ISO 13400-1:2011
(Main)Road vehicles — Diagnostic communication over Internet Protocol (DoIP) — Part 1: General information and use case definition
Road vehicles — Diagnostic communication over Internet Protocol (DoIP) — Part 1: General information and use case definition
ISO 13400-1:2011 describes the general use cases and communication scenarios which are covered by an Internet Protocol-based vehicle communication standard. Each use case drives specific communication capabilities of the vehicle communication interface, for instance in order to be interoperable in an existing computer network. The diagnostic communication over Internet Protocol (DoIP) protocol supports the standardized service primitive interface as specified in ISO 14229-2. The descriptions in ISO 13400-1:2011 cover different application layer implementations, such as: enhanced vehicle diagnostics (system diagnostics beyond legislated functionality, non-emissions-related system diagnostics); WWH-OBD (World-Wide Harmonized On-Board Diagnostics) as specified in ISO 27145-2 and ISO 27145-3.
Véhicules routiers — Communication de diagnostic au travers du protocole internet (DoIP) — Partie 1: Informations générales et définition de cas d'usage
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13400-1
First edition
2011-10-15
Road vehicles — Diagnostic
communication over Internet Protocol
(DoIP) —
Part 1:
General information and use case
definition
Véhicules routiers — Communication de diagnostic au travers du
protocole internet (DoIP) —
Partie 1: Informations générales et définition de cas d’usage
Reference number
ISO 13400-1:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
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ISO 13400-1:2011(E)
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ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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ISO 13400-1:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 2
4 Conventions . 3
5 Document overview . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 OSI model . 5
6 Diagnostic network architecture . 5
6.1 Diagnostic network . 5
6.2 Vehicle subnetwork . 5
6.3 Diagnostic gateway . 5
7 DoIP use case overview and principles . 6
7.1 Overview . 6
7.2 DoIP use case clusters . 6
8 DoIP use case definition . 6
8.1 Use case 1 — Vehicle inspection and repair . 6
8.2 Use case 2 — Vehicle/ECU software reprogramming . 7
8.3 Use case 3 — Vehicle/ECU assembly line inspection and repair . 7
9 Communication scenarios . 8
9.1 Overview about network configurations . 8
9.2 Direct physical connection between one vehicle and one instance of external test equipment . 8
9.3 Networked connection between one vehicle and one instance of external test equipment . 9
9.4 Networked connection between multiple vehicles and one instance of external test equipment .
10
9.5 Networked connection between one vehicle and multiple instances of external test equipment
or test applications on a single physical instance of external test equipment . 11
9.6 Network characteristics .12
Bibliography .15
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ISO 13400-1:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13400-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 3, Electrical
and electronic equipment.
ISO 13400 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles — Diagnostic communication
over Internet Protocol (DoIP):
— Part 1: General information and use case definition
— Part 2: Transport protocol and network layer services
— Part 3: Wired vehicle interface based on IEEE 802.3
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 4: Ethernet Diagnostic Connector
— Part 5: Conformance test specification
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ISO 13400-1:2011(E)
Introduction
Vehicle diagnostic communication has been developed starting with the introduction of the first legislated
emissions-related diagnostics and has evolved over the years, now covering various use cases ranging
from emissions-related diagnostics to vehicle manufacturer specific applications like calibration or electronic
component software updates.
With the introduction of new in-vehicle network communication technologies the interface between the vehicle’s
electronic control units and the external test equipment has been adapted several times to address the specific
characteristics of each new network communication technology requiring optimized data link layer definitions
and transport protocol developments in order to make the new in-vehicle networks usable for diagnostic
communication.
With increasing memory size of electronic control units and the demand to update this increasing amount of
software and an increasing number of functions provided by these control units, technology of the connecting
network and buses has been driven to a level of complexity and speed similar to computer networks. New
applications (x-by-wire, infotainment) require high band-width and real time networks (like FlexRay, MOST)
which cannot be adapted to provide the direct interface to a vehicle. This requires gateways to route and
convert messages between the in-vehicle networks and the vehicle interface to external test equipment.
The intent of ISO 13400 (all parts) is to describe a standardized vehicle interface which
— separates in-vehicle network technology from the external test equipment vehicle interface requirements
to allow for a long-term stable external vehicle communication interface,
— utilizes existing industry standards to define a long-term stable state-of-the-art communication standard
usable for legislated diagnostic communication as well as for manufacturer-specific use cases, and
— can be easily adapted to new physical and data link layers, including wired and wireless connections using
existing adaptation layers.
