ISO 5456-4:1996
(Main)Technical drawings — Projection methods — Part 4: Central projection
Technical drawings — Projection methods — Part 4: Central projection
Dessins techniques — Méthodes de projection — Partie 4: Projection centrale
La présente partie de l'ISO 5456 prescrit des règles de base pour le développement et l'application de la projection centrale dans les dessins techniques.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5456-4
First edition
1996-06-15
Corrected and reprinted
1998-08-01
Technical drawings — Projection
methods —
Part 4:
Central projection
Dessins techniques — Méthodes de projection —
Partie 4: Projection centrale
A
Reference number
ISO 5456-4:1996(E)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 5456-4:1996(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be rep-
resented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 5456-4 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 10, Technical drawings, product definition and related documen-
tation, Subcommittee SC 1, Basic conventions.
ISO 5456 consists of the following parts, under the general title Technical
drawings — Projection methods:
— Part 1: Synopsis
— Part 2: Orthographic representations
— Part 3: Axonometric representations
— Part 4: Central projection
Annexes A and B of this part of ISO 5456 are for information only.
© ISO 1996
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii
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©
ISO ISO 5456-4:1996(E)
Introduction
Central projection (perspective) is a realistic pictorial representation ob-
tained by projecting the object to be represented from a point at finite
distance (projection centre) on a single projection plane (normally the
drawing surface). Central projection provides excellent visual appearance
of the object (monocular vision) and is often used in architectural draw-
ings.
iii
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©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO ISO 5456-4:1996(E)
Technical drawings — Projection methods —
Part 4:
Central projection
3.1 alignment line: Line parallel to a given line
1 Scope
passing through the projection centre. Its intersection
with the projection plane gives the vanishing point of
This part of ISO 5456 specifies basic rules for the
all lines parallel to the given line.
development and application of central projection in
technical drawings.
3.2 height of projection: Vertical distance of the
2 Normative reference
projection centre from the basic plane.
The following standard contains provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
3.3 horizontal distance: Distance between the
this part of ISO 5456. At the time of publication, the
projection centre and the projection plane.
edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject
to revision, and parties to agreements based on this
part of ISO 5456 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent edition of the
3.4 projection angle: Angle formed by the projec-
standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO
tion plane and the horizon plane.
maintain registers of currently valid International
Standards.
3.5 scale point: Vanishing point of the horizontal
ISO 10209-2:1993, Technical product documentation
— Vocabulary — Part 2: Terms relating to projection direction orthogonal to that bisecting the angle formed
by the horizon line and the alignment line of the given
methods.
horizontal line, and allowing the true length of the
projection of the given line to be determined.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 5456, the defi-
nitions given in ISO 10209-2 and the following defi- 3.6 station of observation: Orthogonal projection
of the projection centre onto the basic plane.
nitions apply.
1
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©
ISO 5456-4:1996(E) ISO
tation (horizontal lines remain horizontal and vertical
4 Symbols
lines remain vertical). All lines perpendicular to the
projection plane converge at the vanishing point, V,
Letter symbols for terms used in central projection
coinciding with the main point, C, (see figure 3 and
are given in table 1 and illustrated in figures 1 and 2,
7.2.1 and 7.3).
as well as in the figures mentioned in table 1.
5.2 Two-poi
...
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
First edition
1996-06-15
Technical drawings - Projection methods -
Part 4:
Central projection
Dessins techniques - Mkthodes de projection -
Partie 4: Projection ten trale
Reference number
IS0 5456-4:1996(E)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
IS0 5456-4: 1996(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be rep-
resented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard IS0 5456-4 was prepared by Technical Committee
lSO,K 10, Technical drawings, product definition and related documen-
tation, Subcommittee SC 1, Basic conventions.
IS0 5456 consists of the following parts, under the general title Technical
drawings - Projection methods:
- Part I: Synopsis
Part 2: Orthographic representations
- Part 3: Axonometric representations
Part 4: Central projection
Annexes A and B of this part of IS0 5456 are for information only.
0 IS0 1996
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 l CH-121 1 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
II
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
@ IS0 IS0 5456-4: 1996(E)
Central projection (perspective) is a realistic pictorial representation ob-
tained by projecting the object to be represented from a point at finite
distance (projection centre) on a single projection plane (normally the
drawing surface). Central projection provides excellent visual appearance
of the object (monocular vision) and is often used in architectural drawings.
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This page intentionally left blank
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IS0 5456-4: 1996(E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD @ IS0
Projection methods -
Technical drawings -
art 4:
Central projection
3.1 alignment line: Line parallel to a given line
1 Scope
passing through the projection centre. Its intersection
with the projection plane gives the vanishing point of
This part of IS0 5456 specifies basic rules for the
all lines parallel to the given line.
development and application of central projection in
technical drawings.
3.2 height of projection: Vertical distance of the
2 Normative referermce
projection centre from the basic plane.
