ISO 24118-1:2023

Paper and board - Stylus contact method - Part 1: Determination of surface roughness

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the surface roughness of paper and board using a stylus contact method. It is applicable to all papers and boards except tissue paper.

Papiers et cartons — Méthode par contact avec stylet — Partie 1: Détermination de la rugosité de surface

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 19-Oct-2023
• ICS: 85.060 - Paper and board
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 6/SC 2 - Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 6/SC 2/WG 25 - Surface roughness
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 20-Oct-2023
• Due Date: 15-Dec-2023
• Completion Date: 20-Oct-2023

Overview

ISO 24118-1:2023 specifies a standardized stylus contact method for the determination of surface roughness of paper and board (tissue paper excluded). The standard defines the measurement principle, apparatus requirements, sampling and conditioning procedures, test execution, calculation of roughness parameters and reporting rules. It is intended for reproducible, comparable roughness measurements across laboratories and production sites.

Key topics and requirements

• Scope: Applies to all papers and boards except tissue paper; measurement uses a stylus contact method.
• Measurement principle: A stylus under defined contact force scans the sample horizontally at constant speed; surface height is recorded and processed to obtain roughness values.
• Primary parameters:
  • Ra (average surface roughness): arithmetic average of absolute deviations from the mean line.
  • R: pointwise surface roughness values used to compute Ra.
  • M: mean absolute deviation from Ra. Calculation formulas and data-range rules are provided.
• Apparatus specifications:
  • Stylus geometry: conical tip with radius 0.5 mm ± 0.025 mm; stainless steel per ASTM A681-08 recommended.
  • Contact force: 50.0 mN ± 0.25 mN.
  • Traversing speed: 1.0 mm/s ± 0.05 mm/s.
  • Measurement travel: instrument must scan at least 30 mm; roughness is evaluated over a run of 5 mm to 25 mm while surfaces move uniformly.
  • Instrument accuracy requirement: overall measurement accuracy of ±1% (see standard for full-scale details).
• Sampling & conditioning:
  • Lot sampling per ISO 186; conditioning per ISO 187 and testing in the same atmospheric conditions.
  • Prepare at least 10 test pieces for machine direction (MD) and 10 for cross direction (CD); specified minimum piece dimensions apply.
• Procedure & reporting:
  • Repeat measurements (minimum 10 runs per direction), report individual R and M, grand averages, standard deviation and coefficient of variation, and any deviations from the standard.
• Precision data: Annex B contains interlaboratory repeatability and reproducibility statistics for common paper grades.

Applications and users

ISO 24118-1:2023 is useful for:

• Quality control in paper and board production (surface roughness monitoring).
• Printing and converting operations where surface texture affects ink transfer, print quality and coating performance.
• Packaging development and specification (surface finish affecting lamination, adhesion).
• Test laboratories and R&D groups validating material performance.
• Instrument manufacturers and calibration labs referencing stylus and measurement specifications.

Keywords: ISO 24118-1:2023, surface roughness, stylus contact method, paper and board, Ra, roughness measurement, test method.

Related standards

• ISO 186 - Sampling to determine average quality (referenced for lot sampling).
• ISO 187 - Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing.
• ISO 5725-2 - Repeatability and reproducibility methodology (precision assessment).
• ASTM A681-08 - Tool steel specification (recommended stylus material).

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24118-1
First edition
2023-10
Paper and board — Stylus contact
method —
Part 1:
Determination of surface roughness
Papiers et cartons — Méthode par contact avec stylet —
Partie 1: Détermination de la rugosité de surface
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus . 2
5.1 Surface roughness - Testing apparatus . 2
5.2 Stylus . 2
5.3 Drive unit . 2
5.4 Specimen holder . 2
6 Sampling . 2
7 Conditioning of samples . 3
8 Preparation of the test pieces . 3
9 Procedure .3
10 Calculation . 3
11 Test report . 4
Annex A (informative) Measurement principle of surface roughness . 5
Annex B (informative) Precision . 8
Bibliography .10
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee
SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.
A list of all parts in the ISO 24118 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 24118-1:2023(E)
Paper and board — Stylus contact method —
Part 1:
Determination of surface roughness
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the surface roughness of paper and
board using a stylus contact method. It is applicable to all papers and boards except tissue paper.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for
monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
...