ISO 14620-2:2011
(Main)Space systems — Safety requirements — Part 2: Launch site operations
Space systems — Safety requirements — Part 2: Launch site operations
ISO 14620:2011 specifies requirements for the safety liabilities of countries undertaking space activities or allowing operators to perform space activities on or from their territory under outer space treaties adopted by the United Nations. It defines the safety responsibilities for the operators involved in commercial or non-commercial space launch activities. ISO 14620:2011 establishes the overall safety requirements to be observed on a launch site for prelaunch (integration, test, checking, preparation, etc.) and launch operations of a space object. It provides the basic principles to enable any operator to implement its own safety methods, tools, and procedures, to ensure the safety of people and personnel, public and private property, and the environment, in a consistent and uniform manner.
Systèmes spatiaux — Exigences de sécurité — Partie 2: Opérations sur le site de lancement
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14620-2
Second edition
2011-08-15
Space systems — Safety requirements —
Part 2:
Launch site operations
Systèmes spatiaux — Exigences de sécurité —
Partie 2: Opérations sur le site de lancement
Reference number
ISO 14620-2:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
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ISO 14620-2:2011(E)
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ISO 14620-2:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative reference . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Operator’s safety responsibilities . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Occupational safety and health . 5
4.3 Ground and environment safety . 5
4.4 Flight safety . 7
5 Launch safety requirements . 8
5.1 Safety risk expressions . 8
5.2 Severity classes . 8
5.3 Quantitative safety objectives . 9
5.4 Qualitative safety principles . 9
5.5 Qualitative ground safety principles .10
5.6 Qualitative flight safety principles .10
6 Launch safety process . 11
6.1 Launch safety process requirement . 11
6.2 Safety risk control . 11
6.3 Procedure .12
6.4 Safety submission process .12
6.5 Processing of nonconformities .12
6.6 Safety training .13
6.7 Mishap investigation .14
7 Safety documentation .15
7.1 Structure .15
7.2 Safety regulations .15
7.3 Safety rules .15
7.4 Application documents .15
Annex A (informative) Basic legislation — International treaties and other legislative acts .16
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ISO 14620-2:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14620-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee
SC 14, Space systems and operations.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14620-2:2000), which has been technically revised.
ISO 14620 consists of the following parts, under the general title Space systems — Safety requirements:
— Part 1: System safety
— Part 2: Launch site operations
— Part 3: Flight safety systems
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ISO 14620-2:2011(E)
Introduction
Space activities, carried out within the framework of outer space treaties adopted by the United Nations, may cause
harm to people and create damage to public and private property and the environment. The variety of professional
disciplines linked to space activities and the legal liabilities incumbent on countries require international regulations
to protect Earth populations against the consequences of a possible mishap caused by these activities. The
international treaties listed in Annex A define the liabilities for damage related to space activities.
This part of ISO 14620 pertains to exposed people (including populations and personnel), launch systems,
manned or unmanned space vehicles, operations carried out on or from a launch site and associated procedures,
natural environment, etc., during prelaunch (integration, test, checking, preparation, etc.) and launch activities.
This part of ISO 14620 is intended to be applied by any country, by any international organization, whether
governmental or non-governmental, and by any operator undertaking space activities within the framework of
outer space treaties adopted by the United Nations.
This part of ISO 14620 is intended to be applied by agencies, enterprises, manufacturers, customers, designers,
operators, facility authorities, launch service providers, etc., participating in the activities carried out on or from a
launch site, unless more restrictive requirements are imposed by the national regulations in effect on the launch site.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14620-2:2011(E)
Space systems — Safety requirements —
Part 2:
Launch site operations
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14620 specifies requirements for the safety liabilities of countries undertaking space activities
or allowing operators to perform space activities on or from their territory under outer-space treaties adopted
by the United Nations. It defines the safety responsibilities for the operators involved in commercial or non-
commercial space launch activities. This part of ISO 14620 establishes the overall safety requirements to be
observed on a launch site for prelaunch (integration, test, checking, preparation, etc.) and launch operations
of a space object. It provides the basic principles to enable any operator to implement its own safety methods,
tools and procedures to ensure the safety of people and personnel, public and private property, and the
environment, in a consistent and uniform manner.
2 Normative reference
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9000:2005, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO 14620-1:2002, Space systems — Safety requirements — Part 1: System safety
ISO 14620-3:2005, Space systems — Safety requirements — Part 3: Flight safety systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9000 and the following apply.
