ISO 11076:2006

Aircraft — Ground-based de-icing/anti-icing methods with fluids

ISO 11076:2006 establishes the minimum requirements for aircraft de-icing/anti-icing methods on the ground, in accordance with the ICAO Manual of aircraft ground de-icing/anti-icing operations and relevant national regulations, to facilitate the safe operation of transport aircraft during icing conditions. This International Standard does not specify requirements for specific aircraft model types. Frost, ice or snow deposits, which can seriously affect the aerodynamic performance and/or controllability of an aircraft, are effectively removed by the application of the procedures specified in ISO 11076:2006. De-icing/anti-icing by mechanical means is not covered by this International Standard.

Aéronefs — Méthodes de dégivrage/d'antigivrage au sol à l'aide de liquides

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 12-Nov-2006
• Withdrawal Date: 12-Nov-2006
• ICS: 49.100 - Ground service and maintenance equipment
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 20/SC 9 - Air cargo and ground equipment
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 20/SC 9 - Air cargo and ground equipment
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 05-Nov-2012

Relations

• Revised: ISO 11076:2012 - Aircraft — De-icing/anti-icing methods on the ground
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009
• Revises: ISO 11076:2000 - Aerospace — Aircraft de-icing/anti-icing methods with fluids
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11076
Fourth edition
2006-11-15

Aircraft — Ground-based de-icing/anti-
icing methods with fluids
Aéronefs — Méthodes de dégivrage/d'antigivrage au sol à l'aide de
liquides




Reference number
ISO 11076:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006

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ISO 11076:2006(E)
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©  ISO 2006
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ISO 11076:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 5
5 General requirements. 5
6 Quality assurance programme . 6
7 Requirements for staff training and qualifications . 6
7.1 Personnel qualifications . 6
7.2 Training for crews. 7
7.3 Subjects to be covered in training. 7
7.4 Records. 7
8 Requirements for fluid handling . 8
8.1 Environment . 8
8.2 Fluid acceptance. 8
8.3 Mixing of different products . 12
8.4 Storage. 13
8.5 Pumping. 13
8.6 Transfer lines . 13
8.7 Heating. 13
8.8 Application . 14
9 Contamination check. 14
10 Procedures . 14
10.1 Need for de-icing/anti-icing . 14
10.2 De-icing. 14
10.3 Anti-icing . 17
10.4 Local frost prevention in cold-soaked wing areas . 18
11 Limits and precautions. 19
11.1 Fluid-related limits. 19
11.2 Aircraft-related limits. 20
11.3 Procedure precautions. 20
11.4 Clear-ice precautions . 22
12 General aircraft requirements after de-icing/anti-icing. 22
12.1 General. 22
12.2 Wing, tail and control surfaces . 22
12.3 Pitot heads and static ports. 22
12.4 Engines . 23
12.5 Air-conditioning inlets and exits . 23
12.6 Landing gear and landing-gear doors . 23
12.7 Fuel-tank vents. 23
12.8 Fuselage . 23
12.9 Flight-control check. 23
12.10 Dried-fluid residues when the aircraft has not been flown after anti-icing . 23
12.11 Special maintenance considerations. 23
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ISO 11076:2006(E)
13 Post-de-icing/anti-icing-treatment check . 23
14 Pre-take-off check and pre-take-off contamination check. 24
14.1 Pre-take-off check . 24
14.2 Pre-take-off contamination check . 24
15 Communication procedures . 24
15.1 De-icing/anti-icing operation. 24
15.2 Anti-icing code . 24
15.3 Post-treatment check and transmission of the anti-icing code to the pilot-in-command. 25
15.4 All-clear signal. 25
15.5 Emergency procedures . 25
15.6 Aircraft movement . 25
16 Off-gate de-icing/anti-icing procedures. 25
16.1 Communications . 25
16.2 Taxi guidance . 26
16.3 General instructions . 26
16.4 Responsibilities. 26
16.5 Terminology. 26
17 Holdover time . 26
Annex A (normative) Guidelines for the application of, and example of holdover times anticipated
for, ISO type I fluid/water mixtures. 28
Annex B (normative) Guidelines for the application of, and example of holdover times anticipated
for, ISO type II, type III and type IV fluid/water mixtures. 30
Bibliography . 32

