01.140.10 - Writing and transliteration
ICS 01.140.10 Details
Writing and transliteration
Schriftwesen. Transliteration
Regles d'écriture et translittération
Pisanje in prečrkovanje
General Information
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This document establishes governing principles and guidelines for developing plain language documents. The guidelines detail how the principles are interpreted and applied. This document is for anybody who creates or helps create documents. The widest use of plain language is for documents that are intended for the general public. However, it is also applicable, for example, to technical writing, legislative drafting or using controlled languages. This document applies to most, if not all, written languages, but it provides examples only in English. While this document covers the essential elements of plain language, it has some intentional limits, as follows: — It does not cover all types of communication. It applies only to printed or digital information that is primarily in the form of text. NOTE 1 However, creators of other types of communications, such as podcasts and videos, can find this document useful. — It does not include existing technical guidance about accessibility and digital documents, although the guidance can apply to both. NOTE 2 For guidance on accessibility, authors of digital documents can consider the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines[4] and EN 301 549.[2]
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This document establishes a system for the transliteration of the Arabic characters (often called Perso-Arabic script) used to write in the Persian language into Latin characters. This modification of the stringent rules established by ISO 233:1984 is specifically intended to facilitate the processing of bibliographic information (e.g. catalogues, indices, citations, etc.).
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This document provides a code for the presentation of names of scripts. The codes were devised for use in terminology, lexicography, bibliography, and linguistics, but they can be used for any application requiring the expression of scripts in coded form. This document also includes guidance on the use of script codes in some of these applications.
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This document provides principles for establishing codes for the representation of written language conversion systems. The codes are devised for usage in any application requiring the expression of written language conversion systems, including transliteration and romanization systems, in coded form.
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This document provides a code for the presentation of names of scripts. The codes were devised for use in terminology, lexicography, bibliography, and linguistics, but they can be used for any application requiring the expression of scripts in coded form. This document also includes guidance on the use of script codes in some of these applications.
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This document describes the orthographic system of the Akson-Thai-Noi script using Romanized characters.
This document can be used by anyone who has a clear understanding of the system and is certain that it can be applied without ambiguity. The result obtained will not give a correct pronunciation of the original text in a person's own language, but it will serve as a means of finding automatically the original graphism and thus allow anyone who has a knowledge of the original language to pronounce it correctly.
NOTE Similarly, one can only pronounce correctly a text written in, for example, English or Polish, if one has a knowledge of English or Polish.
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This document describes the orthographic system of the Akson-Thai-Noi script using Romanized characters. This document can be used by anyone who has a clear understanding of the system and is certain that it can be applied without ambiguity. The result obtained will not give a correct pronunciation of the original text in a person's own language, but it will serve as a means of finding automatically the original graphism and thus allow anyone who has a knowledge of the original language to pronounce it correctly. NOTE Similarly, one can only pronounce correctly a text written in, for example, English or Polish, if one has a knowledge of English or Polish.
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This document specifies rules for representing transcriptions of audio- and video-recorded spoken
interactions in XML documents based on the guidelines of the TEI. As a secondary objective, the
document aims to relate transcribed data with standards for annotated corpora. It is applicable to
transcription data for studies in sociolinguistics, conversation analysis, dialectology, corpus linguistics,
corpus lexicography, language technology, qualitative social studies and other transcription data
of recorded spoken language. It is not applicable to other forms of transcription, most importantly
transcriptions of hand-written manuscripts.
Annex A gives a fully encoded example and Annex B provides an element index and an attribute index.
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This International Standard explains the principles of the Romanization of Modern Chinese Putonghua
(Mandarin Chinese), the official language of the People’s Republic of China as defined in the Directives for
the Promotion of Putonghua, promulgated on 1956-02-06 by the State Council of China. This International
Standard can be applied in documentation of bibliographies, catalogues, indices, toponymic lists, etc.
