ISO/FDIS 180
(Main)Plastics — Determination of Izod impact strength
Plastics — Determination of Izod impact strength
1.1 This document specifies a method for determining the Izod impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of notch. 1.2 The method is used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions. 1.3 The method is suitable for use with the following range of materials: — rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials, including filled and reinforced compounds in addition to unfilled types; rigid thermoplastics sheets; — rigid thermosetting moulding materials, including filled and reinforced compounds; rigid thermosetting sheets, including laminates; — fibre-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or non-unidirectional reinforcements such as mat, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings and milled fibres and sheet made from pre-impregnated materials (prepregs); — thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers. 1.4 The method is not normally suitable for use with rigid cellular materials and sandwich structures containing cellular material. Notched specimens are also not normally used for long-fibre-reinforced composites or thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers. 1.5 The method is suited to the use of specimens which can be either moulded to the chosen dimensions, machined from the central portion of a standard multipurpose test specimen (see ISO 20753) or machined from finished or semi-finished products such as mouldings, laminates and extruded or cast sheet. 1.6 The method specifies preferred dimensions for the test specimen. Tests which are carried out on specimens of different dimensions or with different notches, or specimens which are prepared under different conditions, may produce results which are not comparable. Other factors, such as the energy capacity of the apparatus, its impact velocity and the conditioning of the specimens can also influence the results. Consequently, when comparative data are required, these factors are to be carefully controlled and recorded. 1.7 The method is not intended to be used as a source of data for design calculations. Information on the typical behaviour of a material can be obtained, however, by testing at different temperatures, by varying the notch radius and/or the thickness and by testing specimens prepared under different conditions.
Plastiques — Détermination de la résistance au choc Izod
1.1 Le présent document spécifié une méthode pour la détermination de la résistance au choc Izod des plastiques dans des conditions définies. De nombreux types de différentes éprouvettes et configurations d'essai sont définis. Divers paramètres d'essai sont spécifiés selon le type de matière, le type d'éprouvette et le type d'entaille. 1.2 La présente méthode est utilisée pour l'étude du comportement d'éprouvettes définies soumises à des conditions de choc déterminées et pour l'estimation de la fragilité ou de la ténacité des éprouvettes dans les limites inhérentes aux conditions d'essai. 1.3 La présente méthode est applicable à la gamme des matériaux suivants: — matières thermoplastiques rigides pour moulage et extrusion, y compris les compositions chargées et renforcées en plus des types non chargés; feuilles thermoplastiques rigides; — matières thermodurcissables rigides pour moulage, y compris les compositions chargées et renforcées; feuilles thermodurcissables rigides, y compris les stratifiés; — composites thermoplastiques et thermodurcissables renforcés de fibres comportant des renforts unidirectionnels ou multidirectionnels tels que mat, tissus, tissus stratifils, fils de base coupés, combinaison de renforcements et hybrides, stratifils et fibres broyées, feuilles réalisées à partir de matières préimprégnées (prepregs); — polymères de cristaux liquides thermotropes. 1.4 La présente méthode ne convient normalement pas à l'utilisation de matériaux alvéolaires rigides et de structures sandwichs contenant des matériaux alvéolaires. De même, les éprouvettes entaillées ne sont normalement pas utilisées pour les composites renforcés de longues fibres ou pour des polymères de cristaux liquides thermotropes. 1.5 La présente méthode est adaptée à l'utilisation d'éprouvettes qui sont moulées aux dimensions choisies, usinées à partir de la partie centrale de l'éprouvette normalisée à usages multiples (voir l'ISO 20753) ou encore usinées à partir de produits finis et semi-finis, tels que pièces moulées, stratifiées et feuilles extrudées ou coulées. 1.6 La présente méthode spécifie les dimensions préférentielles de l'éprouvette. Des essais réalisés avec des éprouvettes de dimensions et d'entailles différentes ou avec des éprouvettes préparées dans des conditions différentes, peuvent donner des résultats qui ne sont pas comparables. D'autres facteurs, tels que la capacité énergétique de l'appareillage, sa vitesse de percussion et le conditionnement des éprouvettes peuvent également avoir une répercussion sur les résultats. En conséquence, lorsque des résultats comparatifs sont nécessaires, ces facteurs devront être soigneusement contrôlés et enregistrés. 1.7 La présente méthode n'est pas destinée à être utilisée comme source de données pour les calculs relatifs à la conception. Cependant, des informations sur le comportement type de la matière peuvent être obtenues en effectuant l'essai à différentes températures, en faisant varier le rayon de l'entaille et/ou l'épaisseur, et en utilisant des éprouvettes préparées dans des conditions différentes.
