ISO 12439:2010
(Main)Mixing water for concrete
Mixing water for concrete
ISO 12439_2010 specifies the requirements for water that is suitable for making concrete in accordance with ISO 22965 (all parts) and describes methods for assessing its suitability.
Eau de gâchage pour béton
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12439
First edition
2010-02-01
Mixing water for concrete
Eau de gâchage pour béton
Reference number
ISO 12439:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
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ISO 12439:2010(E)
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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ISO 12439:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Classification of types of water .1
4 Requirements.2
5 Sampling.4
6 Testing.4
7 Test report.6
Annex A (normative) Requirements for the use of water recovered from processes in the
concrete industry .7
Annex B (informative) Testing scheme for mixing water for concrete.10
Annex C (informative) Recommended test methods.13
Bibliography.14
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ISO 12439:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12439 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed
concrete, Subcommittee SC 3, Concrete production and execution of concrete structures.
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ISO 12439:2010(E)
Introduction
The quality of the mixing water for production of concrete can influence the setting time, the strength
development of concrete and the protection of the reinforcement against corrosion.
When assessing the suitability of water of unknown quality for the production of concrete, it is necessary to
consider both the composition of the water and the application of the concrete being produced.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12439:2010(E)
Mixing water for concrete
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the requirements for water that is suitable for making concrete in
accordance with ISO 22965 (all parts) and describes methods for assessing its suitability.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1920-3, Testing of concrete — Part 3: Making and curing test specimens
ISO 1920-4, Testing of concrete — Part 4: Strength of hardened concrete
ISO 7890-1, Water quality — Determination of nitrate — Part 1: 2,6-Dimethylphenol spectrometric method
ISO 29581-1, Cement — Test methods — Part 1: Analysis by wet chemistry
ISO 22965-1, Concrete — Part 1: Methods of specifying and guidance for the specifier
ISO 22965-2, Concrete — Part 2: Specification of constituent materials, production of concrete and
compliance of concrete
3 Classification of types of water
3.1 General
In general, the suitability of water for the production of concrete depends upon its origin. The types given in
3.2 to 3.7 can be distinguished.
3.2 Potable water
This water is considered as suitable for use in concrete. Such water needs no testing.
3.3 Water recovered from processes in the concrete industry
This water, defined in A.2.1, is normally suitable for use in concrete, but shall be in accordance with the
requirements of Annex A.
3.4 Water from underground sources
This water can be suitable for use in concrete, but shall be tested.
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ISO 12439:2010(E)
3.5 Natural surface water and industrial waste water
This water can be suitable for use in concrete, but shall be tested.
3.6 Sea water or brackish water
This water may be used for concrete without reinforcement or other embedded metal but is, in general, not
suitable for the production of reinforced concrete. It shall not be used for the production of pre-stressed
concrete.
For concrete with steel reinforcement or embedded metal, the permitted total chloride content in the concrete
is the determining factor; see 4.3.1.
3.7 Sewage water
This water is not suitable for use in concrete.
4 Requirements
4.1 General
Water for use in concrete shall be in accordance with the requirements of 4.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 4.3.3. The
water shall also be in accordance with either the chemical requirements in 4.3.4, or with the requirements for
setting time and compressive strength in 4.4.
Water supplied as potable water is deemed to conform to the requirements in this International Standard.
When waters are mixed (see A.2.2), the requirements apply to the combined water.
4.2 Preliminary assessment
The water shall be examined in accordance with the test procedures stated in Table 1. Water not in
accordance with one or more of the requirements in Table 1 may be used only if it can be shown to be
suitable for use in concrete in accordance with 4.4.
4.3 Chemical properties
4.3.1 Chlorides
−
The chloride content of the water, tested in accordance with 6.1.3 and expressed as Cl , shall not exceed the
levels given in Table 2, unless it can be shown that the chloride content of the concrete does not exceed the
maximum value permitted for the total chloride content; see ISO 22965-2.
ISO 22965-2 recommends that limits for the total chloride content in concrete be given in a national annex to
ISO 22965-2. The values may be different depending on the end use. It can be necessary to amend the
recommended values in Table 2 to fit with the limits for the total chloride content.