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ISO 24624:2016 specifies rules for representing transcriptions of audio- and video-recorded spoken interactions in XML documents based on the guidelines of the TEI. As a secondary objective, the document aims to relate transcribed data with standards for annotated corpora. It is applicable to transcription data for studies in sociolinguistics, conversation analysis, dialectology, corpus linguistics, corpus lexicography, language technology, qualitative social studies and other transcription data of recorded spoken language. It is not applicable to other forms of transcription, most importantly transcriptions of hand-written manuscripts. Annex A gives a fully encoded example and Annex B provides an element index and an attribute index.
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ISO 7098:2015 explains the principles of the Romanization of Modern Chinese Putonghua (Mandarin Chinese), the official language of the People's Republic of China as defined in the Directives for the Promotion of Putonghua, promulgated on 1956-02-06 by the State Council of China. This International Standard can be applied in documentation of bibliographies, catalogues, indices, toponymic lists, etc.
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ISO 3098-1:2015 specifies the general requirements for lettering, in accordance with the other parts of ISO 3098, to be used in technical product documentation (in particular on technical drawings). It includes basic conventions as well as rules for the application of lettering using the following techniques: free-hand lettering (by means of an underlaid "grid"); templates and manual lettering instruments; dry transfer systems; numerically controlled lettering and draughting systems.
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This part of ISO 3098 specifies the general requirements for lettering, in accordance with the other parts
of ISO 3098, to be used in technical product documentation (in particular on technical drawings). It
includes basic conventions as well as rules for the application of lettering using the following techniques:
a) free-hand lettering (by means of an underlaid “grid”);
b) templates and manual lettering instruments;
c) dry transfer systems;
d) numerically controlled lettering and draughting systems.
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The basic concepts and general principles of word segmentation as defined in ISO 24614-1 apply to Chinese, Japanese and Korean. Text needs to be segmented into tokens, words, phrases or some other types of smaller textual units in order to perform certain computational applications on language resources, such as natural language processing, information retrieval (IR) and machine translation (MT). This part of ISO 24614 is restricted to the segmentation of a text into words or other word segmentation units (WSUs). This task is distinct from morphological or syntactic analysis per se, although it greatly depends on morphosyntactic analysis. It is also different from the task of laying out a framework for constructing a lexicon and identifying its lexical entries, namely lemmas and lexemes. The frameworks for the latter tasks are provided by ISO 24611, ISO 24613 and ISO 24615. The main objective of this part of ISO 24614 is to specify rules for delineating WSUs for Chinese, Japanese and Korean. Some rules are common to all three languages, though each language also has its own distinct rules for identifying WSUs. The common features are discussed in Clause 5, then the distinct rules are laid out in Clause 6 for Chinese, Clause 7 for Japanese and Clause 8 for Korean.
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This part of ISO 24614 presents the basic concepts and general principles of word segmentation, and provides language-independent guidelines to enable written texts to be segmented, in a reliable and reproducible manner, into word segmentation units (WSU).
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
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The basic concepts and general principles of word segmentation as defined in ISO 24614-1 apply to Chinese, Japanese and Korean. Text needs to be segmented into tokens, words, phrases or some other types of smaller textual units in order to perform certain computational applications on language resources, such as natural language processing, information retrieval and machine translation. ISO 24614-2:2011 is restricted to the segmentation of a text into words or other word segmentation units (WSUs). This task is distinct from morphological or syntactic analysis per se, although it greatly depends on morphosyntactic analysis. It is also different from the task of laying out a framework for constructing a lexicon and identifying its lexical entries, namely lemmas and lexemes. The frameworks for the latter tasks are provided by ISO 24611, ISO 24613 and ISO 24615. ISO 24614-2:2011 specifies rules for delineating WSUs for Chinese, Japanese and Korean. Some rules are common to all three languages, though each language also has its own distinct rules for identifying WSUs. The common features are discussed, then the distinct rules are laid out for Chinese, for Japanese and for Korean.
- Standard49 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
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ISO 24614-1:2010 presents the basic concepts and general principles of word segmentation, and provides language-independent guidelines to enable written texts to be segmented, in a reliable and reproducible manner, into word segmentation units (WSU). The many applications and fields that need to segment texts into words — and thus to which ISO 24614-1:2010 can be applied — include translation, content management, speech technologies, computational linguistics and lexicography.
