ISO/R 1149:1969
(Main)Layout of multilingual classified vocabularies
Layout of multilingual classified vocabularies
Présentation des vocabulaires systématiques multilingues
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
UDC 001.4 : 801.3 Ref. No. : IW/R 1149-1969 (E)
IS0
I NT ERN AT I ON A L O R G A N IZATl O N FOR STAND AR0 IZATIO N
c IS0 RECOMMENDATION
R 1149
LAYOUT OF MULTILINGUAL CLASSIFIED VOCABULARIES
1st EDITION
November 1969
COPYRIGHT RESERVED
The copyright of IS0 Recommendations and IS0 Standards
belongs to IS0 Member Bodies. Reproduction of these
documents, in any country, may be authorized therefore only
by the national standards organization of that country, being
a member of ISO.
For each individual country the only valid standard is the national standard of that country.
Printed in Switzerland
Also issued in French and Russian. Copies to be obtained through the national standards organizations.
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BRIEF HISTORY
The IS0 Recommendation R 1149, Layout of multilingual classified vocabularies, was drawn up by Technical
Committee ISO/TC 37, Terminology (Principles and co-ordination), the Secretariat of which is held by the
Osterreichisches Normungsinstitut (ON).
Work on this question led to the adoption of a Draft IS0 Recommendation.
L, In October 1968, this Draft IS0 Recommendation (No. 1659) was circulated to all the IS0 Member Bodies
for enquiry. It was approved, subject to a few modifications of an editorial nature, by the following Member
Bodies :
Austria India South Africa, Rep. of
Czechoslovakia Iran Thailand
France Israel Turkey
Germany Italy United Kingdom
Greece Romania U.S.A.
No Member Body opposed the approval of the Draft.
The Draft IS0 Recommendation was then submitted by correspondence to the IS0 Council, which decided,
in November 1969, to accept it as an IS0 RECOMMENDATION.
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ISO/R 1149-1969 (E)
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FOREWORD
Co-operation and communication between experts engaged in all branches of science and technology are assuming
ever-increasing importance as essential conditions for progress, both within each country and between countries.
For this exchange to be successful, technical terms should have the same meaning for everyone who uses them.
This goal can be achieved only if there is general agreement on the meaning of these terms. Hence the importance
of technical vocabularies, in which concepts and terms, as well as their definitions, are standardized (terminological
standards). It is just such standards which aid to assure mutual understanding.
These vocabularies are prepared by the National Standards Associations and by the Technical Committees of ISO.
During the work on terminology carried out by these bodies it quickly became apparent that it was necessary to
have directives applicable to any field of knowledge and that it was possible to establish them.
Accordingly IS0 set up a Technical Committee, known as ISO/TC 37, Terminology (Principles and co-ordination),
W
with the mission of finding out and formulating general principles on terminology and terminological lexicography.
The IS0 Recommendations prepared by this Technical Committee deal with questions that fall under the following
four classes :
1. Vocabulary of terminology;
2. Procedure for producing national or international standardized vocabularies;
3. National and international standardization of concepts, terms and their definitions : principles for their establish-
ment and criteria of value;
4. Layout of monolingual and multilingual vocabularies, including lexicographical symbols.
The IS0 Recommendation included in class 2 deals with guidance in the organization of the work, while the other
classes are concerned with technical details.
The following IS0 Recommendations have been or will be issued :
Class 1
ISO/R 1087, Vocabulary of terminology
Class 2
ISO/R 919, Guide for the preparation of classified vocabularies (Example of method)
class 3
ISO/R 704, Naming principles
ISO/R 860, International unification of concepts and terms
class 4
ISO/R 1 149, Layout of multilingual classified vocabularies
ISO/R . . ., Layout of monolingual classified vocabularies
ISO/R. . .*,Lexicographical symbols
ISO/R 639, Symbols for languages, countries and authorities
*
At present, Draft IS0 Recommendation No. 1951.