3.1
acceptable risk
safety risk, the severity and the probability of which may be reasonably accepted by humanity, without durable or
irreversible foreseeable consequence on health, Earth, and the environment, at the present time and in the future
EXAMPLE A safety risk may be acceptable for crew members of a manned space vehicle when it is comparable to
that of test pilots, for the personnel participating in hazardous activities when it is comparable to that of industrial workers,
for people, public and private property, and the environment, when it is comparable to that of other hazardous human
activities (e.g. high-speed surface travel).
3.2
authorization
permission granted to an operator by a responsible authority to perform specified space activities
NOTE Space activities include conducting space operations, conducting launch operations, operating one or more
sites, and operating one or more space vehicles on or from one or more launch sites.
3.3
damage
loss of human life, personal injury or other health impairments, occupational illness, total or partial loss of
public or private property, or degradations caused to the aforesaid property or to the environment
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ISO 14620-2:2011(E)
3.4
dangerous area
area associated with a mishap or a potential mishap, inside which the consequences are catastrophic or critical
3.5
failure
termination of the ability of an item to perform the function for which it was designed
3.6
flight plan
plan related to the in-flight launch vehicle, including data directly or indirectly related to launch site safety
3.7
flight safety
arrangements intended to control safety risks from launch through the flight of a space object, and to protect
people, public and private property, and the environment, against any damage that may possibly be caused by
in-flight manœuvres of this space object
3.8
ground safety
arrangements intended to reduce and control safety risks identified in ground prelaunch and launch activities
of a manned or unmanned space vehicle
NOTE Arrangements include protecting people, public and private property, and the environment, and completing
and adjusting the national regulatory laws related to occupational safety and health, workers, environment, space, etc.
3.9
hazard
existing or potential condition of an item that can result in a mishap
NOTE This condition can be associated with the design, fabrication, operation, or environment of the item, and has
the potential for mishaps.
3.10
hazardous
property of an item and its environment which provides the potential for mishaps
3.11
inhibit, noun
verifiable design feature intended to prevent a hazardous situation from occurring, that provides an interruption
between an energy source and a function actuator
EXAMPLE An inhibit can be a function, a product, a hardware, a software, a physical property, or a technological device.
3.12
item
anything which can be individually described and considered
EXAMPLE An item may be an activity, an operation, a process, a procedure, a product, a system, an organization, a
person, or any combination thereof.
3.13
launch
initial action to place, or attempt to place, a launch vehicle and payload, if any, in a suborbital trajectory, in Earth
orbit in outer space, or otherwise in outer space
3.14
launch complex
site assigned to or owned by a launch vehicle operator to operate a launch vehicle
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ISO 14620-2:2011(E)
3.15
launch phase
period which begins when the launch vehicle is no longer in physical contact with the launch complex or the
carrier aircraft and continues up to the end of the mission assigned to it including disposal and passivation actions
NOTE The launch phase ends when any planned and unplanned physical contact with the ground or destruction or
breakdown of the vehicle.takes place.
3.16
launch site
site necessary for the prelaunch and launch operations of a space vehicle and for the in-flight operations during
the launch phase
3.17
launch site country
country that has jurisdiction over a specified launch site
3.18
launch system
system made up of a launch vehicle, the associated launch complex, launch site, payload, ground support
equipment and associated airborne equipment (including software), control systems, navigation system,
trajectories, procedures, necessary personnel, and any other associated items
3.19
launch vehicle
any vehicle constructed for the purpose of operating in outer space, or placing one or more payloads in outer
space, as well as any suborbital rocket
3.20
mishap
accident
unplanned event or series of events resulting in damage or potential for damage
NOTE While sometimes used synonymously, an “accident” generally means a severe type of “mishap”.
3.21
national regulatory laws
set of official statutes of a country
NOTE The official statutes include constitution, law, decree, administrative order, code, regulation, etc.
3.22
operation
technical, industrial, or implementing activity, or any combination of such activities, performed by one or more
entities for the purpose of contributing to a specified objective
3.23
operator
governmental or non-governmental entities, international organization, or natural person carrying out a space
operation independently and under its responsibility
3.24
payload
space vehicle or group of space vehicles on a single-launch vehicle intended to perform a specified function
or series of functions
3.25
residual safety risk
safety risk associated with the hazards and/or hazardous situations remaining in a space system after
eliminating hazards and hazardous situations as much as practical, and reducing the unacceptable safety risks
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ISO 14620-2:2011(E)
3.26
responsible authority
ministry, department, agency, subsection, or office of a government or international governmental
organization, which is responsible for space activities including, but not limited to, launch operations in a
specified location or country
3.27
risk
quantitative or qualitative measure of the severity of a potential damage and the probability of incurring that damage
3.28
safe
property of an item and its environment that limits its potential for damage to an acceptable risk
3.29
safety
arrangements intended to control safety risks stemming from activities contributing to the flight of a manned
or unmanned space object, in order to ensure the protection of people, public and private property, and the
environment, against any damage caused by these activities to the surface of Earth or to in-flight aircraft, or in
atmospheric or outer space
3.30
safety risk
measure of the potential consequences of a hazard considering the probability of the associated mishap, the
harm caused to people and the damage caused to public and private property and the environment
NOTE 1 The safety risk is defined to be differentiated from political, financial, industrial, project, and other risks.
