ISO/TR 22100-1:2021
(Main)Safety of machinery — Relationship with ISO 12100 — Part 1: How ISO 12100 relates to type-B and type-C standards
Safety of machinery — Relationship with ISO 12100 — Part 1: How ISO 12100 relates to type-B and type-C standards
This document provides assistance to the designer/manufacturer of machinery and related components as to how the system of existing type-A, type-B and type-C machinery safety standards should be applied in order to design a machine to achieve a level of tolerable risk by adequate risk reduction. This document explains the general principles of ISO 12100 and how this type-A standard is used for practical cases in conjunction with type-B and type-C machinery safety standards. This document provides assistance to standards-writing committees on how ISO 12100 and type-B and type-C standards relate and explains their function in the risk assessment and risk reduction process according to ISO 12100. This document includes an overview of existing categories of type-B standards to assist standards readers and writers to navigate the many standards.
Sécurité des machines — Relation avec l'ISO 12100 — Partie 1: Relation entre l'ISO 12100 et les normes de type B et type C
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TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 22100-1
Second edition
2021-01
Safety of machinery — Relationship
with ISO 12100 —
Part 1:
How ISO 12100 relates to type-B and
type-C standards
Sécurité des machines — Relation avec l'ISO 12100 —
Partie 1: Relation entre l'ISO 12100 et les normes de type B et type C
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General structure of the system of machinery safety standards . 2
5 System of type-A, type-B and type-C standards . 2
5.1 Type-A standard (ISO 12100) . 2
5.2 Type-B standards . 6
5.2.1 General. 6
5.2.2 Type-B1 standards . 6
5.2.3 Type-B2 standards . 6
5.3 Type-C standards . 6
5.3.1 General. 6
5.3.2 Content provided by type-C standards . 7
5.3.3 Deviations in a type-C standard from a type-B standard . 7
6 Practical application of ISO 12100, type-B and type-C standards in order to design a
machine to achieve a level of tolerable risk by adequate risk reduction .7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Application of an appropriate type-C standard . 8
6.2.1 General. 8
6.2.2 Steps to be followed . 9
7 Navigating appropriate type-B machinery safety standards .10
Annex A (informative) Iterative process of risk assessment and risk reduction .12
Annex B (informative) Types of ISO documents .13
Bibliography .14
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www. iso. org/d irectives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www. iso. org/p atents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www. iso. org/i so/f oreword. html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 22100-1:2015), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows.
— the wording "…, hazardous situation(s) or hazardous event(s)" has been deleted from 5.3.2 (NOTE
and last paragraph) and 6.2.2 (subheading "Step 4B"and the following two paragraphs as well as
Step 4C, fifth paragraph), eight times, in total;
— in 6.2.1, second paragraph, second sentence "this part of ISO 22100" has been corrected to "that
type-C standard";
— the sentence given in 6.2.2, Step 4C, as paragraph below the Note has also been inserted as new
penultimate paragraph to Step 4B.
A list of all parts in the ISO/TR 22100 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This document is written to assist the designer/manufacturer of machinery and related components
in understanding and navigating the different types of ISO machinery safety standards. It presents
the different ISO deliverables (see Annex B) and explains the type-A, type-B and type-C structure of
machinery safety standards and their interrelationship with regard to the practical design of machinery
subjected to adequate risk reduction to achieve tolerable risk.
This document can be helpful for standard writing committees (type-B and type-C), too. However, it
does not provide specification of the general content that is expected to be included in the different
types of machinery safety standards. This specification is given in ISO Guide 78.
This document includes a visual representation of many ISO machinery safety standards to assist in
improving understanding of the interrelationships and linkages between these documents.
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 22100-1:2021(E)
Safety of machinery — Relationship with ISO 12100 —
Part 1:
How ISO 12100 relates to type-B and type-C standards
1 Scope
This document provides assistance to the designer/manufacturer of machinery and related components
as to how the system of existing type-A, type-B and type-C machinery safety standards should be
applied in order to design a machine to achieve a level of tolerable risk by adequate risk reduction.