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ISO 11076:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 11076 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee
SC 9, Air cargo and ground equipment.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 11076:2000), which has been technically
revised.
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ISO 11076:2006(E)
Introduction
Annexes A and B of this International Standard provide guidelines for the application of different types of de-
icing/anti-icing fluids as a function of outside air temperature and of weather conditions. These data require
frequent updating. ISO/TC 20/SC 9 has agreed to delegating this task under its own guidance to the
Association of European Airlines (AEA) and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), which are
organizations recognized as experts in the field of de-icing/anti-icing aircraft on the ground.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11076:2006(E)

Aircraft — Ground-based de-icing/anti-icing methods with fluids
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes the minimum requirements for aircraft de-icing/anti-icing methods on
the ground, in accordance with the ICAO Manual of aircraft ground de-icing/anti-icing operations
(Doc. 9640-AN/940) and relevant national regulations, to facilitate the safe operation of transport aircraft
during icing conditions. This International Standard does not specify requirements for specific aircraft model
types.
Aircraft manufacturers' published manuals, procedures or methods take precedence over the information in
this International standard.
Airlines' published manuals, procedures or methods supplement the information contained in this International
Standard.
Frost, ice or snow deposits, which can seriously affect the aerodynamic performance and/or controllability of
an aircraft, are effectively removed by the application of the procedures specified in this International Standard.
De-icing/anti-icing by mechanical means is not covered by this International Standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9001:2000, Quality management systems — Requirements
ISO 11075, Aircraft de-icing/anti-icing fluids — ISO type I
ISO 11077, Aerospace — Self-propelled de-icing/anti-icing vehicles — Functional requirements
ISO 11078, Aircraft — De-icing/anti-icing fluids — ISO types II, III and IV
1)
ICAO doc 9640-AN/940 , Manual of aircraft ground de-icing/anti-icing operations
2)
JAR-OPS 1.035 , Quality system
2)
JAR-OPS 1.345 and ACJ 1.345 , Ice and other contaminants, ground procedures
3)
FAR Title 14 CFR Part 121, paragraph 121.629, Operation in icing conditions

1) Available from ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization), 999 University Street, Montreal, Canada.
Phone: [phone] or e-mail: [e-mail].
2) Available from JAA (Joint Aviation Authorities, Europe), P.O.Box 3000, 2130 KA Hoofddorp, The Netherlands.
3) Available from FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), USA. Website: http://www.faa.gov/, choose “regulations”.
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ISO 11076:2006(E)
4)
FAA Advisory Circular AC 120-60 , Ground de-icing and anti-icing program
5)
CAR (Canadian Aviation Regulation), Part VI, Subpart 2, Operating and flight rules, item 602.11, Aircraft
icing
5)
CAR (Canadian Aviation Regulation), Standard 622.11, Ground icing operations
4)
FAA Advisory Circular AC 120-59 , Air carriers internal evaluation programs
6)
SAE AIR9968 , Viscosity Test of Thickened Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
active frost
condition when frost is forming
NOTE Active frost occurs when aircraft surface temperature is u 0 °C (32 °F) and u dew point.
3.2
anti-icing
precautionary procedure which provides protection against the formation of frost or ice and accumulation of
snow or slush on treated surfaces of the aircraft for a limited period of time (holdover time)
3.3
anti-icing fluid (a)
ISO type I fluid, in accordance with ISO 11075, heated to 60 °C minimum at the spray nozzle
3.4
anti-icing fluid (b)
mixture of water and ISO type I fluid, heated to 60 °C minimum at the spray nozzle
3.5
anti-icing fluid (c)
ISO type II, III or IV fluids in accordance with ISO 11078
3.6
anti-icing fluid (d)
mixture of water and ISO type II, III or IV fluids
NOTE Anti-icing fluids types II, III and IV are normally applied unheated on clean aircraft surfaces but may be applied
heated.
3.7
check
examination of an item against a relevant standard by a trained and qualified person