NOTE 2 An example of a safety risk is the expected number of casualties.
3.31
site
land, ground/airborne/marine facilities, equipment, utilities and infrastructure assigned to or owned by an
operator on a launch site
3.32
space object
space vehicle of artificial earthly origin and any of its component parts, except space debris, if any
3.33
space vehicle
manned or unmanned vehicle constructed or assembled for the purpose of manœuvring, moving, operating,
or being placed in outer space
NOTE A space vehicle can be a launcher, a rocket, a payload, a space capsule, a space shuttle, a space plane, a
space station, etc., or any assembled combination thereof.
3.34
specific authorized operator
entity allowed or licensed to conduct a space operation in an independent way according to relevant
applicable space law
3.35
system
set of interdependent elements constituted to achieve a given objective by performing a specified function
3.36
waiver
written and duly signed authorization given on an occasional, exceptional, provisional and limited basis, relative
to the acceptance of a hazardous item that does not comply with the applicable safety regulations or rules
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ISO 14620-2:2011(E)
4 Operator’s safety responsibilities
4.1 General
The following subclauses define the general allocation of the safety responsibilities and requirements for the
prelaunch (integration, test, checking, preparation, etc.) and launch operations related to a launch system. It is
understood, in this part of ISO 14620, that each operator is either duly authorized or entered into an appropriate
contract (specific agreement, commercial contract, etc.) with a responsible authority or an authorized operator.
Several operators (e.g. launch site operator, site operator, launch vehicle operator, payload operator) can
operate simultaneously on the same launch site. They can be concerned either with the same launch system
or with different systems.
4.2 Occupational safety and health
Any operator carrying out operations on a launch site shall respect and apply the national occupational safety
and health regulations of the launch site country.
4.3 Ground and environment safety
4.3.1 Ground safety operator
Ground safety responsibilities and requirements vary among operators. Generally, the different operators
should determine themselves how safety concerns should be met. However, on the same launch site, the
following conditions or criteria may exist:
a) several operators can carry out hazardous operations simultaneously;
b) hazardous operations can cause harm to personnel or damage to private or public property (external to
the launch site facilities) or the environment;
c) hazardous operations carried out by one operator can cause harm to personnel or property damage to
another operator;
d) some hazardous operations are performed by several operators.
Therefore, ground safety responsibilities and requirements shall be allocated between a specific operator selected
from all the authorized operators, the ground safety operator in this part of ISO 14620, and other operators
carrying out prelaunch (integration, test, checking, preparation, etc.) or launch operations on the launch site.
4.3.2 Ground safety operator responsibilities
Some ground safety responsibilities are general enough to be specified in this part of ISO 14620.
The ground safety operator shall be approved by the national responsible authority of the launch site country
to perform the activities related to its ground safety responsibilities.
The ground safety operator shall be responsible for:
a) identifying, supervising and coordinating the allocation of ground safety responsibilities and requirements
among the operators;
b) specifying ground safety rules to be applied by the operators meeting one or more of the previous criteria
(as described in 4.3.1) associated with the hazardous operations;
c) verifying the application of the specified rules;
d) approving the schedule of hazardous operations meeting one or more of the previous criteria (as
described in 4.3.1);
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ISO 14620-2:2011(E)
e) reviewing and approving the procedures of hazardous operations meeting one or more of the previous
criteria b), c) and d) and as described in 4.3.1;
f) supervising and coordinating hazardous operations meeting one or more of the previous criteria (as
described in 4.3.1);
g) verifying that the emergency plans of the operators performing hazardous operations meeting one or
more of the previous criteria (as described in 4.3.1) are consistent and in accordance with the approved
emergency procedures;
h) defining the general safety training (as required in 6.6.2);
i) verifying and ensuring that the safety training of each operator is consistent and homogeneous with all the
other training;
j) implementing resolutions for conflicts arising among the operators from hazardous operations;
k) coordinating with, and notifying, local government authorities, as appropriate, on all matters affecting
public safety and environmental protection;
l) reporting any incident or accident to affected authorities (including local government authorities), and
participating in mishap investigations and finding documentation;
m) communicating the safety lessons learned to the other operators;
n) setting up a ground safety organization capable of performing ground safety responsibilities;
o) developing and maintaining a consistent environmental safety policy that meets the regulatory requirements
of the launch site country.