This document explains the general principles of ISO 12100 and how this type-A standard is used for
practical cases in conjunction with type-B and type-C machinery safety standards.
This document provides assistance to standards-writing committees on how ISO 12100 and type-B and
type-C standards relate and explains their function in the risk assessment and risk reduction process
according to ISO 12100.
This document includes an overview of existing categories of type-B standards to assist standards
readers and writers to navigate the many standards.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
adequate risk reduction
risk reduction that is at least in accordance with legal requirements, taking into consideration the
current state of the art
[SOURCE: ISO 12100:2010, 3.18, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed.]
3.2
tolerable risk
level of risk that is accepted in a given context based on the current values of society
Note 1 to entry: The terms “acceptable risk” and “tolerable risk” are considered to be synonymous.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.15, modified — In Note 1 to entry, the words “For the purpose of
this Guide” have been deleted.]
4 General structure of the system of machinery safety standards
Standards on safety of machinery have the following structure:
— type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general
aspects that can be applied to machinery;
— type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one type of safeguard
that can be used across a wide range of machinery;
— type-C standards (machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a
particular machine or group of machines.
As shown in Figure 1, ISO 12100 is the type-A standard specifying the general principles for safety of
machinery and applies to all machinery.
Figure 1 — General structure of the system of machinery safety standards
5 System of type-A, type-B and type-C standards
5.1 Type-A standard (ISO 12100)
ISO 12100 specifies the principle strategy for safety of machinery. Risk assessment and adequate
risk reduction by an iterative three-step method are the imperative measures to design a machine to
achieve a level of tolerable risk.
To implement risk assessment and risk reduction, the following actions should be taken by the designer
in the order given (see Figure 2):
a) determine the limits of the machinery, which includes the intended use and any reasonably
foreseeable misuse thereof;
b) identify the hazards and associated hazardous situations;
c) estimate the risk for each identified hazard and hazardous situation;
d) evaluate the risk and decision whether a risk reduction is needed or not;
e) eliminate the hazard or reduction of the risk associated with the hazard by means of protective
measures/risk reduction measures.
NOTE 1 For the purposes of this document, the terms “protective measure” (see ISO 12100:2010, 3.19) and
“risk reduction measure” are synonymous and referred to any action or means used to eliminate hazards and/or
reduce risks.
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Actions a) to d) are related to risk assessment and action e) to risk reduction.
Risk assessment is a series of logical steps to enable, in a systematic way, the identification of hazards
as well as the estimation and evaluation of the risks associated with machinery.
As a result of the risk assessment, the h
...
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 22100-1
Second edition
2021-01
Safety of machinery — Relationship
with ISO 12100 —
Part 1:
How ISO 12100 relates to type-B and
type-C standards
Sécurité des machines — Relation avec l'ISO 12100 —
Partie 1: Relation entre l'ISO 12100 et les normes de type B et type C
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General structure of the system of machinery safety standards . 2
5 System of type-A, type-B and type-C standards . 2
5.1 Type-A standard (ISO 12100) . 2
5.2 Type-B standards . 6
5.2.1 General. 6
5.2.2 Type-B1 standards . 6
5.2.3 Type-B2 standards . 6
5.3 Type-C standards . 6
5.3.1 General. 6
5.3.2 Content provided by type-C standards . 7
5.3.3 Deviations in a type-C standard from a type-B standard . 7
6 Practical application of ISO 12100, type-B and type-C standards in order to design a
machine to achieve a level of tolerable risk by adequate risk reduction .7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Application of an appropriate type-C standard . 8
6.2.1 General. 8
6.2.2 Steps to be followed . 9
7 Navigating appropriate type-B machinery safety standards .10
Annex A (informative) Iterative process of risk assessment and risk reduction .12
Annex B (informative) Types of ISO documents .13
Bibliography .14
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www. iso. org/d irectives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www. iso. org/p atents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www. iso. org/i so/f oreword. html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 22100-1:2015), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows.
