ISO 13856-2:2005
(Main)Safety of machinery — Pressure-sensitive protective devices — Part 2: General principles for the design and testing of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars
Safety of machinery — Pressure-sensitive protective devices — Part 2: General principles for the design and testing of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars
ISO 13856-2:2005 specifies the general principles and requirements for the design and testing of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars for use as safety devices and not as actuating devices for normal operation. It is applicable to pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars, with or without an external reset facility, used to detect persons or parts of persons who may be exposed to danger such as hazardous moving parts. Its purpose relates primarily to safety and reliability rather than suitability. It is restricted to the functioning of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars and does not specify the requirements for their application, but does contain requirements for the information for use to be provided by the manufacturer. It does not specify the dimensions of the pressure-sensitive edges or bars in relation to a particular application. It is not applicable to stopping devices according to IEC 60204-1 used only for normal operational, including emergency stopping, of machinery. Additional requirements could be necessary where pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars are used in locations accessible to elderly or disabled people or children.
Sécurité des machines — Dispositifs de protection sensibles à la pression — Partie 2: Principes généraux de conception et d'essai des bords et barres sensibles à la pression
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13856-2
First edition
2005-02-15
Safety of machinery — Pressure-
sensitive protective devices —
Part 2:
General principles for the design and
testing of pressure-sensitive edges and
pressure-sensitive bars
Sécurité des machines — Dispositifs de protection sensibles à la
pression —
Partie 2: Principes généraux de conception et d'essai des bords et
barres sensibles à la pression
Reference number
ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 3
4 Requirements . 11
5 Marking (see 7.24 for test method) . 19
6 Information for selection and use (see 7.4 and 7.25 for test method). 19
7 Verification of requirements . 22
Annex A (normative) Timing diagrams for devices with and without reset . 36
Annex B (informative) Operating speed, force and travel — Explanatory remarks and
recommendations . 40
Annex C (informative) Device selection guidance for the machinery manufacturer/user . 42
Annex D (informative) Design guidance. 44
Annex E (informative) Application guidance . 47
Annex F (informative) Guidance on installation, commissioning and testing . 48
Annex G (informative) General considerations for systems meeting category 2 according to
ISO 13849-1. 50
Bibliography . 51
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 199 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.
ISO 13856 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of machinery — Pressure-sensitive
protective devices:
Part 1: General principles for design and testing of pressure-sensitive mats and pressure-sensitive floors
Part 2: General principles for the design and testing of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive
bars
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
Introduction
ISO 13856 covers safety devices that detect the presence of a person through the application of a pressure or
force by a part of the person's body. After actuation, the safety devices give a stop command which is used by
the control system of the machine to provide protection for the person who caused the device to be actuated.
Annex A of this part of ISO 13856 presents timing diagrams for devices with and without reset. Annex B
explains the relationship between operating speed, the force exerted on the body and the distance travelled
by the device following actuation. Annex C provides guidance to users on the selection of a suitable device. It
is advisable that the supplier and customer liaise to examine carefully the constraints presented by the
application before placing an order for the equipment.
The safeguarding of machinery (see ISO 12100-1:2003, 3.20) can be achieved by many different means.
These means include guards which prevent access to the hazard zone by means of a physical barrier (e.g.
fixed guards according to ISO 14120, or interlocking guards according to ISO 14119), protective devices (e.g.
electro-sensitive protective equipment according to IEC 61496) and pressure-sensitive protective devices
according to this document.
Type-C standards makers and designers of machinery/installations (see page vi for an explanation of the
different types of machinery safety standards) need to consider the best way to achieve the required level of
safety taking into account the intended application and the results of the risk assessment (see ISO 14121).
The best solution may combine several of these different means. It is advisable, too, that the
machinery/installation supplier and the user examine together carefully the existing constraints before making
their decision on the choice of safeguarding means.
Annex D gives guidance regarding the design of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars.
Annex E gives guidance on the application of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars. Annex F
gives guidance on installation, commissioning and testing. Annex G covers general considerations for meeting
category 2 according to ISO 13849-1.
This part of ISO 13856 does not specify the dimensions or the configuration of the effective sensing surface of
pressure-sensitive edges or pressure-sensitive bars in relation to any particular application. However, there is
a requirement for the manufacturer of any safety device to provide sufficient information to enable the user (i.e.
the machinery manufacturer and/or user of the machinery) to specify an adequate arrangement.
Pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars are safety devices of the “mechanically actuated trip
device” type. General requirements for these devices (as well as other safety devices) are given in
ISO 12100-2:2003, 5.1 and 5.2.
