ISO/FDIS 26910-1
(Main)Springs — Shot peening — Part 1: General procedures
Springs — Shot peening — Part 1: General procedures
ISO 26910-1:2009 specifies general requirements for the shot peening process applied to springs in order to improve their resistance to fatigue and stress corrosion cracking, mainly by introducing compressive residual stresses into their surface layers.
Ressorts — Grenaillage de précontrainte — Partie 1: Modes opératoires généraux
L'ISO 26910-1:2009 spécifie les exigences générales relatives au procédé de grenaillage de précontrainte appliqué aux ressorts afin d'améliorer leur résistance à la fatigue et à la fissuration par corrosion sous contrainte, principalement en créant des contraintes résiduelles de compression introduites dans leur couche superficielle.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
ISO /FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
Date: 2023-05-23
ISO/TC 227
Secretariat: JISC
Date: 2023-07-05
Springs — Shot peening — —
Part 1:
General procedures
Ressorts — Grenaillage de précontrainte — —
Partie 1: Modes opératoires généraux
Warning
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
FDIS stage
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO /FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can
be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO /FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
Contents
Foreword . v
Introduction. vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Strategies for conducting shot peening . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Mode of shot peening . 3
4.3 Conditions of shot peening . 3
4.4 Category of shot peening machine . 4
4.5 Protection of non-peening surface . 4
4.6 Pre- and post-peening treatments . 4
5 Peening media . 4
6 Almen strip . 5
6.1 Class of Almen strip . 5
6.2 Selection of the class of Almen strip . 6
6.3 Almen strip holder . 6
7 Method of measurement . 8
7.1 Measurement of Almen arc height . 8
7.2 Evaluation of coverage . 9
7.3 Determination of saturation time . 9
8 Shot peening machine . 9
9 Control of shot peening . 10
9.1 Almen arc height . 10
9.2 Coverage . 10
10 Measurement of residual stress . 10
11 Report . 10
Annex A (informative) Standard photographs of coverage. 11
Annex B (informative) Saturation time . 13
Annex C (informative) Almen gauge . 15
Bibliography . 17
Foreword iv
Introduction v
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions 1
4 Strategies for conducting shot peening 3
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO /FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
4.1 General 3
4.2 Mode of shot peening 3
4.3 Conditions of shot peening 3
4.4 Category of shot peening machine 4
4.5 Protection of non-peening surface 4
4.6 Pre- and post-peening treatments 4
5 Peening media 4
6 Almen strip 5
6.1 Class of Almen strip 5
6.2 Selection of the class of Almen strip 6
6.3 Almen strip holder 6
7 Method of measurement 7
7.1 Measurement of Almen arc height 7
7.2 Evaluation of coverage 8
7.3 Determination of saturation time 8
8 Shot peening machine 8
9 Control of shot peening 8
9.1 Almen arc height 8
9.2 Coverage 8
10 Measurement of residual stress 9
11 Report 9
Annex A (normative) Standard photographs of coverage 10
Annex B (normative) Saturation time 11
Annex C (informative) Almen gauge 13
Bibliography 15
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO /FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Field Code Changed
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of
(a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice
of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents.www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Field Code Changed
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 227, Springs.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 26910-1:2009), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 26910-1:2009/Amd. 1:2017.
The changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— — the Normative reference has been updated to ISO 80000-1;
— Amendment 1:2017 has been incorporated;
— It has been aligned with the latest drafting rules.
— — "or less" has been deleted from the sentence of 3.53.5 saturation time;
— — "and size" has been added to the sentence of a) of 4.34.3 Conditions of shot peening;
— — "Type A" has been added to the last sentence of 6.26.2 Selection of the class of Almen strip;
— the statuses of Annexes A and B have been changed to informative.
A list of all parts in the ISO 26910 series can be found on the ISO website.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO /FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
vi © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO /FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
Introduction
Shot peening is widely applied to various mechanical and structural elements in a wide range of industrial
fields, because of its effective improvement in the strength and life properties at moderate costs. It is also
used in some cases for other purposes such as to form thin sheet products, to increase wear resistance,
or to assist lubrication effect, deburring and so on. It is, however, especially important for spring
industries, as it is indispensable for the achievement of the required fatigue strength and to decrease
stress corrosion cracking.
The important effects of shot peening are known to be due mainly to the compressive residual stresses
introduced near the shot peened surface, and helped sometimes by the work hardening of the surface
layers. Various processing methods have been developed and practised together with diverse materials
for shot peening.
This part of ISO 26910document serves to establish smooth technical communication between the spring
manufacturers and industry related to shot peening, including peening machine manufacturers, peening
media suppliers and shot peening processors, as well as users of those springs in various industrial
sectors.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved vii
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
Springs — Shot peening — Part 1: General procedures
Part 1:
General procedures
1 Scope
This part of ISO 26910document specifies general requirements for the shot peening process applied to
springs in order to improve their resistance to fatigue and stress corrosion cracking, mainly by
introducing compressive residual stresses into their surface layers.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 80000--1, Quantities and units — Part 1: General
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminologicalterminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
shot peening
cold work applied to the surface of a material or a mechanical element, to improve its fatigue strength
and stress corrosion cracking resistance, by a stream of near spherical hard particles at a high velocity
that generates compressive residual stresses and work hardening in the surface layer
3.2
peening media
generally spherical or near-spherical hard particles, made of metals, glasses or ceramics, used for shot
peening
NOTE Note 1 to entry: Individual particles can be called shots.