4) Available from FAA (Federal Aviation Administration, USA).
Website: http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/examiners_inspectors/8400/fsat/
5) Available from Transport Canada. Website: http://www.tc.gc.ca/civilaviation.
6) Available from SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) Int'l, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001,
USA. Website: http://www.sae.org/.
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ISO 11076:2006(E)
3.8
clear ice
layer of pure, transparent, homogeneous, hard and smooth ice bonded to a surface
3.9
cold-soaked wing
condition of the wings of aircraft when they have (partly) a very low temperature due to very cold fuel
(below 0 °C) in the wing tanks
NOTE This condition can result from having just landed after a flight at high altitude or from having been refuelled
with very cold fuel. The following factors contribute to cold-soaking: temperature and quantity of fuel in fuel tanks, type and
location of fuel cells, length of time at high altitude, temperature of refuelling fuel and time since refuelling.
3.10
contamination
all forms of frozen or semi-frozen moisture such as frost, snow, ice or slush
3.11
contamination check
check of aircraft surfaces for contamination to establish the need for de-icing
3.12
de-icing
procedure by which frost, ice, slush or snow is removed from an aircraft in order to provide clean surfaces
3.13
de-icing/anti-icing
combination of the de-icing and anti-icing procedures
NOTE It may be performed in one or two steps.
3.14
de-icing fluid (a)
heated water
3.15
de-icing fluid (b)
ISO type I fluid in accordance with ISO 11075
3.16
de-icing fluid (c)
mixture of water and ISO type I fluid
3.17
de-icing fluid (d)
ISO type II, III or IV fluids in accordance with ISO 11078
3.18
de-icing fluid (e)
mixture of water and ISO type II, III or IV fluids
NOTE De-icing fluid is normally applied heated in order to assure maximum efficiency.
3.19
freezing drizzle
fairly uniform precipitation composed exclusively of fine drops [diameter less than 0,5 mm (0,02 in)] very close
together which freezes upon impact with the ground or other exposed objects
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ISO 11076:2006(E)
3.20
freezing fog
suspension of numerous minute water droplets which freezes upon impact with ground or other exposed
objects
NOTE Freezing fog generally reduces the horizontal visibility at the earth's surface to less than 1 km (0,62 mile).
3.21
frost/hoarfrost
ice crystals that form from ice-saturated air at temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) by direct sublimation on the
ground or other exposed objects
3.22
hail
precipitation of small balls or pieces of ice with a diameter ranging from 5 to > 50 mm (0,2 to > 2,0 in.) falling
either separately or agglomerated
3.23
holdover time
estimated time for which an anti-icing fluid will prevent the formation of frost or ice and the accumulation of
snow on the protected surfaces of an aircraft, under weather conditions as specified in the holdover time
guidelines
NOTE See annexes.
3.24
ice pellets
precipitation of transparent (grains of ice), or translucent (small hail) pellets of ice, which are spherical or
irregular, and which have a diameter of 5 mm (0,2 in.) or less
NOTE The pellets of ice usually bounce when hitting hard ground.
3.25
light freezing rain
precipitation of liquid water particles, which freezes upon impact with the ground or other exposed objects,
either in the form of drops of more than 0,5 mm (0,02 in) or smaller drops which, in contrast to drizzle, are
widely separated
2
NOTE Measured intensity of liquid water particles is up to 2,5 mm/h (0,10 in/h) or 25 g/dm /h with a maximum of
0,25 mm (0,010 in) in 6 min.
3.26
local frost build-up
limited formation of frost in local wing areas sub-cooled by cold fuel or large masses of cold metal
NOTE This type of frost does not cover the entire wing.
3.27
moderate and heavy freezing rain
precipitation of liquid water particles, either in the form of drops of more than 0,5 mm (0,02 inch) or smaller
drops which (in contrast to drizzle) are widely separated, which freezes upon impact with the ground
2
NOTE Measured intensity of liquid water particles is more than 2,5 mm/h (0,10 in/h) or 25 g/dm /h.
3.28
operator
“AOC-holder” (Air Operator Certificate holder) in accordance with civil aviation regulations
3.29
rain or high humidity (on cold-soaked wing)
water forming ice or frost on the wing surface, when the temperature of the aircraft wing surface is at or below
0 °C (32 °F)
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ISO 11076:2006(E)
3.30
rain and snow (mixture)
precipitation in the form of a mixture of rain and snow
3.31
slush
snow or ice that has been reduced to a soft watery mixture
3.32
snow
precipitation of ice crystals, most of which are branched, star-shaped or mixed with unbranched crystals
NOTE At temperatures higher than −5 °C (23 °F), the crystals are generally agglomerated into snowflakes.
3.33
snow grains
precipitation of very small white and opaque particles of ice that are fairly flat or elongated with a diameter of
less than 1 mm (0,04 in)
NOTE 1 When snow grains hit hard ground, they do not bounce or shatter.
NOTE 2 For holdover-time purposes, treat snow grains as snow.
3.34
snow pellets
precipitation of white, opaque particles of ice, round or sometimes conical, with a diameter range from about
2 mm to 5 mm (0,08 in to 0,2 in)
