ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009

Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz

ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009 defines the air interface for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating below 135 kHz. The purpose of ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009 is to provide a common technical specification for RFID devices that can be used by ISO committees developing RFID application standards. ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009 is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage inter-operability of products in the international marketplace. ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009 defines the physical layer used for communication between the interrogator and the tag and further defines the communications protocol used in the air interface. Two types of tag are defined by ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009: Type A and Type B, which differ only by their physical layer. Both support the same inventory (anti-collision) and protocol. Type A tags are permanently powered by the interrogator, including during the tag-to-interrogator transmission, and operate at 125 kHz. Type B tags are powered by the interrogator, except during the tag-to-interrogator transmission, and operate at 125 kHz or 134,2 kHz.

Technologies de l'information — Identification par radiofréquence (RFID) pour la gestion d'objets — Partie 2: Paramètres de communications d'une interface d'air à moins de 135 kHz

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 29-Sep-2009
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.50 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 - Radio communications
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Completion Date: 15-Dec-2022

Relations

• Revises: ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004 - Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 18000-2
Second edition
2009-10-01


Information technology — Radio
frequency identification for item
management —
Part 2:
Parameters for air interface
communications below 135 kHz
Technologies de l'information — Identification par radiofréquence
(RFID) pour la gestion d'objets —
Partie 2: Paramètres de communications d'une interface d'air à moins
de 135 kHz





Reference number
ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2009

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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009(E)
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©  ISO/IEC 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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ii © ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .vi
Introduction.vii
1 Scope.1
2 Conformance .1
2.1 RF emissions general population.2
2.2 RF emissions and susceptibility health care setting.2
3 Normative references.2
4 Terms and definitions .2
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms .4
5.1 Symbols.4
5.2 Abbreviated terms.5
6 Physical layer.6
6.1 Type A (FDX).6
6.1.1 Power transfer.6
6.1.2 Frequency.6
6.1.3 Communication signal interface interrogator to tag .6
6.1.4 Communication signal interface tag to interrogator .9
6.1.5 General Protocol Timing Specifications .10
6.2 Type B (HDX).12
6.2.1 Power transfer.12
6.2.2 Communication signal interface interrogator to tag .12
6.2.3 Communication Signal Interface tag to interrogator .15
6.2.4 General protocol Timing Specification .17
6.3 Physical and Media Access Control (MAC) Parameters .19
6.3.1 Interrogator to tag link .19
6.3.2 Tag to interrogator link .21
6.3.3 Protocol parameters.24
6.3.4 Anti-collision parameters.25
7 Transmission Protocol.26
7.1 Basic elements.26
7.2 IC Identifier and Unique Item Identifier (UII) .26
7.3 Request format.27
7.4 Response format.27
7.5 Request flags.28
7.5.1 AFI flag.29
7.5.2 NOS flag.29
7.5.3 SEL flag and ADR flag.29
7.5.4 CRCT flag.30
7.5.5 PEXT flag.30
7.6 Error flag.30
7.7 Error handling.31
7.8 Block security status .32
7.9 Start of frame pattern (SOF) .32
7.9.1 Interrogator request.32
7.9.2 Tag response.32
7.10 End of frame pattern (EOF).32
7.10.1 Interrogator request.32
7.10.2 Tag response.32
© ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved iii

