ISO 11907-1:2019
(Main)Plastics — Smoke generation — Determination of the corrosivity of fire effluents — Part 1: General concepts and applicability
Plastics — Smoke generation — Determination of the corrosivity of fire effluents — Part 1: General concepts and applicability
The document defines terms related to smoke corrosivity as well as smoke acidity and smoke toxicity. It presents the scenario-based approach that controls smoke corrosivity. It describes the test methods to assess smoke corrosivity at laboratory scale and deals with test applicability and post-exposure conditions. This document is applicable to tests of determination of smoke corrosivity from combustion of materials samples.
Plastiques — Production de fumées — Détermination de la corrosivité des effluents du feu — Partie 1: Concepts généraux et applicabilité
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11907-1
Second edition
2019-07
Plastics — Smoke generation —
Determination of the corrosivity of
fire effluents —
Part 1:
General concepts and applicability
Plastiques — Production de fumées — Détermination de la corrosivité
des effluents du feu —
Partie 1: Concepts généraux et applicabilité
Reference number
ISO 11907-1:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
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ISO 11907-1:2019(E)
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ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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ISO 11907-1:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Objectives . 2
5 Fire scenarios and general factors conditioning the production of effluents .3
6 Types of fire effluent test . 3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 Static method . . 3
6.3 Dynamic decomposition methods . 3
6.3.1 General. 3
6.3.2 ISO 11907-4 . 4
[17] 4
6.3.3 IEC/TS 60695-5-3 . .
7 Applicability of test results . 4
8 Post-exposure of corrosion targets . 5
Bibliography . 6
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ISO 11907-1:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 4, Burning
behaviour.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11907-1:1998), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— update of the existing test methods;
— clarification of differences between acidity, corrosivity and toxicity;
— clarification of the importance of fire scenarios and global approach for corrosivity assessment.
A list of all parts in the ISO 11907 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
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ISO 11907-1:2019(E)
Introduction
[1][2][3]
Corrosivity of smoke is important in the evaluation of fire damages . This document constitutes
the guidance part of the ISO 11907 series. Clause 3 defines smoke corrosivity as well as smoke acidity
and smoke toxicity. Clause 4 details the objectives of this document. Clause 5 presents the scenario-
based approach that governs smoke corrosivity. Clause 6 categorizes the different test methods to
assess smoke corrosivity at laboratory scale. Clauses 7 and 8 respectively deal with the applicability
and post-exposure conditions.
[4]
ISO 11907-4 describes a dynamic test procedure. Any standard method within the ISO 11907 series
should be used solely to measure and describe the properties of materials, products or systems in
response to heat or flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be considered or used
by itself for describing or appraising the fire hazard of materials, products or systems under actual fire
conditions or as the sole source on which regulations pertaining to corrosivity of fire effluents are based.
[5] [6]
NOTE Two other methods, named ISO 11907-2 and ISO 11907-3 , existed in the past but are no longer
used. Related International Standards have been withdrawn.
Smoke corrosivity represents the measured effect of material or product reduction in functionality due
to the corrosive effects of smoke. These corrosive effects are an essential factor in the assessment of the
extent and cost of fire damage. All fire effluents and effects, including the released heat, are corrosive
to some degree. Their potential to cause damage depends on a series of factors including:
— the rate of fire growth, which determines effluent concentrations;
— the volume into which the effluents disperse;
— the conditions of ventilation of the enclosure, including windows, smoke vents and mechanical
ventilation;
— the nature of the combustible materials involved in the fire;
— the nature and composition of the exposed surfaces;
— the time of exposure;
— the conditions where pyrolysis occurs (heat flux, oxygen) as well as where combustion occurs;
— the specific environmental conditions at the exposed surfaces (temperature and humidity);
— the efficacy of active and passive fire protection, extinction and smoke management systems.
The corrosive effects of combustion products are not connected to the effect of fire effluents to people
such as fire effluents toxicity.
The corrosive effects of fire effluents are not only material or product dependent, but also a systemic
parameter. A scenario-based approach is then needed for assessment, i.e. using CFD models in a fire
safety engineering approach. Corrosivity tests at laboratory scale might be relevant to assess the
corrosion behaviour of smoke. In any given corrosivity test, the effects of the combustion products on
the target depend on:
— their concentration;
— their chemical and physical nature;
— the chemical and physical nature of the corrosion target;
— the time of exposure and post-exposure conditions;
— the environmental conditions at the target-effluent interface (humidity, temperature, flow regime);
— condensation phenomena at the target;
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ISO 11907-1:2019(E)
— adsorption by smoke particles of corrosive effluents;
— interactions between the fire effluent and surrounding surfaces;
— nature of any cleaning of the target after the exposure.
In the fire, the effluents are carried by buoyancy to regions remote from the fire zone itself, so the
potential for corrosion exists even in these areas the smoke reaches. Some particulates and effluent
species can also be adsorbed onto on particulates and can deposit on surfaces as the effluents are
transported.
Thus, the corrosion potential in the fire zone is, in general,significantly different from that in any given
remote area. Given the extent of damage generally occurring within the fire enclosure itself, non-
thermal damage by corrosion is likely to be of most significance outside the room of origin of the fire
(except in the case of smouldering fires).
The corrosive effects can be broken down into three different processes:
— metal loss from chemical corrosion;
— leakage current from electrolytic corrosion;
— high contact resistance due to galvanic corrosion.
Additional short-circuit effect due to particulates deposition is also of high concern.
Targets used in ISO 11907-4 measures only metal loss corrosion.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11907-1:2019(E)
Plastics — Smoke generation — Determination of the
corrosivity of fire effluents —
Part 1:
General concepts and applicability
1 Scope
The document defines terms related to smoke corrosivity as well as smoke acidity and smoke toxicity.
It presents the scenario-based approach that controls smoke corrosivity. It describes the test methods
to assess smoke corrosivity at laboratory scale and deals with test applicability and post-exposure
conditions. This document is applicable to tests of determination of smoke corrosivity from combustion
of materials samples.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
smoke corrosivity
measured effect of material or product reduction in functionality due to the corrosive effects of smoke
3.2
smoke acidity
pH level of fire effluents found in smoke condensate and smoke particles
Note 1 to entry: Smoke acidity relates generally to consequences of the exposure of a given quantity of liquid,
generally water, to fire effluents in terms of change of pH. This is an indicator of the acidity of the effluent, and
such measurement is often completed with measurement of conductimetry of the same solution.
3.3
corrosion
breaking down or destruction of a material, especially a metal, through chemical reactions
3.4
corrosion damage
physical and/or chemical damage or impaired function caused by chemical action
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.69]
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ISO 11907-1:2019(E)
3.5
corrosion target
sensor used to determine the degree of corrosion damage (3.4), under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: The sensor may be a product or a component. It may also be a reference mate
...
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