NOTE Snow pellets are brittle, easily crushed; they bounce and may break on hard ground.
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
OAT outside air temperature
FP freezing point
5 General requirements
Aircraft ground de-icing/anti-icing methods shall comply with this International Standard, the ICAO Manual of
aircraft ground de-icing/anti-icing operations (Doc. 9640-AN/940), the applicable national civil aviation
regulations (CAR 602.11 and 622.11, JAR-OPS 1.345 and ACJ 1.345, FAR 14 CFR 121.629 and AC 120-60)
and any applicable local rules.
The various local rules concerning aircraft cold-weather operations are very specific and shall be strictly
adhered to.
A pilot shall not take off in an aircraft that has:
a) frost, snow, slush or ice present on any propeller, windscreen or power-plant installation or on airspeed,
altimeter, rate of climb or flight-altitude instrument systems;
b) snow, slush or ice adhering to the wings, stabilizers, control surfaces or fuselage, in gaps between the
airframe and control surfaces or in gaps between control surfaces and control tabs, or any frost on the
upper surfaces of wings, stabilizers or control surfaces.
For this reason a contamination check of the aircraft surfaces shall be performed prior to departure.
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ISO 11076:2006(E)
6 Quality assurance programme
Operators shall establish a quality assurance programme to ensure correct de-icing/anti-icing operations at all
stations where applicable.
This should be an approved programme which, in addition to the present, takes into account the requirements
of carriers’ internal evaluation programmes (JAR-OPS 1.035 or FAA AC 120-59) or, for non-airline
subcontractors and handling agencies, ISO 9001 or equivalent pertinent standards.
This programme shall include at least:
a) auditing;
b) training;
c) methods and procedures;
d) training records;
e) qualification;
f) publications;
g) equipment and fluids.
The auditing of all parts of the de-icing/anti-icing operation is required to check the ongoing conformance with
all regulations issued by authorities, operators, manufacturers and handling agents.
Training of all personnel involved in the de-icing/anti-icing operation is required to ensure the correct
performance of all tasks which have to be fulfilled.
Methods and procedures shall be defined to allow the clear and safe accomplishment of all tasks that are
necessary for de-icing/anti-icing an aircraft.
Training records of all de-icing/anti-icing personnel are required to guarantee that all requirements in the field of
training and skill are fulfilled.
Qualification of all de-icing/anti-icing personnel is required to assure correct performance of all tasks.
Written instructions are required for the aircraft de-icing/anti-icing operation to ensure the correct
accomplishment of all tasks.
Equipment and fluids have to be maintained in such a way that the correct quality is assured.
7 Requirements for staff training and qualifications
7.1 Personnel qualifications
De-icing/anti-icing procedures shall be carried out exclusively by personnel trained and qualified in this subject.
Companies providing de-icing/anti-icing services shall have both a training/qualification programme and a
quality assurance programme to monitor and maintain an acceptable level of competence.
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ISO 11076:2006(E)
7.2 Training for crews
Both initial and annual recurrent training for flight crews and ground crews shall be conducted to ensure that
all such crews obtain and retain a thorough knowledge of aircraft de-icing/anti-icing policies and procedures,
including new procedures and lessons learned.
Training success shall be proven by an examination/assessment which shall cover all training subjects listed
in 7.3.
The theoretical examination shall be in accordance with the latest local examination rules/requirements. The
pass mark shall be 75 % and only persons passing this examination can be qualified.
For personnel performing the actual de-icing/anti-icing treatment on aircraft, practical training with the de-
icing/anti-icing equipment shall be included.
7.3 Subjects to be covered in training
Training shall include the following items as a minimum:
a) effects of frost, ice, slush, snow and fluids on aircraft performance;
b) basic characteristics of aircraft de-icing/anti-icing fluids, including causes and consequences of fluid
degradation and residues;
c) general techniques for removing deposits of frost, ice, slush and snow from aircraft surfaces and for anti-
icing;
d) de-icing/anti-icing procedures in general and specific measures to be performed on different aircraft
types;
e) types of check required;
f) de-icing/anti-icing equipment and facilities operating procedures including actual operation;
g) safety precautions;
h) emergency procedures;
i) fluid application and limitations of holdover-time tables;
j) anti-icing codes and communication procedures;
k) special provisions and procedures for contract de-icing/anti-icing (if applicable);
l) environmental considerations, e.g. where to de-ice, spill reporting, hazardous-waste control;
m) new procedures and development, lessons learned from previous winters.
7.4 Records
Records of personnel training and qualifications shall be maintained for proof of qualification.
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ISO 11076:2006(E)
8 Requirements for fluid handling
8.1 Environment
De-icing/anti-icing fluid is a chemical product with en
...