Pressure-sensitive edges and bars are used in a wide range of applications with different conditions of use
relating, for example, to loading, electrical, physical and chemical environments. They are interfaced with
machine controls to ensure that the machine reverts to a safe condition if the device is actuated.
Pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars may be fitted to a moving part of a machine at the point
where a trapping, crushing or collision hazard may occur. They may also be fitted to a fixed part of a machine
or an obstacle to prevent trapping or crushing hazards with a moving part of a machine. Pressure-sensitive
edges and pressure-sensitive bars are designed, selected, installed and/or interfaced with the control system
of the machine so that the force/pressure applied to a person or parts of the body do not exceed certain limits.
Pressure-sensitive edges, bars, bumpers and barriers have many similarities. Table 1 summarises the
differences which generally apply between the two types of devices covered by this part of ISO 16856 and
gives guidance for their application.
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
Table 1 — Characteristic features of pressure-sensitive edges and bars
Feature Edge Bar
According to this part of ISO 13856-2
Cross section Regular Regular
Length/width ratio >1 Any ratio
Effective sensing surface Deflects locally Moves as a whole
Intended to detect… finger finger
hand hand
arm arm
leg leg
head head
torso torso
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows:
type-A standards (basis safety standards) giving basic concepts, principle for design, and general aspects
that can be applied to machinery;
type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one type of safeguard that
can be used across a wide range of machinery:
type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hands controls, interlocking devices, pressure-sensitive
devices, guards);
type-C standards (machinery safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular
machine or group of machines.
This part of ISO 13856 is a type-B2 standard as stated in ISO 12100-1.
When provisions of a type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or -B standards, the
provisions of the type-C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of the type-C standard.
ISO/TC 199 has a mandate in this area to produce type-A and type-B standards, which will allow verification
of conformity with the essential safety requirements.
ISO 13856-2 is based on EN 1760-2:2001, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
Safety of machinery — Pressure-sensitive protective devices —
Partie 2:
General principles for the design and testing of pressure-
sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars
1 Scope
This part of ISO 13856 specifies the general principles and requirements for the design and testing of
pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars for use as safety devices and not as actuating devices
for normal operation. It is applicable to pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars, with or without
an external reset facility, used to detect persons or parts of persons who may be exposed to danger such as
hazardous moving parts. Its purpose relates primarily to safety and reliability rather than suitability (for the
relationship between safety and reliability, see ISO 13849-1:1999, Annex D).
This part of ISO 13856 is restricted to the functioning of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars
and does not specify the requirements for their application. However, Clause 6 does contain requirements for
the information for use to be provided by the manufacturer. This document does not specify the dimensions of
the pressure-sensitive edges or bars in relation to a particular application. It is not applicable to stopping
devices according to IEC 60204-1 used only for normal operational, including emergency stopping,
of machinery. Additional requirements could be necessary where pressure-sensitive edges and
pressure-sensitive bars are used in locations accessible to elderly or disabled people or children.
NOTE It may not be possible to carry out all the tests in this document for pressure-sensitive edges and
pressure-sensitive bars when they have been designed and built into the machinery by the manufacturer.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4413, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules relating to systems
ISO 4414, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules relating to systems
ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology
ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical
principles
ISO 13849-1:1999, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design
ISO 13849-2:1999, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing — Part 2: Tests — Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
IEC 60068-2-14, Environmental testing — Part 2: Tests — Test N: Change of temperature
IEC 60068-2-29, Environmental testing — Part 2: tests. Test Eb and guidance: bump
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing — Part 2-78: Tests — Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
IEC 60204-1:1997, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60439-1:1999, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies — Part 1: Type-tested and partially
type-tested assemblies
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code)
IEC 60664-1:1992, Insulation co-ordination for equipment within low-voltage systems — Part 1: Principles,
requirements and tests
IEC 60947-5-1:1997, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and
switching elements — Electromechanical control circuit devices
IEC 61000-4-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques —
Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test — Basic EMC publication
IEC 61000-4-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques —
Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
IEC 61000-4-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques —
Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test — Basic EMV publication
IEC 61000-4-5, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques —
Section 5: Surge immunity test
IEC 61000-4-6, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC —- Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques —
Section 6: Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields
IEC 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-2: Generic standards — Immunity for industrial
environments
IEC 61000-6-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-3: Generic standards — Emission standard for
residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
IEC 61496-1, Safety of machinery — Electro-sensitive protective equipment — Part 1: General requirements
and tests
IEC 61496-2, Safety of machinery — Electrosensitive protective equipment — Part 2: Particular requirements
for equipment using active optoelectronic protective devices
IEC 61496-3, Safety of machinery — Electro-sensitive protective equipment — Part 3: Particular requirements
for Active Opto-electronic Protective Devices responsive to Diffuse Reflection (AOPDDR)
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100-1 and the following apply.