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ISO/R 1149-1969 (E)
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction . 7
1 . The vocabulary (printed edition)
1.1 Introduction : Sequence of entries . 7
1.2 Indications contained in an entry . 8
1.3 Sequence of data within a monolingual section . 9
L’
1.4 Sequence of monolingual sections in an entry . 9
1.5 Sizeofpaper . 10
1.6 Alphabetical indexes . 11
1.7 Tables of concepts . 11
1.8 Supplements . 11
2 . The manuscript
2.1 Working manuscript . 12
2.2 Discussion manuscript . 14
2.3 Printer’s manuscript . 17
L
3 . Record slips
3.1 Layout of record slips . 18
3.2 Location slips . 18
3.3 Integral record slips . 19
Annexes A. B and C . 20
Annex A . Sample page of a vocabulary with vertical entries . 21
Annex B . Sample page of a vocabulary with horizontal entries . 22
Annex C . Sample page of a discussion manuscript . 23
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ISO/R 1149.1969 (E)
IS0 Recommendation R 1149 November 1969
LAYOUT OF MULTILINGUAL CLASSIFIED VOCABULARIES
INTRODUCTION
This IS0 Recommendation deals with items included in class 4 as indicated in the Foreword.
Its purpose is to provide a detailed description of forms of layout which are appropriate for classified multilingual
vocabularies - particularly for standardized vocabularies - as well as for manuscripts and record slips used in the
preparation of vocabularies.
Sections 2 and 3 present only examples chosen from the different methods which may be employed.
It is recommended that this IS0 Recommendation be used together with IS0 Recommendation R 919, Guide for
the preparation of classified vocabularies (Example of method), where the different stages of the work are specified.
1. THE VOCABULARY (PRINTED EDITION)
introduction : Sequence of enîries
1.1
1.1.1 The concept “entry”. An “entry”, “article” or “item” of a vocabulary or dictionary is its smallest
independent unit.
An entry contains all the data either on a single t e r m (and its various meanings) or on a single
c O n c e p t (and all the synonymous terms related to it).
In very specialized vocabularies where only standardized terms and meanings are given, an entry generally
deals only with a single term and a single concept. The difference between the two types of entries
disappears in this case.
1.1.2 The different types of sequence. The sequence of entries of a vocabulary or dictionary may either be
determined by the external resemblance of w O r d s, i.e. follow the alphabet, or be determined by the
relationship and contiguity of c O n c e p t s.
The corresponding types of collections of terms as well as the entries in those collections are consequently
called “alphabetic” or “classified” (or “systematic”).
1.1.3 Alphabetic collections of terms. The alphabetic entries in alphabetic collections of terms are made up of
“semantic sections”.
Alphabetical arrangement is particularly s U i t a b 1 e for bilingual collections of terms, without
explanations of the meanings, which are meant for a wide range of users.
1.1.4 Classified collections of terms. In a multilingual classified collection of terms each classified entry consists
of several “monolingual sections” (see clause 1.3).
r a b 1 e for fundamental vocabularies (standardized, for instance)
Classified arrangement is often p r e f e
and, more generally, for the following types of collections of technical terms :
monolingual collections (with or without explanations);
(1)
(2) bilingual collections containing explanations;
collections of three or more languages (with or without explanations).
(3)
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ISO/R 1149-1969 (E)
1.1.5 Classifring. The systematic order of entries reflects the relations existing between the concepts incor-
porated in the vocabulary. Therefore a classification of concepts is necessary in preparing a classified
vocabulary.
In certain cases, an existing classification system may be used, as, for instance, the Universal Decimal
Classification (UDC).
n U m b e r for every concept appearing in
Such an existing classification does not provide a specific
the vocabulary. Each concept has then to be classified under the closest genus represented in the
classification adopted.
Indications contained in an entry
1.2
A classified entry should contain the following data in any sequence :
1.2.1 An explanation of the concept. A d e fi n i t i O n should be given for each concept. This definition
need not be given in all languages of the vocabulary. Those languages in which the definition is given are
called the “languages of the definitions”. The languages for which only terms are given are called
“additional languages”. (See IS0 Recommendation R 919, Guide for the preparation of classified
vocabularies (Example of method), clause 1.2.1).
Wherever useful, definitions should be accompanied by one or more i 1 1 U s t r a t i O n s.
An illustration may be replaced by a reference to an illustration in another part of the same vocabulary.
If a concept is followed by specific concepts, only the latter should be illustrated.
1.2.2 A classification symbol. The classification symbol denotes the place of a concept in the system of concepts
of which it is a part; thus it is supplementary to the definition.
