ISO 4211-5:2021
(Main)Furniture — Tests for surface finishes — Part 5: Assessment of resistance to abrasion
Furniture — Tests for surface finishes — Part 5: Assessment of resistance to abrasion
This document specifies a method for the assessment of the abrasion resistance of surfaces with foils, laminates, melamine faced boards, pigmented and transparent lacquers. The test is intended to be carried out on an unused part of the finished furniture, but can be carried out on test panels of the same material, finished in an identical manner to the finished product, and of a size sufficient to meet the requirements of the test.
Ameublement — Essais des finitions de surface — Partie 5: Évaluation de la résistance à l'abrasion
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4211-5
First edition
2021-10
Furniture — Tests for surface
finishes —
Part 5:
Assessment of resistance to abrasion
Ameublement — Essais des finitions de surface —
Partie 5: Évaluation de la résistance à l'abrasion
Reference number
ISO 4211-5:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 4211-5:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 4211-5:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus and materials .2
6 Preparation and conditioning . 3
6.1 Conditioning. 3
6.2 Test surface . 3
6.3 Preparation of test surfaces and abrasive paper . 3
7 Test procedure .4
7.1 Preparation of abrasive wheels . 4
7.2 Calibration of abrasive paper . 4
7.3 Abrasion of test area . 4
7.4 Determination of initial wear point (IP) . . 5
7.4.1 General . 5
7.4.2 Foil, uncoated and coated laminate and melamine faced boards . 5
7.4.3 Pigmented lacquers . 5
7.4.4 Transparent lacquers on wood or lignocellulosic-substrates . 5
8 Assessment of results . 6
9 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Calibration and maintenance of Taber abrasion equipment .7
Annex B (informative) Examples of abrasion traces .10
Bibliography .12
iii
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 4211-5:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 136, Furniture.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4211 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 4211-5:2021(E)
Introduction
This document can be used in conjunction with other relevant documents containing methods for the
assessment of the abrasion resistance of surfaces.
v
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4211-5:2021(E)
Furniture — Tests for surface finishes —
Part 5:
Assessment of resistance to abrasion
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the assessment of the abrasion resistance of surfaces with foils,
laminates, melamine faced boards, pigmented and transparent lacquers.
The test is intended to be carried out on an unused part of the finished furniture, but can be carried out
on test panels of the same material, finished in an identical manner to the finished product, and of a size
sufficient to meet the requirements of the test.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 9352, Plastics — Determination of resistance to wear by abrasive wheels
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
test surface
part of the test panel
3.2
test panel
panel including the test surface
Note 1 to entry: It may be cut from a finished item of furniture or it may be a separate panel produced in the same
manner as the finished item of furniture.
3.3
test area
part of the test surface under the wheels covered by the abrasion paper strips
3.4
colour rendering index
R
a
unitless number that specifies how well the colour of an object appears under illumination by a light
source compared to a reference light source
1
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 4211-5:2021(E)
4 Principle
The test simulates the ability of the furniture surface under test, to resist abrasive wear-through.
Abrasion is achieved by rotating a specimen in contact with a pair of loaded cylindrical wheels covered
with abrasive paper. The wheels are positioned so that their cylindrical faces are equidistant from the
specimen's axis of rotation but not tangential to it. As they are turned by the rotating specimen, they
abrade an annular track on the specimen's surface. The number of revolutions of the specimen required
to cause one defined degree of abrasion, is used as measurement of resistance to surface wear.
5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Cleaning cloth. White soft absorbent cloth.
1)
5.2 Calibration plates, which shall be Taber S-34 or equivalent, having a thickness of (0,8 ± 0,1) mm
and a Brinell hardness of (48 ± 2) when tested in accordance with ISO 6506-1, except that the ball
diameter shall be 5 mm and the load 360 N.
2)
5.3 Abrasion paper strips, which shall be Taber S-42 or equivalent, of width (12,7 ± 0,1) mm and
length about 160 mm, according to the following specifications:
2 2
a) paper of grammage from 70 g/m to 100 g/m ;
b) open coated 180 grit powdered aluminium oxide (Al O ) having a particle size such that it will pass
2 3
through a sieve of aperture 100 µm and remain on a sieve having an aperture of 63 µm;
c) adhesive backing.