4.3.3 Operator responsibilities
Each operator (e.g. launch site operator, specific site operator, launch vehicle operator, payload operator) on a
launch site shall be responsible for:
a) protecting personnel, property and the environment from any damage caused by its own hazardous items;
b) applying the ground safety rules issued from the ground safety operator;
c) developing, implementing, maintaining, taking into account, and abiding by its own ground safety rules,
consistent with the other ground safety rules and the applicable national regulations (occupational safety
and health, workers, environment, space, etc.);
d) accepting the allocation of the appropriate ground safety responsibilities from the ground safety operator;
e) defining and implementing the associated ground safety arrangements that ensure the ground safety
risks inherent in its operations are compatible with the stated safety objectives (as required in 5.3) and are
safely controlled;
f) identifying the hazards and hazardous situations and assessing the associated ground safety risks by
performing hazard analysis on its space vehicles, sites and operations, and eliminating the hazards and
hazardous situations or reducing the unacceptable ground safety risks;
g) managing the residual ground safety risks inherent in its space vehicles, sites and operations (including
procedures and personnel) to achieve safe operations;
h) performing the necessary functions to ensure safe operations;
i) developing, verifying, implementing and maintaining an emergency plan for the mishaps that can occur
during its own hazardous operations;
j) participating in mishap investigations as required by the ground or flight safety operator;
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ISO 14620-2:2011(E)
k) defining and providing the specific safety training by site (as required in 6.6.3) related to its operations;
l) verifying that any worker has a valid safety accreditation (as required in 6.6.5) before beginning any
hazardous operation;
m) setting up a ground safety organization capable of performing its ground safety responsibilities.
If the ground safety rules of a launch site and the occupational safety and health regulations of the country
of a foreign operator performing space activities on this launch site are in conflict, then the former takes
precedence over the latter for this operator and its workers participating in activities carried out on or from
the launch site. However, exceptions can be made for specific cases duly accepted by the suitable national
responsible authority of the launch site country.
Ground safety rules of an operator performing space activities on or from a launch site may exceed the launch
site country’s own occupational safety and health regulations.
Any operator carrying out operations on a launch site shall respect and apply the territorial and national
relevant regulations.
4.4 Flight safety
4.4.1 Flight safety operator
The allocation of the flight safety responsibilities and requirements among various operators may vary.
However, on the same launch site, the flight safety responsibilities and requirements shall be allocated only
between a specific authorized operator, the flight safety operator in this part of ISO 14620, and each space
vehicle operator carrying out prelaunch (integration, test, checking, preparation, etc.) or launch operations on
the launch site.
4.4.2 Flight safety operator responsibilities
Some flight safety responsibilities are general enough to be specified in this part of ISO 14620.
The flight safety operator shall be approved by the national responsible authority of the launch site country to
perform in-flight safety activities related to its responsibilities during the launch phase of a space vehicle.
The flight safety operator shall be responsible for:
a) protecting personnel, property and the environment from damage that may arise from a space vehicle
(whether manned or unmanned) during its launch phase;
b) controlling the flight safety risks during the launch phase of a space vehicle (e.g. by using the flight safety
systems required in ISO 14620-3);
c) developing and maintaining the flight safety rules to be applied to each space vehicle, consistent with the
national regulatory laws (health, environment, space, etc.) and the concerned ground safety rules;
d) allocating, in accordance with the concerned space vehicle operators, the flight safety responsibilities and
requirements;
e) developing, implementing, maintaining, taking into account and abiding by its own flight safety rules to be
applied during the launch phase;
f) defining and implementing the associated flight safety systems (see ISO 14620-3) that ensure the flight
safety risks are compatible with the stated safety objectives (as required in 5.3) and are safely controlled;
g) identifying the hazards and hazardous situations and assessing the associated flight safety risks by
performing hazard analysis on these flight safety systems and intended operations and eliminating the
hazards and hazardous situations or reducing the unacceptable flight safety risks;
h) managing the residual flight safety risks inherent in the launch phase;
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ISO 14620-2:2011(E)
i) verifying and ensuring that the space vehicle operators apply the specified flight safety rules and abide by
their own flight safety rules;
j) approving the on-board flight safety equipment specified by the space vehicle operators;
k) approving the flight plan of a launch vehicle, including nominal and dispersed trajectories;
l) contributing to developing, verifying and implementing the emergency plans related to the launch phase;
m) reporting any
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