The elements of a classification symbol are generally ciphers, letters and typographical signs. The
classification symbol may be, for example, an index of the UDC.
1.2.3 The terms designating the concept. For each concept the corresponding terms are given in several
languages. Synonyms may also be included in the vocabulary for information or to advise against them.
All terms should correspond exactly to their definitions and not merely to one of the terms in the other
languages.
Terms should not be listed with initiai capital letters except in cases where the spelling requires initial
capital letters when used within a sentence.
1.2.4 Indications on the scope of terms and definitions. Information of this type, if any, is provided by the
language symbols, country symbols or authority symbols. These symbols are the subject of IS0 Recom-
mendation R 639, Symbols for languages, countries and authorities.
1.2.5 A serial number. A serial number denotes the place of an entry in the sequence of all entries of a
vocabulary. Its purpose is to mark the entries in the alphabetical index and in the definitions of other
concepts (references), and to classify slips in a file.
In general, serial numbers will be formed by the cardinal numbers 1, 2,3,4, etc. In certain cases,
classification numbers (see clause 1.2.2) may be used as serial numbers, if they are short enough.
1.2.6 A code symbol for the volume. A code symbol for the volume identifies the vocabulary if the entries
have the form of slips.
A code symbol for the volume might take, for example, the following form : ITV 29’- 1970 (IS0
Technical Vocabulary No. 29, Second edition).
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ISO/R 1149-1969 (E)
1.3 Sequence of data within a monoiingwi section
In the present IS0 Recommendation a “monolingual section” denotes every part of an entry in a multi-
lingual vocabulary covering only a single language.
Within a monolingual section the sequence of data should be as indicated below. (Data which may be omitted
have been enclosed in brackets.)
1.3.1 (Language symbol)
1.3.2 Preferred term. The term may be preceded or followed by an explanatory note.
1.3.3 (Country or authority symbol)
1.3.4 (Second preferred term). Rare case. Example : in an international vocabulary, a synonym standardized
by another country having the same language.
1.3.5 (Country or authority symbol)
1.3.6 Definition. The definition is preceded by a colon.
As a rule the definition is not given in all the languages of the vocabulary, but only in a restricted number,
i.e. in the “languages of the definitions” (see clause 1.2.1).
1.3.7 (Authority symbol). This authority symbol does not refer to the term(s), but to the definition.
1.3.8 (Permitted synonymous terms). The permitted terms are preceded by the word : “Permitted :”.
1.3.9 (Deprecated synonymous terms). The deprecated terms are preceded by the words : “To be avoided :”.
The deprecated terms can be omitted in the vocabulary.
The deprecated terms may furthermore be marked by the symbol provided for this purpose (see IS0
Recommendation R . . .*, Lexicographical symbols, under clause 2.2.3 b (4) ). This possibility is important
for the additional languages in a multilingual vocabulary, because no definitions for these languages appear
there.
1.4 Sequence of monolingual sections in an entry
1.4.1 Sequence of languages. In a vocabulary containing many languages, these will be presented in the
alphabetical order of their literal symbols. In any case, it may be useful to arrange the languages according
to the following rules :
1.4.1.1
The languages of the d e fi n i t i O n s precede the additional languages.
1.4.1.2 Within each of these two classes the languages are grouped in fa m i 1 i e s : Germanic languages,
Romance languages, Slav languages, etc.
1.3.1.3 Within the families the languages follow each other in the a 1 p h a b e t i c a 1 order of their letter
symbols.
(For details see IS0 Recommendation R 639, Symbols for languages, countries and authorities.)
1.4.2 Extension of entries. Monolingual sections may be arranged in h O r i z O n t a 1 succession (“horizontal
entry”). Each language receives its own column, so that each page has the form of a table. A variant of
this disposition is the following : All additional languages are accommodated in a common column (at
the extreme right of the page), one above the other. (See sample page in Annex B.)
Monolingual sections may also be arranged in v e r t i c a 1 succession. Every entry then takes the form
of a “square” (“vertical entry”). Under this arrangement the additional languages may be accommodated
underneath the languages of the definitions, possibly in several columns. (See sample page in Annex A).