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ISO 12439:2010(E)
Table 1 — Requirements and test procedures for preliminary inspection of mixing water
Number Parameter Requirement Test procedure
1 Oils and fats Not more than visible traces 6.1.1
2 Detergents Any foam should disappear within 2 min. 6.1.1
3 Colour Water not from sources classified as potable (3.2):
the colour shall be assessed qualitatively as pale 6.1.1
yellow or paler
4 Suspended Water from sources classified as potable (3.2) A.4.4
matter
Water from other sources: max. 4 ml of sediment 6.1.1
5 Odour Water from sources classified as potable (3.2): no
smell, except the odour allowed for potable water
and a slight smell of cement; where blast-furnace
slag is present in the water, a slight smell of
6.1.1
hydrogen sulfide
Water from other sources: no smell, except the
odour allowed for potable water; no smell of
hydrogen sulfide after addition of hydrochloric acid.
6 Acids pH W 5 6.1.1
7 Humic matter The colour shall be assessed qualitatively as
6.1.2
yellowish brown or paler after addition of NaOH.
Table 2 — Maximum recommended values for the chloride content of mixing water
Chloride concentration
Test
End use
max.
procedure
mg/l
Pre-stressed concrete or grout 500
Concrete with reinforcement or embedded metal 1 000 6.1.3
Concrete without reinforcement or embedded metal 4 500
4.3.2 Sulfates
2−
The sulfate content of the water, tested in accordance with 6.1.3 and expressed as SO , shall not exceed
4
2 000 mg/l.
4.3.3 Alkali
If it is expected to use alkali-reactive aggregates in the concrete and the exposure conditions of the concrete
can promote deleterious alkali-related reactions to occur, the water shall be tested for its alkali content in
accordance with 6.1.3. The equivalent sodium oxide content of the water shall not exceed 1 500 mg/l, unless it
can be shown that the alkali content of the concrete does not exceed the maximum value recommended. If
these limits are exceeded, the water may be used only if it can be shown that actions have been taken to
prevent deleterious alkali-silica reactions.
NOTE Guidance can be found in technical literature, such as CEN CR 1901.
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ISO 12439:2010(E)
4.3.4 Harmful contamination
In the first instance, qualitative tests for sugars, phosphates, nitrates, lead and zinc may be carried out. If the
qualitative tests show a positive result, either the quantity of the substance concerned shall be determined or
tests for setting time and compressive strength shall be performed.
If chemical analysis is chosen, the water shall conform to the limits given in Table 3.
Table 3 — Requirements for harmful substances
Maximum concentration
Substance Test procedure
mg/l
Sugars 100
Phosphates; expressed as P O 100
2 5
–
Nitrates; expressed as NO 500 6.1.3
3
2+
Lead; expressed as Pb 100
2+
Zinc; expressed as Zn 100
4.4 Setting time and strength
When tested in accordance with 6.1.4, the initial setting time obtained on paste samples made with the water
shall be not less than 1 h and not differ by more than 25 % from the initial setting time obtained on specimens
made with distilled or de-ionized water. The final setting time shall not exceed 10 h and not differ by more than
25 % from the final setting time obtained on specimens made with distilled or de-ionized water. Potable water
may be used, provided it has been demonstrated that it gives results similar to those obtained with distilled or
de-ionized water.
The mean compressive strength at 7 days and 28 days of the concrete or mortar specimens prepared with the
water shall be at least 90 % of the mean compressive strength of corresponding specimens prepared with
distilled or de-ionized water.
5 Sampling
A sample of water of not less than 5 l shall be taken. The sample shall be correctly identified and shall be
representative of the water being used, with due regard being given to the possible effects of seasonal
fluctuations.
The sample shall be stored in a clean and sealed container. The container shall be rinsed out with water from
the source prior to filling to capacity with the water sample.
The water shall be tested within two weeks of sampling.
6 Testing
6.1 Test methods
6.1.1 Preliminary assessment
A small subsample shall be assessed as soon as possible after sampling for oil and fats, detergents, colour,
suspended matter, odour and humic matter.
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ISO 12439:2010(E)
Bring any material that has settled back into suspension by shaking the sample. Pour 80 ml of the sample into
a 100 ml measuring cylinder. Seal with a suitable stopper and shake the cylinder vigorously for 30 s. Smell the
sample for any odours other than those of clean water. If in doubt about the odour, test the water for its odour
level in accordance with national regulations for potable water. The odour level of the water shall be lower
than the maximum level accepted for potable water. Observe the surface for foam. Set the cylinder in a place
free from vibration and allow to stand for 30 min. After 2 min, check the sample for the continuing presence of
foam and signs of any oils or fats. After 30 min have elapsed, observe the apparent volume of the settled
solids and the colour of the water. Measure the pH using indicator paper or a pH meter. Then, add 0,5 ml
...
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