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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009(E)
7.11 CRC.32
7.12 Application family identifier (AFI) .33
7.13 Data storage format identifier (DSFID) .36
8 User memory organisation .36
8.1 User memory organisation (Page 0) .36
8.2 Extended User memory organisation (Page ≥ 1).36
9 Tag states.37
9.1 RF-Off State.37
9.2 Ready State.37
9.3 Quiet State.37
9.4 Selected state.38
9.5 State diagram.38
10 Anti-collision.39
10.1 Request parameters .39
10.2 Request processing by the tag .39
10.3 Explanation of anti-collision sequences .42
10.3.1 Anti-collision sequence with 1 slot.42
10.3.2 Anti-collision sequence with 16 slots.42
10.3.3 Mixed population with tags of type A and B .44
11 Commands .44
11.1 Command classification .44
11.1.1 General.44
11.1.2 Mandatory commands.45
11.1.3 Optional commands .45
11.1.4 Custom commands.45
11.1.5 Proprietary commands.45
11.2 Command code structure .45
11.3 Command list .46
11.4 Mandatory commands.47
11.4.1 INVENTORY.47
11.4.2 READ UII.47
11.4.3 READ MULTIPLE BLOCKS .48
11.4.4 STAY QUIET.48
11.4.5 WRITE SINGLE BLOCK .49
11.4.6 LOCK BLOCK.49
11.5 Optional commands .50
11.5.1 READ SINGLE BLOCK.50
11.5.2 READ SINGLE BLOCK WITH SECURITY STATUS .50
11.5.3 READ MULTIPLE BLOCKS WITH SECURITY STATUS .51
11.5.4 WRITE MULTIPLE BLOCKS.51
11.5.5 GET SYSTEM INFORMATION .52
11.5.6 SELECT.53
11.5.7 RESET TO READY .54
11.5.8 WRITE SYSTEM DATA .54
11.5.9 LOCK SYSTEM DATA.55
11.5.10 READ EXTENDED MULTIPLE BLOCKS.56
11.5.11 WRITE EXTENDED MULTIPLE BLOCK.56
11.5.12 LOCK EXTENDED BLOCK .57
11.5.13 Optional command execution in Inventory mode .58
11.6 Custom commands.59
11.7 Proprietary commands.59
Annex A (informative) CRC Check for Error Detection .60
A.1 Description.60
A.2 CRC check source code example .61
Annex B (informative) Description of a typical anti-collision sequence with tags of types A and B .62
Annex C (informative) Optional anti-collision mechanism .63
iv © ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009(E)
C.1 Introduction.63
C.2 Description.63
C.3 Physical layer for the Multi-read command.63
C.3.1 Power transfer.64
C.3.2 Frequency.64
C.3.3 Interrogator to tag .64
C.3.4 Tag to interrogator .64
C.3.5 Parameters for optional Multi-read command.65
C.4 Multi-read command .68
C.4.1 Multi-read request format .68
C.4.2 Request flags .69
C.5 Anti-collision mechanism.70
C.5.1 Acknowledgement by the interrogator.70
C.5.2 Acknowledgement by the tag.70
C.5.3 Timing.70
C.5.4 Explanation of an anti-collision sequence.71
C.6 Protocol and anti-collision Parameters.76
C.6.1 Protocol Parameters.76
C.6.2 Anti-collision Protocol .78
Bibliography.79

© ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved v

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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
ISO/IEC 18000-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004), which has been technically
revised.
ISO/IEC 18000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Radio
frequency identification for item management:
⎯ Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized
⎯ Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz
⎯ Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
⎯ Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz
⎯ Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz
⎯ Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
vi © ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009(E)
Introduction
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
draw attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of patents.
ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights.
The holders of these patent rights have assured ISO and IEC that they are willing to negotiate licences under
reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this respect,
the statements of the holders of these patent rights are registered with ISO and IEC. Information may be
obtained from the following companies.

Patent number Patent title Patent Contact Affected
holder sub clause
Leo Merken, Director of Intellectual
Property
2325 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, CA,
ATMEL
95131 USA
Germany
GmbH Phone [phone]
Fax [phone]
Email [e-mail]
Harald Roeggla, Intellectual Property &
Licensing
Gutheil-Schoder-Gasse 8-12
1102 Vienna, Austria
NXP B.V.
Phone [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
US 6 177 858
Application 96
402556.3-Patent
EP 0 777 194
CA 2 191 787
Craig Cook, director
CA 2 191 788
12, rue des Petits Ruisseaux, 91370
US 5 923 251
Verrières le Buisson, France
Winstead
Application 96