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20222023-02-1006
ISO/DISFDIS 180:20222023(E)
ISO TC 61/SC 2/WG 3
Secretariat: SAC
Plastics — Determination of Izod impact strength
Plastiques — Détermination de la résistance au choc Izod
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ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
© ISO 20222023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation,
no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet,
without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
Contents
Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................................... iv
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................ 1
2 Normative references ................................................................................................................................ 1
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................ 2
4 Principle ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
5 Apparatus ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1 Test machine ................................................................................................................................................. 3
5.2 Micrometers and gauges ........................................................................................................................... 3
6 Test specimens ............................................................................................................................................. 3
6.1 Preparation ................................................................................................................................................... 3
6.1.1 Moulding and extrusion compounds ..................................................................................................... 3
6.1.2 Sheets .............................................................................................................................................................. 5
6.1.3 Long-fibre-reinforced materials ............................................................................................................. 6
6.1.4 Checking ......................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.1.5 Notching.......................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.2 Anisotropy ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.3 Shape and dimensions ............................................................................................................................... 6
6.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
6.3.2 Moulding and extrusion compounds ..................................................................................................... 7
6.3.3 Sheet materials, including long-fibre-reinforced materials .......................................................... 7
6.4 Number of test specimens ........................................................................................................................ 7
6.5 Conditioning .................................................................................................................................................. 7
7 Procedure ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
8 Calculation and expression of results ................................................................................................... 8
8.1 Unnotched specimens ................................................................................................................................ 8
8.2 Notched specimens ..................................................................................................................................... 8
8.3 Statistical parameters ................................................................................................................................ 8
8.4 Significant figures ........................................................................................................................................ 9
9 Precision ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
10 Test report ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
Annex A (informative) Precision statement ................................................................................................... 11
A.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................... 11
A.2 Concept of r and R ...................................................................................................................................... 11
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................. 14
Foreword ....................................................................................................................................................................... v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved iii---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. vii
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................ 1
2 Normative references ................................................................................................................................. 1
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................ 1
4 Principle ......................................................................................................................................................... 2
5 Apparatus ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1 Test machine ................................................................................................................................................. 3
5.2 Micrometers and gauges ........................................................................................................................... 3
6 Test specimens ............................................................................................................................................. 3
6.1 Preparation ................................................................................................................................................... 3
6.1.1 Moulding and extrusion compounds ..................................................................................................... 3
6.1.2 Sheets............................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.1.3 Long-fibre-reinforced materials ............................................................................................................. 9
6.1.4 Checking ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.1.5 Notching ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
6.2 Anisotropy ................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.3 Shape and dimensions ............................................................................................................................. 10
6.3.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.3.2 Moulding and extrusion compounds ................................................................................................... 10
6.3.3 Sheet materials, including long-fibre-reinforced materials ........................................................ 11
6.4 Number of test specimens ....................................................................................................................... 11
6.5 Conditioning ................................................................................................................................................ 11
7 Procedure ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
8 Calculation and expression of results ................................................................................................. 12
8.1 Unnotched specimens .............................................................................................................................. 12
8.2 Notched specimens ................................................................................................................................... 13
8.3 Statistical parameters .............................................................................................................................. 13
8.4 Significant figures ...................................................................................................................................... 13
9 Precision ....................................................................................................................................................... 13
10 Test report ................................................................................................................................................... 13
Annex A (informative) Precision statement .................................................................................................. 16
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................. 19
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directiveswww.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patentswww.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 2,
Mechanical behavior, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 249, Plastics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 180:2019), which has been technically
revised.The main changes are as follows:
— results of a round robinan interlaboratory test for unnotched specimens (see Annex A) have been
added;— reference to standard ISO 16012 (see the Bibliography and subclause 5.2) has been added;
— symbols used in Formulae (1) and (2) have been reviewed and updated;— method designation in Clause 10 b) have been reviewed and updated.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found atwww.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved v
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ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
vi © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
Introduction
The Izod impact strength determination method is suitable for use with the following range of
materials:— rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials, including filled and reinforced compounds in
addition to unfilled types; rigid thermoplastics sheets;— rigid thermosetting moulding materials, including filled and reinforced compounds; rigid
thermosetting sheets, including laminates;— fibre-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or non-
unidirectional reinforcements such as mat, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands,
combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings and milled fibres and sheet made from pre-
impregnated materials (prepregs);— thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers.