3)
5.4 Test apparatus, which shall be as specified in ISO 9352 with following deviations :
a) the hardness of wheels' rubber layer shall be between 60 Shore A and 70 Shore A, when measured
in the middle of the contact surface; make 4 measurements and calculate the average value;
The laboratories should measure the hardness at least once every 12 months. Checking of rubber wheels
geometry shall be performed. If any deformation is observed the rubber wheel should be rejected.
b) weight of loading: every wheel shall apply a force (5,4 ± 0,2) N on the sample;
c) vacuum system: the suction nozzle should be as close to the surface as possible without rubbing it.
The vacuum system shall remove practically all the dust;
d) the distance between the middle axis of the sample holder and the wheels should be calibrated
according to Annex A;
e) the table rotary speed shall be (60 ± 2) r/min.
5.5 Balance, with an accuracy of 1 mg.
5.6 Conditioning chamber, with a standard atmosphere of (23 ± 2) °C, relative humidity (50 ± 5) %.
1) Taber S-34 is the trade name of a product supplied by Taber Acquisition Corp. This information is given for
the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product named.
Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
2) Taber S-42 is the trade name of a product supplied by Taber Acquisition Corp. This information is given for
the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product named.
Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
3) A suitable machine is available from Taber Acquisition Corp., Taber industries. This information is given for
the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this machine.
2
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 4211-5:2021(E)
5.7 Diffuse light source, providing evenly diffused light giving an illumination on the test surface of
(1 200 ± 400) lx. This may either be diffused daylight or be diffused artificial daylight.
The daylight should be unaffected by surrounding trees, buildings, etc. When artificial light is used,
it is recommended that it should have a correlated colour temperature of (6 500 + 50) K and a colour
rendering index (R ) greater than 92, by using a colour matching booth in accordance with ISO 3668.
a
6 Preparation and conditioning
6.1 Conditioning
Conditioning of test surface shall begin at least one week before testing and shall be carried out in air at
a temperature of (23 ± 2) °C and relative humidity of (50 ± 5) %.
NOTE The final curing of some coatings, such as waterborne coatings, can require a longer conditioning
time.
The conditioning time shall be stated in the test report.
Condition the abrasion paper strips at least for one week in the conditioning atmosphere of (23 ± 2) °C
and (50 ± 5) % RH, before testing, see 5.6.
6.2 Test surface
Three test surfaces shall be prepared.
The test surface shall be taken at least 5 mm from
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 4211-5
ISO/TC 136
Furniture — Tests for surface
Secretariat: UNI
finishes —
Voting begins on:
2021-07-23
Part 5:
Voting terminates on:
Assessment of resistance to abrasion
2021-09-17
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 4211-5:2021(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2021
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 4211-5:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 4211-5:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus and materials. 2
6 Preparation and conditioning . 3
6.1 Conditioning . 3
6.2 Test surface . 3
6.3 Preparation of test surfaces and abrasive paper . 3
7 Test procedure . 4
7.1 Preparation of abrasive wheels . 4
7.2 Calibration of abrasive paper . 4
7.3 Abrasion of test area . 4
7.4 Determination of initial wear point (IP) . 5
7.4.1 General. 5
7.4.2 Foil, uncoated and coated laminate and melamine faced boards . 5
7.4.3 Pigmented lacquers . 5
7.4.4 Transparent lacquers on wood or lignocellulosic-substrates . 5
8 Assessment of results . 6
9 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Calibration and maintenance of Taber abrasion equipment.7
Annex B (informative) Examples of abrasion traces .10
Bibliography .12
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 4211-5:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 136, Furniture.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4211 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 4211-5:2021(E)
Introduction
This document can be used in conjunction with other relevant documents containing methods for the
assessment of the abrasion resistance of surfaces.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 4211-5:2021(E)
Furniture — Tests for surface finishes —
Part 5:
Assessment of resistance to abrasion
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the assessment of the abrasion resistance of surfaces with foils,
laminates, melamine faced boards, pigmented and transparent lacquers.