Arrangement in s q U a r e s is increasingly used, because it has several important advantages :
(a) Advantages of arrangement,
- the entry may be more readily seen at a glance, even in vocabularies including a large
number of languages;
- the manuscript can more readily be produced and printed;
- the number of languages covered can be readily increased at will;
- space is more readily available for illustrations within the entry (see clause 1.4.3);
(b) “Filability”,
- every square can readily be accommodated on one or more index slips. For advantages
of index-slip vocabulary, see clause 1.5.1.
*
At present, Draft IS0 Recommendation No. 1951.
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ISO/R 1149-1969(E)
1.4.3 Mustrations. It is recommended that the illustrations be inserted at the end of an entry. Consequently
r i g h t of the monolingual sections, where the arrangement is horizontal,
illustrations are printed to the
and U n d e r them, where the arrangement is vertical.
The illustrations are frequently placed in a separate a p p e n d i x, particularly in horizontally arranged
vocabularies.
1.4.4 Code symbol for the volume, serial number and classification symbol. The code symbol for the volume,
the serial number and the classification symbol should be placed in the heading of the entry.
1.5 Size of paper
1.5.1 Filing slips. For certain users of vocabularies, e.g. terminologists and lexicographers, translators and
i n d e x form may present several advantages. In such an index every entry
interpreters, the c a r d
is placed on a separate index card.
The advantages of such an index-slip vocabulary are as follows :
The user has the possibility of arranging the entries in an O r d e r according to any criterion
(1)
important to him. Thus he might set up different files of the same vocabulary : one each according
to two different systems of classification, and one for each language in alphabetical order with
extra slips for synonyms.
The user may i n s e r t supplementary slips containing additions or notes. Such addenda may
(2)
also be published.
The user may also replace superseded cards.
Since an index slip need not contain more than a singIe language unit or illustration, a multilingual
(3)
vocabulary may be produced from several monolingual defining vocabularies by simple gathering
of the vocabulary slips.
Vocabulary s 1 i p s may be produced in two different ways :
the entries may be printed in a size identical with that of the index slips, or
(a)
they may be printed in smaller dimensions, enabling the user to cut up the vocabulary and paste each
(b)
entry on a separate card.
Among the most useful sizes of slips preference may be given to the two following : 74 mm X 105 mm
(IS0 A7) and 75 mm X 125 mm (international library size).
1.5.2 Forms of publication for vertical arrangement. Then entries are vertically arranged, a vocabulary may be
published in four different f O r m s :
(1) separate index-slips;
separate sheets, which may be cut up into index-slips;
(2)
books which may be cut up into index-slips;
(3)
books, the entries of which may be cut out and pasted on index-slips.
(4)
For (1) IS0 size A7 is suitable. 2000 slips of that size may be accommodated in a file of A4 size
(210 mm X 297 mm), provided with four holding mechanisms.
For (2) and (3), IS0 sizes A4 and A5 will suit the purpose. 2 X 4 squares of size A7 may be placed on a page
of the first of these sizes, while 2 X 2 squares fit on the second. (See sample page in Annex A. The details
of this sample page do not pertain to the present IS0 Recommendation.)
For (4) any other sizes may be used as well.
1.5.3 Forms of publication for horizontal entries. When entries are arranged horizontally, it is not readily
possible to convert them into a card-index. In that case the book is the only form possible.
A suitable page size for this is IS0 A4.
Annex B contains a relevant sample page reprinted from the 2nd edition of the IEC Vocabulary.
10
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ISO/R 1149-1969 (E)
1.5.4 Preferred arrangement. For the reasons stated under clauses 1.4.2 and 1.5.1 the arrangement in
s q U a r e s should generally be preferred.
However, the number of persons who wish to have an index-slip vocabulary is relatively low though not
entirely negligible. For that reason the best form of publication would be, in most cases, that described
in clause 1.5.2(3), i.e. b O O k s of size A4, which may be cut up into index slips of size A7.
1.6 Alphabetical indexes
At the end of every classified collection of terms alphabetical indexes should be added, listing all the terms
contained in the main body. A separate index should be provided for each of the languages covered by the
vocabulary. Every term will be marked by an appropriate serial number (see clause 1.2.5) referring to the
concept to which the term belongs.
of the reader, complex terms c O m p O s e d of several elements should be introduced in
For the benefit
the index at the place corresponding to each constituent part that the reader may look for.