The method is not normally suitable for use with rigid cellular materials and sandwich structures
containing cellular material. Notched specimens are also not normally used for long-fibre-reinforced
composites or thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers.The method is suited to the use of specimens which can be either moulded to the chosen dimensions,
machined from the central portion of a standard multipurpose test specimen (see ISO 20753) or
machined from finished or semi-finished products such as mouldings, laminates and extruded or cast
sheet.© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved vii
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
Plastics — Determination of Izod impact strength
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for determining the Izod impact strength of plastics under defined
conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test
parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of
notch.The method is used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact
conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations
inherent in the test conditions.32 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testingISO 293, Plastics — Compression moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials
ISO 294-1, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 1: General
principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimensISO 295, Plastics — Compression moulding of test specimens of thermosetting materials
ISO 1268 (all parts), Fibre-reinforced plastics — Methods of producing test plates.
ISO 2818, Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machiningISO 10724-1, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermosetting powder moulding
compounds (PMCs) — Part 1: General principles and moulding of multipurpose test specimens
ISO 13802, Plastics — Verification of pendulum impact-testing machines — Charpy, Izod and tensile
impact-testingISO 20753, Plastics — Test specimens
43 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1Izod impact strength of unnotched specimen
impact energy absorbed in breaking an unnotched specimen, referred to the original cross-sectional
area of the specimenNote 1 to entry: It is expressed in kilojoules per square metre (kJ/m ).
3.2
Izod impact strength of notched specimen
impact energy absorbed in breaking a notched specimen, referred to the original cross-sectional area of
the specimen at the notch, with the pendulum striking the face containing the notch
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in kilojoules per square metre (kJ/m ).3.3
parallel -direction of blow
impact with the direction of blow parallel to the plane of reinforcement
Note 1 to entry: The direction of the blow in the Izod test is usually “edgewise parallel” (ep) (see Figure 1).
3.4normal direction of blow
impact with the direction of blow normal to the plane of reinforcement
Note 1 to entry: This kind of impact is not usually used with the Izod test, but is indicated for the sake of
completion (see also Figure 1).54 Principle
The test specimen, supported as a vertical cantilever beam, is broken by a single impact of a striker,
with the line of impact a fixed distance from the specimen clamp and, in the case of notched specimens,
from the centreline of the notch (see Figure 2).The method specifies preferred dimensions for the test specimen. Tests which are carried out on
specimens of different dimensions or with different notches, or specimens which are prepared under
different conditions, may produce results which are not comparable. Other factors, such as the energy
capacity of the apparatus, its impact velocity and the conditioning of the specimens can also influence
the results. Consequently, when comparative data are required, these factors are to be carefully
controlled and recorded.The method is not intended to be used as a source of data for design calculations. Information on the
typical behaviour of a material can be obtained, however, by testing at different temperatures, by
2 © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
varying the notch radius and/or the thickness and by testing specimens prepared under different
conditions.75 Apparatus
7.15.1 Test machine
5.1.1 The principles, characteristics and verification of suitable test machines are detailed in
ISO 13802. ISO 13802 describes partial verification and full verification. In the case of full verification,
some items are difficult to verify when the apparatus is assembled. Such verifications are assumed to
...FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 180
ISO/TC 61/SC 2
Plastics — Determination of Izod
Secretariat: SAC
impact strength
Voting begins on:
2023-02-20
Plastiques — Détermination de la résistance au choc Izod
Voting terminates on:
2023-04-17
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 180
ISO/TC 61/SC 2
Plastics — Determination of Izod
Secretariat: SAC
impact strength
Voting begins on:
Plastiques — Détermination de la résistance au choc Izod
Voting terminates on:
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
ISO copyright office
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
DOCUMENTATION.
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: copyright@iso.org
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
5 Apparatus .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.1 Test machine ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
5.2 Micrometers and gauges ................................................................................................................................................................ 3
6 Test specimens ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
6.1 Preparation ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
6.1.1 Moulding and extrusion compounds ................................................................................................................ 3
6.1.2 Sheets ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.1.3 Long-fibre-reinforced materials ................................... ........................................................................................ 6
6.1.4 Checking ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................... 6
6.1.5 Notching ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.2 Anisotropy .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
6.3 Shape and dimensions ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
6.3.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
6.3.2 Moulding and extrusion compounds ................................................................................................................ 7
6.3.3 Sheet materials, including long-fibre-reinforced materials ........................................................ 7
6.4 Number of test specimens ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
6.5 Conditioning.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
7 Procedure ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
8 Calculation and expression of results ........................................................................................................................................... 9
8.1 Unnotched specimens ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
8.2 Notched specimens ............................................................................................................................................................................. 9
8.3 Statistical parameters...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
8.4 Significant figures................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
9 Precision ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
10 Test report ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................10
Annex A (informative) Precision statement .............................................................................................................................................12
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................14
iii© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and nongovernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 2,
Mechanical behavior, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 249, Plastics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 180:2019), which has been technically
revised.The main changes are as follows:
— results of an interlaboratory test for unnotched specimens (see Annex A) have been added;
— reference to standard ISO 16012 (see the Bibliography and 5.2) has been added;— symbols used in Formulae (1) and (2) have been reviewed and updated;
— method designation in Clause 10 b) have been reviewed and updated.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
Introduction
The Izod impact strength determination method is suitable for use with the following range of materials:
— rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials, including filled and reinforced compounds
in addition to unfilled types; rigid thermoplastics sheets;— rigid thermosetting moulding materials, including filled and reinforced compounds; rigid
thermosetting sheets, including laminates;— fibre-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or
nonunidirectional reinforcements such as mat, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands,
combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings and milled fibres and sheet made from pre-
impregnated materials (prepregs);— thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers.