3.1
pressure-sensitive edge
safety device of the “mechanically activated trip” type intended to detect the touch of a person or part of a
person and comprising
a) sensor(s) which generates a signal when pressure is applied to part of its surface, where
the length is greater than the width,
the cross section throughout the pressure-sensitive area is constant,
the width of the cross section is greater than 8 mm,
the effective sensing surface is deformed locally to actuate the sensor(s), and
b) control unit, which responds to the signal from the sensor and generates an output signal(s) to the control
system of a machine
See Figure 1.
NOTE The width of the sensor's cross section is usually u 80 mm.
3.2
pressure-sensitive bar
safety device comprising
a) sensor(s) which generates a signal when pressure is applied to part of its surface, where
the length is greater than the width,
the cross section throughout the pressure-sensitive area is constant,
the width of the cross section is greater than 8 mm,
the effective sensing surface moves as a whole to actuate the sensor(s), and
b) control unit, which responds to the signal from the sensor and generates an output signal(s) to the control
system of a machine
See Figure 1.
NOTE 1 The width of the sensor's cross section is usually u 80 mm.
NOTE 2 The surface of a pressure-sensitive bar can also deform locally but the deformation does not actuate the
sensor(s).
3.3
sensor
part of the pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar which generates a signal in response to sufficient
pressure applied to part of its surface
NOTE Definitions 3.3 to 3.5 define the functional components of a pressure-sensitive edge or bar. These functions
may be integrated into a single assembly or may be contained in any number of separate assemblies (see Figure 1). For
example, a simple pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar actuating a position detection switch may be
considered to be the sensor, the control unit, and the output signal switching device.
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
3.4
control unit
part of the pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar which responds to the condition of the sensor
and generates output signals to the machine control system
NOTE Definitions 3.3 to 3.5 define the functional components of a pressure-sensitive edge or bar. These functions
may be integrated into a single assembly or may be contained in any number of separate assemblies (see Figure 1). For
example, a simple pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar actuating a position detection switch may be
considered to be the sensor, the control unit, and the output signal switching device.
3.5
output signal switching device
part of the control unit of a pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar which is connected to the
machine control system and transmits output signals
NOTE Definitions 3.3 to 3.5 define the functional components of a pressure-sensitive edge or bar. These functions
may be integrated into a single assembly or may be contained in any number of separate assemblies (see Figure 1). For
example, a simple pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar actuating a position detection switch may be
considered to be the sensor, the control unit, and the output signal switching device.
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
Key
A Manual reset signal to machine control system (where appropriate alternative to 9).
B Machine control system(s)
1 pressure-sensitive edge or bar 7 sensor output signal
2 sensor(s) 8 on state/off state signal
a
3 control unit 9 manual reset signal
a (where appropriate alternative to A)
4 output signal switching device(s)
10 reset signal from machine control system
5 part of machine control system for pressure-sensitive
(where appropriate)
edge/pressure-sensitive bar output signal processing
11 monitoring signals (optional)
6 actuating force
a
May be located within the machine control system enclosure or be part of the machine control system.
Figure 1 — Pressure-sensitive edge or bar applied to machine
3.6
ON state
state in which the output circuit(s) of an output signal switching device is complete and permits the flow of
current or fluid
3.7
OFF state
state in which the output circuit(s) of an output signal switching device is broken and interrupts the flow of
current or fluid
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
3.8
actuating force
any force applied to the sensor which causes the output signal switching device(s) to go to the OFF state
3.9
effective sensing surface
part of the surface of the sensor or a combination of sensors within the effective sensing angle and the
effective sensing length where the application of an actuating force creates an OFF state in the output signal
switching device
NOTE See, for example, Figures 2 and 3.
3.10
effective sensing length
length of the effective sensing surface
3.11
reference axis
line in the direction of the length of the sensor, whose position in the cross-sectional view of the sensor is
used to define the effective sensing surface
See Figures 2 and 3.
3.12
effective sensing angle
angle around the reference axis, which limits the effective sensing surface along the effective sensing length
See Figures 2 and 3.
3.13
reference direction
direction of actuation, from a point on the effective sensing surface towards the reference axis, which bisects
the effective sensing angle and is normal to the reference axis
See Figures 2 and 3.