The following standard contains provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
3.3 horizontal distance: Distance between the
this part of IS0 5456. At the time of publication, the
projection centre and the projection plane.
edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject
to revision, and parties to agreements based on this
part of IS0 5456 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent edition of the
3.4 projection angle: Angle formed by the projec-
standard indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0
tion plane and the horizon plane.
maintain registers of currently valid International
Standards.
IS0 10209-2: 1993, Technical product documentation 3.5 scale point: Vanishing point of the horizontal
- Vocabulary - Part 2: Terms relating to projection
direction orthogonal to that bisecting the angle formed
methods. by the horizon line and the alignment line of the given
horizontal line, and allowing the true length of the
projection of the given line to be determined.
3 Qefinitions
For the purposes of this part of IS0 5456, the defi-
nitions given in IS0 10209-2 and the following defi-
3.6 station of observation: Orthogonal projection
nitions apply. of the projection centre onto the basic plane.
1
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@ IS0
IS0 5456-4: 1996(E)
plane retain their direction in this representation
4 Symbols
(horizontal lines remain horizontal and vertical lines
remain vertical). All lines perpendicular to the projec-
Letter symbols for terms used in central projection
tion plane converge at the vanishing point, V, coincid-
are given in table 1 and illustrated in figures 1 an
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 5456-4
Première édition
1996-06-15
Corrigée et réimprimée
1998-08-01
Dessins techniques — Méthodes de
projection —
Partie 4:
Projection centrale
Technical drawings — Projection methods —
Part 4: Central projection
A
Numéro de référence
ISO 5456-4:1996(F)
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ISO 5456-4:1996(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération
mondiale d'organismes nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de
l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée aux
comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une
étude a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les
organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernemen-
tales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO colla-
bore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI)
en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques
sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur publication comme
Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des
comités membres votants.
La Norme internationale ISO 5456-4 a été élaborée par le comité technique
ISO/TC 10, Dessins techniques, définition de produits et documentation y
relative, sous-comité SC 1, Conventions générales.
L'ISO 5456 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre
général Dessins techniques — Méthodes de projection:
— Partie 1: Récapitulatif
— Partie 2: Représentations orthographiques
— Partie 3: Représentations axonométriques
— Partie 4: Projection centrale
Les annexes A et B de la présente partie de l’ISO 5456 sont données
uniquement à titre d’information.
© ISO 1996
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publi-
cation ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun pro-
cédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord
écrit de l'éditeur.
Organisation internationale de normalisation
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Suisse
Internet iso@iso.ch
Imprimé en Suisse
ii
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©
ISO ISO 5456-4:1996(F)
Introduction
La projection centrale (perspective) est une représentation imagée réaliste
obtenue par projection de l’objet à représenter, à partir d’un point placé à
une distance définie (centre de projection), sur un plan de projection uni-
que (normalement la surface de dessin). Ce type de projection permet
d’obtenir la meilleure visualisation de l’objet (vision monoculaire) et il est
fréquemment utilisé dans les dessins d’architecture.
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©
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO ISO 5456-4:1996(F)
Dessins techniques — Méthodes de projection —
Partie 4:
Projection centrale
3.1 ligne d’alignement: Ligne parallèle à une ligne
1 Domaine d'application
donnée passant par le centre de projection. Son
La présente partie de l’ISO 5456 prescrit des règles
intersection avec le plan de projection donne le point
de base pour le développement et l’application de la de fuite de toutes les lignes parallèles à la ligne don-
projection centrale dans les dessins techniques.
née.
2 Référence normative
3.2 hauteur de projection: Distance verticale du
centre de projection au plan de base.
La norme suivante contient des dispositions qui, par
suite de la référence qui en est faite, constituent des
dispositions valables pour la présente partie de
l'ISO 5456. Au moment de la publication, l'édition indi-
3.3 distance horizontale: Distance entre le centre
quée était en vigueur. Toute norme est sujette à révi-
de projection et le plan de projection.
sion et les parties prenantes des accords fondés sur
la présente partie de l'ISO 5456 sont invitées à re-
chercher la possibilité d'appliquer l'édition la plus
3.4 angle de projection: Angle formé par le plan de
récente de la norme indiquée ci-après. Les membres
projection et le plan d’horizon.
de la CEI et de l'ISO possèdent le registre des Nor-
mes internationales en vigueur à un moment donné.
ISO 10209-2:1993, Documentation technique de pro-
3.5 point d’échelle: Point de fuite de la direction
duit — Vocabulaire — Partie 2: Termes relatifs aux
horizontale orthogonale à celle qui partage l’angle
méthodes de projection.
formé par la ligne d’horizon et la ligne d’alignement de
la ligne horizontale donnée, et permettant de trouver
la vraie longueur de la projection de la ligne donnée.
3 Définitions
Pour les besoins de la présente partie de l’ISO 5456,
3.6 station d’observation: Projection orthogonale
les définitions données dans l’ISO 10209-2 et les
définitions suivantes s'appliquent. du centre de projection sur le plan de base.
1
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©
ISO 5456-4:1996(F) ISO
lèle au plan de projection (positi
...
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