The method is not normally suitable for use with rigid cellular materials and sandwich structures
containing cellular material. Notched specimens are also not normally used for long-fibre-reinforced
composites or thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers.The method is suited to the use of specimens which can be either moulded to the chosen dimensions,
machined from the central portion of a standard multipurpose test specimen (see ISO 20753) or
machined from finished or semi-finished products such as mouldings, laminates and extruded or cast
sheet.© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
Plastics — Determination of Izod impact strength
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for determining the Izod impact strength of plastics under defined
conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test
parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of
notch.The method is used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact
conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations
inherent in the test conditions.2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testingISO 293, Plastics — Compression moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials
ISO 2941, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 1: General
principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimensISO 295, Plastics — Compression moulding of test specimens of thermosetting materials
ISO 1268 (all parts), Fibre-reinforced plastics — Methods of producing test plates.
ISO 2818, Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machiningISO 107241, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermosetting powder moulding compounds
(PMCs) — Part 1: General principles and moulding of multipurpose test specimensISO 13802, Plastics — Verification of pendulum impact-testing machines — Charpy, Izod and tensile
impact-testing3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
Izod impact strength of unnotched specimen
impact energy absorbed in breaking an unnotched specimen, referred to the original cross-sectional
area of the specimenNote 1 to entry: It is expressed in kilojoules per square metre (kJ/m ).
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
3.2
Izod impact strength of notched specimen
impact energy absorbed in breaking a notched specimen, referred to the original cross-sectional area
of the specimen at the notch, with the pendulum striking the face containing the notch
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in kilojoules per square metre (kJ/m ).3.3
parallel -direction of blow
impact with the direction of blow parallel to the plane of reinforcement
Note 1 to entry: The direction of the blow in the Izod test is usually “edgewise parallel” (ep) (see Figure 1).
3.4normal direction of blow
impact with the direction of blow normal to the plane of reinforcement
Note 1 to entry: This kind of impact is not usually used with the Izod test, but is indicated for the sake of
completion (see also Figure 1).4 Principle
The test specimen, supported as a vertical cantilever beam, is broken by a single impact of a striker,
with the line of impact a fixed distance from the specimen clamp and, in the case of notched specimens,
from the centreline of the notch (see Figure 2).The method specifies preferred dimensions for the test specimen. Tests which are carried out on
specimens of different dimensions or with different notches, or specimens which are prepared under
different conditions, may produce results which are not comparable. Other factors, such as the energy
capacity of the apparatus, its impact velocity and the conditioning of the specimens can also influence
the results. Consequently, when comparative data are required, these factors are to be carefully
controlled and recorded.The method is not intended to be used as a source of data for design calculations. Information on the
typical behaviour of a material can be obtained, however, by testing at different temperatures, by
varying the notch radius and/or the thickness and by testing specimens prepared under different
conditions.5 Apparatus
5.1 Test machine
5.1.1 The principles, characteristics and verification of suitable test machines are detailed in
ISO 13802. ISO 13802 describes partial verification and full verification. In the case of full verification,
some items are difficult to verify when the apparatus is assembled. Such verifications are assumed to
be incumbent on the manufacturer.5.1.2 Some plastics are sensitive to clamping pressure. When testing such materials, a means of
standardizing the clamping force shall be used and the clamping force shall be recorded in the test
report. The clamping force can be controlled by using a calibrated torque wrench or a pneumatic or
hydraulic device on the vice clamping screw.© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 180:2023(E)
5.2 Micrometers and gauges
Micrometers and gauges capable of measuring the essential dimensions of test specimens to an accuracy
of 0,02 mm are required. For measuring the dimension b of notched specimens, the micrometer shall
be fitted with an anvil of width 2 mm to 3 mm and of suitable profile to fit the shape of the notch. For
general information on the determination of test specimen dimensions, see ISO 16012.
6 Test specimens6.1 Preparation
6.1.1 Moulding and extrusion compounds
Specimens shall be pre
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