The test is intended to be carried out on an unused part of the finished furniture, but can be carried out
on test panels of the same material, finished in an identical manner to the finished product, and of a size
sufficient to meet the requirements of the test.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 9352, Plastics — Determination of resistance to wear by abrasive wheels
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
test surface
part of the test panel
3.2
test panel
panel including the test surface
Note 1 to entry: It may be cut from a finished item of furniture or it may be a separate panel produced in the same
manner as the finished item of furniture.
3.3
test area
part of the test surface under the wheels covered by the abrasion paper strips
3.4
colour rendering index
R
a
unitless number that specifies how well the colour of an object appears under illumination by a light
source compared to a reference light source
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 4211-5:2021(E)
4 Principle
The test simulates the ability of the furniture surface under test, to resist abrasive wear-through.
Abrasion is achieved by rotating a specimen in contact with a pair of loaded cylindrical wheels covered
with abrasive paper. The wheels are positioned so that their cylindrical faces are equidistant from the
specimen's axis of rotation but not tangential to it. As they are turned by the rotating specimen, they
abrade an annular track on the specimen's surface. The number of revolutions of the specimen required
to cause one defined degree of abrasion, is used as measurement of resistance to surface wear.
5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Cleaning cloth. White soft absorbent cloth.
1)
5.2 Calibration plates, which shall be Taber S-34 or equivalent, having a thickness of (0,8 ± 0,1) mm
and a Brinell hardness of (48 ± 2) when tested in accordance with ISO 6506-1, except that the ball
diameter shall be 5 mm and the load 360 N.
2)
5.3 Abrasion paper strips, which shall be Taber S-42 or equivalent, of width (12,7 ± 0,1) mm and
length about 160 mm, according to the following specifications:
2 2
a) paper of grammage from 70 g/m to 100 g/m ;
b) open coated 180 grit powdered aluminium oxide (Al O ) having a particle size such that it will pass
2 3
through a sieve of aperture 100 µm and remain on a sieve having an aperture of 63 µm;
c) adhesive backing.
3)
5.4 Test apparatus, which shall be as specified in ISO 9352 with following deviations :
a) the hardness of wheels' rubber layer shall be between 60 Shore A and 70 Shore A, when measured
in the middle of the contact surface; make 4 measurements and calculate the average value;
The laboratories should measure the hardness at least once every 12 months. Checking of rubber wheels
geometry shall be performed. If any deformation is observed the rubber wheel should be rejected.
b) weight of loading: every wheel shall apply a force (5,4 ± 0,2) N on the sample;
c) vacuum system: the suction nozzle should be as close to the surface as possible without rubbing it.
The vacuum system shall remove practically all the dust;
d) the distance between the middle axis of the sample holder and the wheels should be calibrated
according to Annex A;
e) the table rotary speed shall be (60 ± 2) r/min.
5.5 Balance, with an accuracy of 1 mg.
5.6 Conditioning chamber, with a standard atmosphere of (23 ± 2) °C, relative humidity (50 ± 5) %.
1) Taber S-34 is the trade name of a product supplied by Taber Acquisition Corp. This information is given for
the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product named.
Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
2) Taber S-42 is the trade name of a product supplied by Taber Acquisition Corp. This information is given for
the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product named.
Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
3) A suitable machine is available from Taber Acquisition Corp., Taber industries. This information is given for
the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this machine.
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 4211-5:2021(E)
5.7 Diffuse light source, providing evenly diffused light giving an illumination on the test surface of
(1 200 ± 400) lx. This may either be diffused daylight or be diffused artificial daylight.
The daylight should be unaffected by surrounding trees, buildings, etc. When artificial light is used,
it is recommended that it should have a correlated colour temperature of (6 500 + 50) K and a colour
rendering index (R ) greater than 92, by using a colour matching booth in accordance with ISO 3668.
a
6 Preparation and conditioning
6.1 Conditioning
Conditioning of test surface shall begin at least one week before testing and shall be carried out in air at
a temperature of (23 ± 2) °C and relative humidity of (50 ± 5) %.
NOTE The final curing of some coatings, such as waterborne coatings, can require a longer conditioning
time.
The conditioning time shall be stated in the test report.
Condition t
...
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