3.14
dead surface(s)
part of the surface area of the sensor outside the effective sensing surface
See Figures 2 and 3.
a) Symmetrical with dead surface at ends
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
b) Symmetrical without dead surface at ends
c) Asymmetrical with dead surface at ends
d) Asymmetrical without dead surface at ends
Key
effective sensing surface
dead surface
L effective sensing length 1 reference direction
α effective sensing angle 2 reference axis
β see 7.5.2
Figure 2 — Effective sensing surfaces of pressure-sensitive edges
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
Key
effective sensing surface
dead surface
L effective sensing length 1 reference direction
α effective sensing angle 2 reference axis
β see 7.5.2
Figure 3 — Effective sensing surface of pressure-sensitive bars
3.15
pre-travel
distance travelled by an object, moving in a direction normal to the reference axis and in the axis of the
applied actuating force measured from where this object touches the effective sensing surface to where the
output signal switching device(s) changes to an OFF state under specified conditions
See Figure 4.
3.16
working travel
distance travelled by an object, moving in a direction normal to the reference axis, from where this object
touches the effective sensing surface, under specified conditions, to where a stated limit force is exerted on
the object
See Figure 4.
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
3.17
overtravel
difference between the working travel and the pre-travel when both are measured with the same object
applied under the same conditions
See Figure 4.
3.18
force–travel relationship
relationship between force applied normal to the reference axis and the distance travelled by a specified
object normal to the reference axis under specified conditions
See Figure 4.
Test piece 1 according to Figure 6 is used to apply the forces.
Key
a
A pre-travel (actuating point and actuating maximum operating) Force (N).
b
B working travel (for example, occurs at 250 N or 400 N operating Travel (mm).
c
speed of less than or equal to 10 mm/s)
Pre-travel.
d
C total travel (for example, occurs at 600 N operating
Overtravel at 250 N.
speed of less than or equal to 10 mm/s)
e
Working travel at 250 N.
f
Overtravel at 400 N.
1 stated limit force
g
Working travel at 400 N.
2 lowest actuating force
h
Total travel.
Figure 4 — Diagram of force — Travel relationship
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
3.19
reset
function which permits an ON state in the output signal switching device(s) provided that certain conditions are
met
NOTE See Annex A.
3.20
mounting orientations
orientation in space of the sensor
See Figure 5.
Figure 5 — Sensor mounting orientations A to E
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
3.21
total travel
movement or deformation of the effective sensing surface of a pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive
bar which is measured in the direction of the actuating force, from the point of contact to the point where no
further significant deformation of the effective sensing surface occurs, e.g. at a force of 600 N
3.22
start interlock
means which prevents the start of an automatic machine when power (e.g. the electrical supply) is switched
on to the pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar, or is interrupted and restored
3.23
operating speed
any speed at which a force is applied to the sensor and which causes the output signal switching device to go
to the OFF state
4 Requirements
4.1 Effective sensing surface
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the manufacturer shall state the effective sensing surface by giving the
dimensions x, y, z; the angles alpha and beta and the effective sensing length.
The effective sensing angle of pressure-sensitive devices with heights (see Figure 2) x + z W 40 mm shall
be W 90°.
The effective sensing angle of pressure-sensitive devices with a height x + z < 40 mm shall be at least 40°.
If the effective sensing angle is less than 90°, a clear warning shall be given in the information for use
(see Clause 6).
4.2 Actuating force (see 7.5 and 7.6 for test method)
CAUTION — The forces specified in this subclause are primarily intended for the purposes of
assessing the pressure-sensitive performance of the device. These forces should not be considered
as safe forces (see Annex C and ISO 14120:2002, 5.2.5.2 for guidance).
The lowest actuating force(s), normal to the reference axis, shall not exceed those specified in Table 2 when
applied at the test speeds (from minimum to maximum operating speed) over the effective sensing surface
and over the operating temperature range with the sensor in the mounting orientations (see Figure 5) which
the manufacturer has specified are suitable for use.
Table 2 — Relationship between test pieces and actuating forces
Test piece (see Figure 6) 1 2 3
Actuating force (N) 150 600 50
Test piece 3 shall be applied only to pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars that are designed
to detect fingers.
4.3 Pre-travel (see 7.7.2 for test method)
The pre-travel shall not be more than that stated by the manufacturer.
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ISO 13856-2:2005(E)
4.4 Overtravel (see 7.7.4 for test method)
The overtravel shall not be less than that stated by the manufacturer.
4.5 Working travel (see 7.7.3 for test method)
The working travel sh
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