— the wording "…, hazardous situation(s) or hazardous event(s)" has been deleted from 5.3.2 (NOTE
and last paragraph) and 6.2.2 (subheading "Step 4B"and the following two paragraphs as well as
Step 4C, fifth paragraph), eight times, in total;
— in 6.2.1, second paragraph, second sentence "this part of ISO 22100" has been corrected to "that
type-C standard";
— the sentence given in 6.2.2, Step 4C, as paragraph below the Note has also been inserted as new
penultimate paragraph to Step 4B.
A list of all parts in the ISO/TR 22100 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This document is written to assist the designer/manufacturer of machinery and related components
in understanding and navigating the different types of ISO machinery safety standards. It presents
the different ISO deliverables (see Annex B) and explains the type-A, type-B and type-C structure of
machinery safety standards and their interrelationship with regard to the practical design of machinery
subjected to adequate risk reduction to achieve tolerable risk.
This document can be helpful for standard writing committees (type-B and type-C), too. However, it
does not provide specification of the general content that is expected to be included in the different
types of machinery safety standards. This specification is given in ISO Guide 78.
This document includes a visual representation of many ISO machinery safety standards to assist in
improving understanding of the interrelationships and linkages between these documents.
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 22100-1:2021(E)
Safety of machinery — Relationship with ISO 12100 —
Part 1:
How ISO 12100 relates to type-B and type-C standards
1 Scope
This document provides assistance to the designer/manufacturer of machinery and related components
as to how the system of existing type-A, type-B and type-C machinery safety standards should be
applied in order to design a machine to achieve a level of tolerable risk by adequate risk reduction.
This document explains the general principles of ISO 12100 and how this type-A standard is used for
practical cases in conjunction with type-B and type-C machinery safety standards.
This document provides assistance to standards-writing committees on how ISO 12100 and type-B and
type-C standards relate and explains their function in the risk assessment and risk reduction process
according to ISO 12100.
This document includes an overview of existing categories of type-B standards to assist standards
readers and writers to navigate the many standards.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
adequate risk reduction
risk reduction that is at least in accordance with legal requirements, taking into consideration the
current state of the art
[SOURCE: ISO 12100:2010, 3.18, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed.]
3.2
tolerable risk
level of risk that is accepted in a given context based on the current values of society
Note 1 to entry: The terms “acceptable risk” and “tolerable risk” are considered to be synonymous.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.15, modified — In Note 1 to entry, the words “For the purpose of
this Guide” have been deleted.]
4 General structure of the system of machinery safety standards
Standards on safety of machinery have the following structure:
— type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general
aspects that can be applied to machinery;
— type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one type of safeguard
that can be used across a wide range of machinery;
— type-C standards (machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a
particular machine or group of machines.
As shown in Figure 1, ISO 12100 is the type-A standard specifying the general principles for safety of
machinery and applies to all machinery.
Figure 1 — General structure of the system of machinery safety standards
5 System of type-A, type-B and type-C standards
5.1 Type-A standard (ISO 12100)
ISO 12100 specifies the principle strategy for safety of machinery. Risk assessment and adequate
risk reduction by an iterative three-step method are the imperative measures to design a machine to
achieve a level of tolerable risk.
To implement risk assessment and risk reduction, the following actions should be taken by the designer
in the order given (see Figure 2):
a) determine the limits of the machinery, which includes the intended use and any reasonably
foreseeable misuse thereof;
b) identify the hazards and associated hazardous situations;
c) estimate the risk for each identified hazard and hazardous situation;
d) evaluate the risk and decision whether a risk reduction is needed or not;
e) eliminate the hazard or reduction of the risk associated with the hazard by means of protective
measures/risk reduction measures.
NOTE 1 For the purposes of this document, the terms “protective measure” (see ISO 12100:2010, 3.19) and
“risk reduction measure” are synonymous and referred to any action or means used to eliminate hazards and/or
reduce risks.
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Actions a) to d) are related to risk assessment and action e) to risk reduction.
Risk assessment is a series of logical steps to enable, in a systematic way, the identification of hazards
as well as the estimation and evaluation of the risks associated with machinery.
As a result of the risk assessment, the h
...
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