The following is an example of the manner in which the three English terms clamp bolt, juck bolt and stud
bolt may be presented in the alphabetical index (one of several possibilities) :
bolt 650
- clamp bolt 950
- jack bolt 658
- stud bolt 682
clamp bolt 950
jack bolt 658
bolt 682
stud
Tables of concepts
1.7
At the beginning of the vocabulary there should be a classified list of concept g r O U p s (sections,
clauses, etc.) in the languages of the definitions.
If possible it should be complemented by one or more graphical representations - at least by one or more
schedules of concepts - showing the classification of a 1 1 the concepts dealt with in the vocabulary. The
concepts here are symbolized by the corresponding preferred terms in the languages of the definitions
only. Their serial numbers or their classification symbols (see clause 1.4.4) are added to these terms.
For the preparation of graphical representations see IS0 Recommendation R . . .*, Lexicographical symbols,
section 5, clause 5.1.
1.8 Supplements
Supplementary volumes may be published to cover languages not included in the vocabulary. Such a volume
may cover several languages which are closely related to each other.
As a rule a supplement will c O n t a i n no definitions. Only the corresponding terms, the serial numbers
(see clause 1.2.5) and the classification symbols will be included (see clause 1.2.2).
The s e q U e n c e of terms is the same as in the basic volume. The serial numbers must also be the same.
of the terms contained in the main body.
At the end of a supplement there is an alphabetical i n d e x
At the beginning there is a c 1 a s s i f i e d list of concept groups (see clause 1.7) in the language(s) of the
supplement.
*
At present, Draft IS0 Recommendation No. 1951.
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ISO/R 1149-1969 (E)
2 THE MANUSCRIPT (Example of method)
The manuscript of a vocabulary which is produced as a co-operative undertaking of many collaborators passes
through three distinct stages. It becomes successively :
(1) a working manuscript;
a manuscript distributed for study and comment (“discussion manuscript”);
(2)
(3) a “printer’s manuscript”.
A ‘‘w O r k i n g manuscript” is here taken to mean the vocabulary draft as it is drawn up d U r i n g the
preparation.
When a draft manuscript is completed - at least in respect of one language - it is distributed as a “d i s c U s s i O n
manuscript” to a larger number of persons for study and comment or, in case of need, for the purpose of trans-
lation into other languages.
When the comments have been processed, a “p r i n t e r ’ s manuscript” must be prepared.
It is advisable to select the presentation of the manuscript for all the three stages of preparation in such a way
as to keep changes from the previous stages to a minimum. Hence, the working manuscript should anticipate as
far as practicable the presentation of the printed edition (see section 1). The following gives examples of a method
that has been used with success.
2.1 Working manuscript (manuscript siips)
The working manuscript should preferably consist of index slips instead of sheets of letter size. Indeed, a
c a r d i n d e x has the following merits :
(1) Any modification required during the preparation of the draft can be effected by e x c h a n g i n g
a single manuscript slip;
(2) any concept can easily be i n t e r p O 1 a t e d, removed and placed in any other position;
(3) a “q U e r y a n d r e p 1 y slip” (see clause 2.1.4) can easily be inserted in the file under any
concept for intermediate reference.
2.1.1 Set of slips. For every concept a set of manuscript slips is made out consisting of :
a slip for each language bearing the words (w O r d slip);
(1)
a single slip bearing an illustration, for all languages covered (i 11 U s t r a t i O n slip).
(2)
Ail manuscript slips belonging to the same concept are indexed under the same serial n U m b e r. This
number is placed at the beginning of the top line (“index line”), i.e. in the upper left-hand corner (see
clauses 1.2.5 and 1.4.4).
The concept number noted on the manuscript slip at the time of preparation is provisional (see IS0
Recommendation R 9 19, Guide for the preparation of classified vocabulaires (Example of method)
clause 2.2.6). At a more advanced stage, when the schedule of concepts may be regarded as final (see
IS0 Recommendation R 919, clause 3.4), this provisional number is crossed out - but should remain
legible - and the final serial number is written into the space next to its right.
It is recommended not to use, when changing slip numbers, a number already used for another concept.