3.3
Almen strip
rectangular metal strip used for evaluating the peening intensity by the magnitude of its bending
deformation after shot peening on one surface
3.4
Almen arc height
h
height of the arched deformation of an Almen strip measured on the basis of a fixed span
NOTE Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
3.5
saturation time
t
minimum time for which the successive increase of Almen arc height is 10 % for an additional exposure
equal to time t, i.e. a total time of 2t2 t
3.6
peening intensity
intensity of shot peening, dependent on the kinetic energy of shots acting on the unit surface area of the
workpiece per unit time, and is usually evaluated by the Almen arc height for the saturation time
3.7
saturation curve
trend curve representing the change of Almen arc height with time of shot peening, until the Almen arc
height saturates
3.8
coverage
area ratio of the dents formed by shot impacts to the total area of the measuring surface
3.9
residual stress
internal stress of a material remaining after the removal of external forces and heat applied on it
3.10
particle size distribution
size distribution of shots
3.11
ordinary peening
mode of shot peening using one type of peening media nominally larger than 0,2 mm and resulting in an
Almen arc height of between 0,15 mm and 0,6 mm (A)
3.12
multi-stage peening
mode of shot peening consisting of a series of peening at different conditions
NOTE Note 1 to entry: The name indicates the number of peening conditions combined, for example, “two-stage
peening”.
NOTE 2 Note 2 to entry: Two-stage peening is the one most practised. It usually consists of a first stage at an
intensive peening condition with larger shots at higher speeds, and a second stage at moderate or weak peen
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 26910-1
ISO/TC 227
Springs — Shot peening —
Secretariat: JISC
Voting begins on:
Part 1:
2023-07-19
General procedures
Voting terminates on:
2023-09-13
Ressorts — Grenaillage de précontrainte —
Partie 1: Modes opératoires généraux
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 26910-1
ISO/TC 227
Springs — Shot peening —
Secretariat: JISC
Voting begins on:
Part 1:
General procedures
Voting terminates on:
Ressorts — Grenaillage de précontrainte —
Partie 1: Modes opératoires généraux
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
ISO copyright office
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
DOCUMENTATION.
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: copyright@iso.org
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Strategies for conducting shot peening . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Mode of shot peening . 3
4.3 Conditions of shot peening. 3
4.4 Category of shot peening machine . 4
4.5 Protection of non-peening surface . 4
4.6 Pre- and post-peening treatments . 4
5 Peening media .4
6 Almen strip . 4
6.1 Class of Almen strip . 4
6.2 Selection of the class of Almen strip . 5
6.3 Almen strip holder . 5
7 Method of measurement .6
7.1 Measurement of Almen arc height . 6
7.2 Evaluation of coverage. 7
7.3 Determination of saturation time . 8
8 Shot peening machine .8
9 Control of shot peening .8
9.1 Almen arc height . 8
9.2 Coverage . 8
10 Measurement of residual stress .8
11 Report . 8
Annex A (informative) Standard photographs of coverage. 9
Annex B (informative) Saturation time .10
Annex C (informative) Almen gauge .12
Bibliography .14
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 227, Springs.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 26910-1:2009), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 26910-1:2009/Amd. 1:2017.
The changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the Normative reference has been updated to ISO 80000-1;
— "or less" has been deleted from the sentence of 3.5 saturation time;
— "and size" has been added to the sentence of a) of 4.3 Conditions of shot peening;
— "Type A" has been added to the last sentence of 6.2 Selection of the class of Almen strip;
— the statuses of Annexes A and B have been changed to informative.
A list of all parts in the ISO 26910 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
Introduction
Shot peening is widely applied to various mechanical and structural elements in a wide range of
industrial fields, because of its effective improvement in the strength and life properties at moderate
costs. It is also used in some cases for other purposes such as to form thin sheet products, to increase
wear resistance, or to assist lubrication effect, deburring and so on. It is, however, especially important
for spring industries, as it is indispensable for the achievement of the required fatigue strength and to
decrease stress corrosion cracking.
The important effects of shot peening are known to be due mainly to the compressive residual stresses
introduced near the shot peened surface, and helped sometimes by the work hardening of the surface
layers. Various processing methods have been developed and practised together with diverse materials
for shot peening.
This document serves to establish smooth technical communication between the spring manufacturers
and industry related to shot peening, including peening machine manufacturers, peening media
suppliers and shot peening processors, as well as users of those springs in various industrial sectors.
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
Springs — Shot peening —
Part 1:
General procedures
1 Scope
This document specifies general requirements for the shot peening process applied to springs in order
to improve their resistance to fatigue and stress corrosion cracking, mainly by introducing compressive
residual stresses into their surface layers.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 80000-1, Quantities and units — Part 1: General
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
shot peening
cold work applied to the surface of a material or a mechanical element, to improve its fatigue strength
and stress corrosion cracking resistance, by a stream of near spherical hard particles at a high velocity
that generates compressive residual stresses and work hardening in the surface layer
3.2
peening media
generally spherical or near-spherical hard particles, made of metals, glasses or ceramics, used for shot
peening
Note 1 to entry: Individual particles can be called shots.
3.3
Almen strip
rectangular metal strip used for evaluating the peening intensity by the magnitude of its bending
deformation after shot peening on one surface
3.4
Almen arc height
h
height of the arched deformation of an Almen strip measured on the basis of a fixed span
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres.
1
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 26910-1:2023(E)
3.5
saturation time
t
minimum time for which the successive increase of Almen arc height is 10 % for an additional exposure
equal to time t, i.e. a total time of 2 t
3.6
peening intensity
intensity of shot peening, dependent on the kinetic energy of shots acting on the unit surface area of the
workpiece per unit time, and is usually evaluated by the Almen arc height for the saturation time
3.7
saturation curve
trend curve representing the change of Almen arc height with time of shot peening, unti
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.