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ISO 11940-2:2007 includes pronunciation rules and conversion tables of Thai consonants and vowels. These rules are applied, in order, to each word that can be looked up or compared in the Dictionary of the Thai Royal Institute or a dictionary of Thai pronunciation. A short-long vowel is not distinguished in the simplified transcription system. The simplified transcription system does not include the pronunciation of the tone(s) of the word. Whenever the full pronunciation of each word is necessary or needed, conversion of long vowels can be devised and tone rules can be added to the system to achieve the full pronunciation of each word.
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Is one of a series of International Standards dealing with the conversion of systems of writing, following the principles of stringent conversion in order to permit international information exchange. Its aim is to provide a means for international communication of written messages in a form which permits the automatic transmission and reconstitution of these by men or machines. Cancels and replaces ISO Recommendation R 233-1961.
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Specifies a simplified system for the transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin characters. This simplification of the stringent rules established by ISO 259:1984 is especially intended to make easier the processing of bibliographic information.
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Establishes a system for the transliteration and/or transcription of Greek characters into Latin characters. This system applies to the characters of the Greek script, independent of the period in which it is or was used, i.e. scripts from all periods of Classic or Modern Greek. Replaces ISO/R 843.
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This International Standard provides tables which enable the transliteration into Latin characters from text in Indic
scripts which are largely specified in rows 09 to 0D of UCS (ISO/IEC 10646-1 and Unicode).
The tables provide for the Devanagari, Bengali (including the characters used for writing Assamese), Gujarati,
Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Sinhala, Tamil, and Telugu scripts which are used in India, Nepal,
Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The Devanagari, Bengali, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, and Oriya scripts are North Indian
scripts, and the Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, and Telugu scripts are South Indian scripts.
The Burmese, Khmer, Thai, Lao and Tibetan scripts which also share a common origin with the Indic scripts, and
which are used predominantly in Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Bhutan and the Tibetan Autonomous
Region within China, are not covered by this International Standard.
This International Standard applies to transliteration of Devanagari, and to Indic scripts related to Devanagari,
independent of the period in which it is or was used (i.e. for Devanagari script it can be used for transliterating text
in classical Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, and the Vedic language, for instance).
Other Indic scripts whose character repertoires are covered by the tables may also be transliterated using this
International Standard.
Options in this International Standard are defined in clause 9.
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Is one of a series of International Standards dealing with the conversion of systems of writing, following the principles of stringent conversion in order to permit international information exchange. Its aim is to provide a means for international communication of written messages in a form which permits the automatic transmission and reconstitution of these by men or machines.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
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Establishes a system for the transliteration of the characters of Korean script into Latin characters. Intended to provide a means for international communication of written documents.
- Technical report10 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
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Establishes a system for the transliteration of Georgian characters into Latin characters to permit international information exchange, particularly by electronic means.
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Cancels and replaces the first edition (1986). Establishes a system for the transliteration into Latin characters of Cyrillic characters constituting the alphabets of Slavic and non-Slavic languages. Table 3 includes in a single sequence, listed in the Cyrillic alphabetic order, the 118 single or diacritic-carrying characters that appear in one or another of the considered alphabets.
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Establishes a system for the transliteration of the modern Armenian alphabet into Latin characters to permit international information exchange, particularly by electronic means.
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This part of ISO 233 establishes a simplified system for the transliteration of Persian characters into Latin
characters. This simplification of the stringent rules established by ISO 233:1984 is especially intended to facilitate
the processing of bibliographic information (e.g. catalogues, indices, citations, etc.)
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
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This document specifies the requirements for labels containing human readable and bar coded information for fixing to steel products for the purpose of despatch, transport, and reception in accordance with the requirements of ISO 15394. Data elements are specified together with their status, location on the label, the appropriate data identifier and choice of bar code symbology.