That refers particularly to the provisional numbering of the concepts during the work on the preparation
of the vocabulary, but it may be useful to take it into consideration for the definitive numbering as well
by using, for example, a series of numbers different from that of the provisional numbers. (See IS0
Recommendation R 9 19, Guide for the preparation of classified vocabularies (Example of method),
clauses 2.2.7 and 3.4)
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ISO/R 1149-1969 (E)
At the bottom of every slip, a note may be included indicating by whom and on which date the slip was
drawn up.
A s a m p 1 e set of slips is shown in clause 2.2.1.2.
Several c O p i e s of every manuscript slip are required : for the alphabetical indexes and for
distribution to the different collaborators. It is useful therefore to make approximately 6 copies of
every slip. Using transparent paper for the original slip will be very useful. Should further copies be
required, these can then be made by blue-printing from the original slip.
2.1.2 Word slips. Every word slip must contain, other than the serial number, all indications that should be
reproduced in the vocabulary when printed (see clause 1.2); also the sequence of these indications should
be the same (see clause 1.3). Hence, every word slip records the terms in one language for a given concept,
and - for the defining languages - a definition.
The c 1 a s s i fi c a t i O n s y m b O 1, for example a UDC number (see clause 1.2.2), need not be
entered on more than one of the manuscript slips belonging to the same set. For this purpose it is
preferable to use a word slip - and not an illustration slip - viz. that slip for the language in which the
vocabulary is initially drafted. The appropriate space for inserting the classification symbol is the
right-hand portion of the index line, on which is entered the serial number.
A 1 a n g U a g e s y m b O 1 must be entered on every word slip (see clauses 1.2.4 and 1.3.1), prefer-
ably underneath the serial number. Language symbols are required on manuscript slips, even if they are
not reproduced in the printed vocabulary, because this enables even auxiliary personnel, not familiar
with the languages involved, to handle them. The compositor, too, thus can easily ascertain the proper
sequence of monolingual sections within an entry.
As an alternative device to language symbols, different c O 1 O U r s for word slips may be used, if such
symbols are not to be printed in the vocabulary. However, it is impractical to provide for raw slips in
various colours. In blue-printing, in any case, such colour distinctions cannot be reproduced.
At the end of every monolingual section, notes may be inserted to indicate the s O U r c e s where the
terms and the definition have been found (see IS0 Recommendation R 919, Guide for the preparation
of classified vocabularies (Example of method), clause 2.1.4). This practice is useful even though
annotations of this kind may not be printed.
2.1.3 Illustration slips. Every illustration slip serves to record one or several illustrations. As a rule, these
illustrations are drawings.
The reference on the s O U r c e s for the illustrations may be noted beside or Underneath the illustration.
For many concepts no illustration can or should be recorded in the vocabulary. In that case, it is helpful
to write out a “b 1 a n k s 1 i p” (nil report slip) which will be inserted in the card index instead of an
illustration slip.
Some concepts cover constituent parts of objects which may have been provided with an illustration
under another serial number : for still other concepts, the illustration of a species may later be recorded
under a more advanced serial number. In both cases r e f e r e n c e to the corresponding entry is
sufficient. An “illustration reference slip”, in lieu of an illustration slip, is then inserted in the set of
slips. This reference slip contains only the wording of the reference.
2.1.4 Quev and reply slip. Throughout and after the preparation of the draft, a certain number of concepts
and terms will give rise to discussions, for example by correspondence, between the authors of the work
and persons to be consulted. Questions raised and the answers supplied must be formulated and placed
on record.
It is of practical help for such communications to use slips of a width similar to that of the manuscript
slips. (For their height see clause 2.1.5) They may thus be filed among the manuscript slips to remain
there until the query has been settled.
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ISO/R 1149-1969 (E)
2.1.5 Format. When selecting the size of the manuscript slips one may choose, for example, 105 mm X 148 mm
(IS0 A6), international size for post cards) or 74 mm X 105 mm (IS0 A7). Both formats have the merits
and drawbacks indicated below.
The A7 f O r m a t permits manuscript slips to be filed together with index slips which have been cut
out from the published vocabulary pages (see clause 1 S.1). This is helpful, for example, in the event
that a vocabulary with A7 entries has to be revised. On the other ha
...
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