To achieve this, all parts of ISO 13400 are based on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Basic Reference
Model specified in ISO/IEC 7498-1 and ISO/IEC 10731, which structures communication systems into seven
layers. Where mapped on this model, the services specified by ISO 14229-1, ISO 14229-2 and ISO 14229-5
are divided into
a) unified diagnostic services (layer 7), specified in ISO 14229-1, ISO 14229-5 and ISO 27145-3,
b) presentation (layer 6):
1) for enhanced diagnostics, specified by the vehicle manufacturer;
2) for WWH-OBD (World-Wide Harmonized On-Board Diagnostics), specified in ISO 27145-2,
SAE J1930-DA, SAE J1939:2011, Appendix C (SPNs), and SAE J1939-73:2010, Appendix A (FMI),
SAE J1979-DA, SAE J2012-DA,
c) session layer services (layer 5), specified in ISO 14229-2,
d) transport protocol (layer 4), specified in ISO 13400-2,
e) network layer (layer 3) services, specified in ISO 13400-2, and
f) physical and data link services (layers 1 and 2), specified in ISO 13400-3,
in accordance with Table 1.
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ISO 13400-1:2011(E)
Table 1 — Enhanced and legislated WWH-OBD diagnostic specifications applicable to the OSI layers
Vehicle manufacturer
Applicability OSI seven layers WWH-OBD reference
enhanced diagnostics
Application (layer 7) ISO 14229-1/ISO 14229-5 ISO 14229-1/ISO 27145-3
ISO 27145-2, SAE J1930-DA,
Vehicle manufacturer SAE J1939:2011, Appendix C (SPNs),
Presentation (layer 6)
specific SAE J1939-73:2010, Appendix A (FMIs),
Seven layers
SAE J1979-DA, SAE J2012-DA
according to
ISO/IEC 7498-1
Session (layer 5) ISO 14229-2 ISO 14229-2
and
Transport (layer 4)
ISO/IEC 10731
ISO 13400-2 ISO 13400-2
Network (layer 3)
Data link (layer 2)
ISO 13400-3 ISO 13400-3
Physical (layer 1)
The application layer services covered by ISO 14229-5 have been defined in compliance with diagnostic
services established in ISO 14229-1, but are not limited to use only with them.
The transport and network layer services covered by ISO 13400-2 have been defined to be independent of the
physical layer implemented.
For other application areas, ISO 13400-3 can be used with any Ethernet physical layer.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13400-1:2011(E)
Road vehicles — Diagnostic communication over Internet
Protocol (DoIP) —
Part 1:
General information and use case definition
IMPORTANT — The electronic file of this part of ISO 13400 contains colours which are considered to
be useful for the correct understanding of the document. Users should therefore consider printing
this part of ISO 13400 using a colour printer.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 13400 describes the general use cases and communication scenarios which are covered by
an Internet Protocol-based vehicle communication standard. Each use case drives specific communication
capabilities of the vehicle communication interface, for instance in order to be interoperable in an existing
computer network.
The diagnostic communication over Internet Protocol (DoIP) protocol supports the standardized service
primitive interface as specified in ISO 14229-2.
The descriptions in this part of ISO 13400 cover different application layer implementations, such as:
— enhanced vehicle diagnostics (system diagnostics beyond legislated functionality, non-emissions-related
system diagnostics);
— WWH-OBD as specified in ISO 27145-2 and ISO 27145-3.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14229-1, Road vehicles — Unified diagnostic services (UDS) — Part 1: Specification and requirements
ISO/IEC 7498-1, Information technology — Open Systems Interconnection — Basic Reference Model: The
Basic Model
ISO/IEC 10731, Information technology — Open Systems Interconnection — Basic Reference Model —
Conventions for the definition of OSI services
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14229-1 and the following apply.
3.1.1
controller area network
CAN
network with ECUs exchanging data frames
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ISO 13400-1:2011(E)
3.1.2
DoIP entity
host that implements the DoIP-protocol
NOTE A DoIP entity is either a DoIP node or a DoIP gateway.