Assets Ltd Phone [phone]
402554.8 Patent
EP 0 777 192
Fax [phone]
US 5 808 550
[e-mail]
Appication 96
402555.5- Patent
EP 0 777 193


© ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved vii

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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009(E)
CA 2 191 794
Application 90
909459.1-Patent
EP 0 476 026
US 5426423
CA 2058 947


EP 0640939,US
5430447,DE
P69428309

Protection Against
Manipulation of Batteryless

Read/Write Transponders
EP831618,

US5929801
(claims 1-15 and
Method for Repeating
corresponding
Interrogations Until Failing
claims of other
to Receive Unintelligible
patents based on
Responses to Identify
Robby Holland
this patent)
Plurality of Transponders
Licensing Manager, Law Department
by an Interrogator

P.o. Box 660199, MS 3999

Texas
Dallas, TX 75266-0199


Instruments Inc
Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

US 5793324
Email [e-mail]

Transponder Signal

Collision Avoidance

System
US 5053774

excluding claims

14-17 and 20 (and
corresponding
Transponder Arrangement
claims of other
patents based on
this patent)

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights other than those identified above. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
viii © ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009(E)

Information technology — Radio frequency identification for
item management —
Part 2:
Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 defines the air interface for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating
below 135 kHz. The purpose of this part of ISO/IEC 18000 is to provide a common technical specification for
RFID devices that can be used by ISO committees developing RFID application standards. This part of
ISO/IEC 18000 is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage inter-operability of products in the
international marketplace. This part of ISO/IEC 18000 defines the physical layer used for communication
between the interrogator and the tag and further defines the communications protocol used in the air interface.
Two types of tag are defined by this part of ISO/IEC 18000: Type A and Type B, which differ only by their
physical layer. Both support the same inventory (anti-collision) and protocol.
Type A tags are permanently powered by the interrogator, including during the tag-to-interrogator transmission,
and operate at 125 kHz.
Type B tags are powered by the interrogator, except during the tag-to-interrogator transmission, and operate
at 125 kHz or 134,2 kHz.
2 Conformance
In order to claim conformance, it is necessary to comply to all of the relevant clauses of this specification,
except those marked ‘optional’. It is also necessary to operate within the local national radio regulations
(which may require further restrictions).
The rules for RFID device conformity evaluation are defined in ISO/IEC TR 18047-2.
The tag shall be of either Type A or B.
NOTE Nothing in this International Standard prevents a tag from being of both types, although for technical reasons,
it is unlikely that such tags are ever marketed.
The interrogator shall support both Types A and B.
The interrogator may be configured as Type A only, Type B only or Types A and B.
When configured as Types A and B, and when in the Inventory phase, the interrogator shall alternate between
Type A and Type B interrogation. See Annex B.
© ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved 1

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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009(E)
2.1 RF emissions general population
Device manufacturers claiming conformance to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 shall certify that RF emissions do
not exceed the maximum permitted exposure limits recommended by either IEEE C95.1:2005 or ICNIRP
according to IEC 62369-1. If a device manufacturer is unsure as to which recommendation is to be cited for
compliance, the manufacturer shall certify to ICNIRP limits.
2.2 RF emissions and susceptibility health care setting
Device manufacturers claiming conformance to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 shall certify that RF emissions and
susceptibility comply with IEC 60601-1-2.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 62369-1, Evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from short range devices (SRDs) in
various applications over the frequency range 0 GHz to 300 GHz — Part 1: Fields produced by devices used
for electronic article surveillance, radio frequency identification and similar systems
IEC 60601-1-2, Medical electrical equipment — Part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essential
performance — Collateral standard: Electromagnetic compatibility — Requirements and tests
ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts), Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC)
techniques — Harmonized vocabulary
4 Terms and definitions
For
...