speed of testing. The test machine shall be capable of maintaining the required speed of
testing (see 8.4).
5.1.3 Indication of load, the error for the indicated load not exceeding 1 %.
5.1.4 Load measurement system, comprising a mechanism to indicate continuously the compressive
load applied to the test piece. The loading mechanism shall not cause delay due to inertia at the specified
test speed and shall indicate the load value with a precision equal to or higher than ±1 % of the full scale
of load cell measurement capacity.
5.1.5 Loading platens (method 1 and method 3B), each (platen plate) being located on the movable
part (platen plate) and fixed part (base plate), respectively, of the test machine and the centre of the upper
and lower pressing faces coinciding with the centreline of the loading direction of the test machine. The
alignment of the test fixture shall enable a compressive load to be applied to the platen plate and the base
plate in the axial direction of a test specimen, and forces other than the compressive load shall be minimized.
5.1.6 Hydraulic grips
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12817
First edition
2013-03-15
Fibre-reinforced plastic composites —
Determination of open-hole
compression strength
Composites plastiques renforcés de fibres — Détermination de la
résistance à la compression avec trou nu
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 3
6 Test specimens. 9
6.1 Shape and dimensions . 9
6.2 Alternative specimen . 9
6.3 Preparation of test plates and specimens .11
6.4 Inspection of test specimens .11
6.5 Number of test specimens .11
7 Conditioning .12
8 Procedure.12
8.1 Test atmosphere .12
8.2 Measurement of dimensions of the test specimens .12
8.3 Mounting of the test specimens .12
8.4 Test speed .12
8.5 Preliminary loading .12
8.6 Recording .12
8.7 Failure mode .13
9 Calculation .13
9.1 Open-hole compressive strength .13
9.2 Expression of results .14
10 Precision .14
11 Test report .16
Bibliography .17
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12817 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 13, Composites
and reinforcement fibres.
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
Introduction
In preparing this (harmonized) International Standard, reference has been made to other similar open-
[1] [2]
hole compression methods (JIS K 7093, ASTM D6484/D6484M-09 ) and related methods, i.e. open-
[3] [4]
hole tension in ASTM D5766/D5766M6 and pin-bearing in ISO 12815.
The scope covers all current and future fibre-reinforced plastic composites meeting the requirements of
this International Standard. This International Standard incorporates three methods that have different
suitability and do not necessarily yield identical properties. All the methods use the maximum load to
define the open-hole compressive strength.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12817:2013(E)
Fibre-reinforced plastic composites — Determination of
open-hole compression strength
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the test method to determine the open-hole compressive strength
of laminated fibre-reinforced plastic composites. The laminate is intended to be a balanced and
symmetrical lay-up or be otherwise homogeneous through the thickness. This International Standard
applies to all textile diameter fibre types (carbon, glass, aramids, etc.) and matrices (e.g. thermoset,
thermoplastic) that meet the requirements of this International Standard.
This International Standard includes three methods:
— method 1 (short specimen with support fixture);
— method 2 (short specimen without support fixture);
— method 3 (long specimen with support fixture as in ASTM D6484/D6484M-09, methods A and B).
Method 1 employs an L-shaped base fixture and two end fixtures. These end fixtures are compressed
between the platens of the test machine.
Method 2 employs end supports similar to the fixtures given in C.1 of ISO 14126:1999. Method 2 is useful
for cyclic loading conditions test, including under fully or partly reversed loading conditions when the
specimen is clamped by hydraulic grips without support fixtures
Method 3 has two types of loading methods, i.e. 3A and 3B. In method 3A, the specimen is placed within
a stabilization fixture, which is then clamped by hydraulic grips. In method 3B, the specimen is placed
within a stabilization fixture and then end-loaded by platens. Full details of test methods 3A and 3B are
given in ASTM D6484/D6484M-09, procedure A and procedure B, respectively.
NOTE Specimen configurations and force introduction varies for the three methods covered within this
International Standard. Results obtained using methods 1, 2 and 3 might not be equivalent for all laminates in all
environments.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable to its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 472, Plastics — Vocabulary
ISO 1268 (all parts), Fibre-reinforced plastics — Methods of producing test plates
ISO 2818, Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machining
ISO 5893, Rubber and plastics test equipment — Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant rate of
traverse) — Specification
ISO 14126:1999, Fibre-reinforced plastic composites — Determination of compressive properties in the in-
plane direction
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 472 and the following apply.
3.1
open-hole diameter
diameter of the open hole in the centre of the test specimen
Note 1 to entry: Open-hole diameter is expressed in millimetres (mm).
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.2
width
w
overall width of the specimen
Note 1 to entry: Width is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.3
coordinate axes of a test specimen
direction parallel with the plate longitudinal axis, which is the X direction and the direction perpendicular,
which is the Y direction
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 1268-4.
3.4
open-hole compressive stress
value obtained by dividing a compressive load applied to a test specimen by the gross cross-section
based on the overall width and thickness of the test specimen
Note 1 to entry: Open-hole compressive stress is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
3.5
open-hole compressive strength
maximum open-hole compressive stress generated in the test specimen
Note 1 to entry: Open-hole compressive strength is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
4 Principle
A test specimen consisting of a strip of rectangular cross-section with a plain open hole centrally positioned,
as shown in Figure 1, is loaded in compression. The maximum load sustained by the specimen is used to
determine the open-hole (notched) compressive strength based on the gross specimen cross-section.
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
Key
Y load direction
1 open hole
Figure 1 — Open-hole laminated composite test specimen and load direction
5 Apparatus
5.1 Test machine
5.1.1 General, the machine shall conform to ISO 5893, as appropriate to the requirements given in
5.1.2 and 5.1.3.
5.1.2 Speed of testing. The test machine shall be capable of maintaining the required speed of
testing (see 8.4).
5.1.3 Indication of load, the error for the indicated load not exceeding 1 %.
5.1.4 Load measurement system, comprising a mechanism to indicate continuously the compressive
load applied to the test piece. The loading mechanism shall not cause delay due to inertia at the specified
test speed and shall indicate the load value with a precision equal to or higher than ±1 % of the full scale
of load cell measurement capacity.
5.1.5 Loading platens (method 1 and method 3B), each (platen plate) being located on the movable
part (platen plate) and fixed part (base plate), respectively, of the test machine and the centre of the upper
and lower pressing faces coinciding with the centreline of the loading direction of the test machine. The
alignment of the test fixture shall enable a compressive load to be applied to the platen plate and the base
plate in the axial direction of a test specimen, and forces other than the compressive load shall be minimized.
5.1.6 Hydraulic grips
...
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