3.1.3
DoIP gateway
host inside the vehicle which implements the DoIP-protocol and thereby provides access to itself and the ECUs
of its connected vehicle subnetworks
3.1.4
DoIP node
host inside the vehicle which implements the DoIP-protocol to provide access to itself but does not route DoIP
protocol data to the vehicle subnetworks
3.1.5
external programming equipment
off-vehicle device which is used to programme vehicle subsystem ECUs with changed software; a subset of
external test equipment
3.1.6
external test equipment
off-vehicle device which is used to obtain information from vehicle subsystems during the act of performing
manufacturing, maintenance, diagnostics and repair
3.1.7
Internet Protocol
IP
protocol for packet-switched end-to-end data communication over various transport media
3.1.8
network address translation
NAT
process of modifying network addresses in IP datagram headers while routing
3.1.9
transport control protocol
TCP
transport protocol for connection-oriented data communication via an IP network
3.1.10
user datagram protocol
UDP
transport protocol for connectionless data communication via an IP network
3.2 Abbreviated terms
CAN controller area network
ECU electronic control unit
FMI failure mode indicator
IP Internet Protocol
NAT network address translation
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
PC personal computer
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ISO 13400-1:2011(E)
SAP service access point
SPN suspect parameter number
TCP transmission control protocol
UDP user datagram protocol
WLAN wireless local area network
4 Conventions
ISO 13400 is based on the conventions discussed in the OSI Service Conventions (as specified in ISO/IEC 10731)
as they apply to diagnostic services.
5 Document overview
5.1 General
All parts of ISO 13400 are applicable to vehicle diagnostic systems implemented on an IP communication
network.
ISO 13400 has been established in order to define common requirements for vehicle diagnostic systems
implemented on an IP communication link.
Although primarily intended for diagnostic systems, ISO 13400 has been developed to also meet requirements
from other IP-based systems needing a transport protocol and network layer services.
Figure 1 illustrates the most applicable application implementations utilizing DoIP.
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ISO 13400-1:2011(E)
ISO 13400-1
DoIP
general information and
use case definition
Enhanced
WWH-OBD
diagnostics
ISO 14229-1 UDS
ISO 27145-3
specification and ISO 14229-5
WWH-OBD
subset
OSI layer 7
requirements UDSonIP common message
Application
dictionary
ISO 27145-2
Vehicle
WWH-OBD
manufacturer-
OSI layer 6
common data
specific
Presentation
dictionary
ISO 14229-2 UDS
ISO 14229-2 UDS
1 : 1
session layer
OSI layer 5
session layer services
services
Session
Standardized service primitive interface
Diagnostic communication over Internet Protocol (DoIP)
ISO 13400-2
OSI layer 4
DoIP
Transport
transport
protocol
and network
layer services
OSI layer 3
Network
OSI layer 2
ISO 13400-3
Data Link
DoIP
wired vehicle
interface
based on
IEEE 802.3
OSI layer 1
Physical
Figure 1 — DoIP document reference according to OSI model
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ISO 13400-1:2011(E)
5.2 OSI model
All parts of ISO 13400 are based on the OSI Basic Reference Model, as specified in ISO/IEC 7498-1, which
structures communication systems into seven layers.
ISO 13400 is guided by the OSI service conventions, as specified in ISO/IEC 10731, to the extent that they are
applicable to diagnostic services. These conventions define the interaction between the service user and the
service provider through service primitives.
The aim of this subclause is to give an overview of the OSI model and show how it has been used as a guideline
for this part of ISO 13400. It also shows how the OSI service conventions have been applied to ISO 13400.
The OSI model structures data communication into seven layers called (from top down) Application layer
(layer 7), Presentation layer, Session layer, Transport layer, Network layer, Data Link layer and Physical layer
(layer 1). A subset of these layers is used in ISO 13400.
ISO 13400 specifies the Transport layer, Network layer, Data Link layer and Physical layer for DoIP.
The purpose of each layer is to provide services to the layer above it. The application layer provides services to
the diagnostic application. The active parts of each layer, implemented in software, hardware or any combination
of software and hardware, are called entities. In the OSI model, communication takes place between entities
of the same layer in different nodes. Such communicating entities of the same layer are called peer entities.
The services provided by one layer are available at the SAP of that layer. The layer above can use them by
exchanging data parameters.
ISO 13400 distinguishes between the services provided by a layer to the layer above it and the protocol used
by the layer to send a message between the peer entities of that layer. The reason for this distinction is to
make the services, especially the application layer services and the transport layer services, reusable also for
other types of networks than the IP, e.g. CAN. In this way, the protocol is hidden from the service user and it is
possible to change the protocol if special system requirements demand it.
6 Diagnostic network architecture
6.1 Diagnostic network
The diagnostic network contains all DoIP entities as well as any external test equipment.
A diagnostic network can range from a simple point-to-point connection between external test equipment and
a single DoIP entity to a complex distributed network architecture with several test equipment hosts, multiple
vehicles, each with multiple DoIP entities and vehicle subnetworks connected via DoIP gateways.
6.2 Vehicle subnetwork
A vehicle subnetwork is an in-vehicle network which is not directly connected to the IP-based network.
NOTE Data to and from this veh
...
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