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Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Transferred from WI CSI03033 (P. Pieters 97-03)
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Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Transferred from WI CSI03034 (P. Pieters 97-03)
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Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Transferred from WI CSI03035 (P. Pieters 97-03)
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Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Transferred from WI CSI03032 (P. Pieters 97-03)
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This International Standard provides tables which enable the transliteration into Latin characters from text in Indic scripts which are largely specified in rows 09 to 0D of UCS (ISO/IEC 10646-1 and Unicode). The tables provide for the Devanagari, Bengali (including the characters used for writing Assamese), Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Sinhala, Tamil, and Telugu scripts which are used in India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The Devanagari, Bengali, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, and Oriya scripts are North Indian scripts, and the Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, and Telugu scripts are South Indian scripts. The Burmese, Khmer, Thai, Lao and Tibetan scripts which also share a common origin with the Indic scripts, and which are used predominantly in Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Bhutan and the Tibetan Autonomous Region within China, are not covered by this International Standard. This International Standard applies to transliteration of Devanagari, and to Indic scripts related to Devanagari, independent of the period in which it is or was used (i.e. for Devanagari script it can be used for transliterating text in classical Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, and the Vedic language, for instance). Other Indic scripts whose character repertoires are covered by the tables may also be transliterated using this International Standard. Options in this International Standard are defined in clause 9.
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Establishes a system for the transliteration and/or transcription of Greek characters into Latin characters. This system applies to the characters of the Greek script, independent of the period in which it is or was used, i.e. scripts from all periods of Classic or Modern Greek. Replaces ISO/R 843.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
Establishes a system for the transliteration of the modern Armenian alphabet into Latin characters to permit international information exchange, particularly by electronic means.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
Establishes a system for the transliteration of Georgian characters into Latin characters to permit international information exchange, particularly by electronic means.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
Cancels and replaces the first edition (1986). Establishes a system for the transliteration into Latin characters of Cyrillic characters constituting the alphabets of Slavic and non-Slavic languages. Table 3 includes in a single sequence, listed in the Cyrillic alphabetic order, the 118 single or diacritic-carrying characters that appear in one or another of the considered alphabets.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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- Standard14 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard14 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard14 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard14 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
Specifies a simplified system for the transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin characters. This simplification of the stringent rules established by ISO 259:1984 is especially intended to make easier the processing of bibliographic information.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
Establishes a simplified system for the transliteration. This simplification of the stringent rules established by ISO 233:1984 is especially intended to facilitate the processing of bibliographic information (e.g. catalogues, indices, citations, etc.). Annex A gives the diacritical signs used (taken from the code table of ISO 5436:1983).
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Establishes a system for the romanization of the present-day Japanese written language. Unrestricted application for the system requires that the romanizer possess a detailed knowledge of the language in its present-day written form.
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- Standard6 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
Is one of a series of International Standards dealing with the conversion of systems of writing, following the principles of stringent conversion in order to permit international information exchange. Its aim is to provide a means for international communication of written messages in a form which permits the automatic transmission and reconstitution of these by men or machines. Cancels and replaces ISO Recommendation R 233-1961.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
Is one of a series of International Standards dealing with the conversion of systems of writing, following the principles of stringent conversion in order to permit international information exchange. Its aim is to provide a means for international communication of written messages in a form which permits the automatic transmission and reconstitution of these by men or machines.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document establishes governing principles and guidelines for developing plain language documents. The guidelines detail how the principles are interpreted and applied.
This document is for anybody who creates or helps create documents. The widest use of plain language is for documents that are intended for the general public. However, it is also applicable, for example, to technical writing, legislative drafting or using controlled languages.
This document applies to most, if not all, written languages, but it provides examples only in English.
While this document covers the essential elements of plain language, it has some intentional limits, as follows:
— It does not cover all types of communication. It applies only to printed or digital information that is primarily in the form of text.
NOTE 1 However, creators of other types of communications, such as podcasts and videos, can find this document useful.
— It does not include existing technical guidance about accessibility and digital documents, although the guidance can apply to both.
NOTE 2 For guidance on accessibility, authors of digital documents can consider the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines[4] and EN 301 549.[2]
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard15 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Draft21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document establishes a system for the transliteration of the Arabic characters (often called Perso-Arabic script) used to write in the Persian language into Latin characters. This modification of the stringent rules established by ISO 233:1984 is specifically intended to facilitate the processing of bibliographic information (e.g. catalogues, indices, citations, etc.).
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Draft17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day