ISO 19162:2015
(Main)Geographic information — Well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems
Geographic information — Well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems
ISO 19162:2015 defines the structure and content of a text string implementation of the abstract model for coordinate reference systems described in ISO 19111:2007 and ISO 19111-2:2009. The string defines frequently needed types of coordinate reference systems and coordinate operations in a self-contained form that is easily readable by machines and by humans. The essence is its simplicity; as a consequence there are some constraints upon the more open content allowed in ISO 19111:2007. To retain simplicity in the well-known text (WKT) description of coordinate reference systems and coordinate operations, the scope of this International Standard excludes parameter grouping and pass-through coordinate operations. The text string provides a means for humans and machines to correctly and unambiguously interpret and utilise a coordinate reference system definition with look-ups or cross references only to define coordinate operation mathematics. Because it omits metadata about the source of the data and may omit metadata about the applicability of the information, the WKT string is not suitable for the storage of definitions of coordinate reference systems or coordinate operations.
Information géographique — Représentation textuelle bien lisible de systèmes de référence par coordonnées
Geografske informacije - Koordinatni referenčni sistemi, podani kot tekst
Ta mednarodni standard določa strukturo in vsebino implementacije besedilnih nizov abstraktnega modela za koordinatne referenčne sisteme, opisane v standardih ISO 19111:2007 in ISO 19111-2:2009. Niz določa pogosto potrebne vrste koordinatnih referenčnih sistemov in koordinatnih operacij v samostojni obliki, ki jo stroji in ljudje zlahka preberejo. Bistvo je njegova preprostost; posledično za bolj odprto vsebino, ki jo omogoča standard ISO 19111:2007, veljajo nekatere omejitve. Za ohranjanje preprostosti opisa koordinatnih referenčnih sistemov in koordinatnih operacij, podanih kot besedilo (WKT), področje uporabe tega standarda ne vključuje razvrščanja parametrov in prehodnih koordinatnih operacij.
Besedilni niz omogoča ljudem in strojem pravilno in nedvoumno interpretacijo in uporabo definicije koordinatnega referenčnega sistema s poizvedbami ali sklici samo za opredelitev matematike koordinatnih operacij. Ker izpušča metapodatke o viru podatkov in morda izpušča metapodatke o uporabnosti informacij, niz WKT ni primeren za shranjevanje definicij koordinatnih referenčnih sistemov ali koordinatnih operacij.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19162
First edition
2015-08-15
Geographic information — Well-
known text representation of
coordinate reference systems
Information géographique — Représentation textuelle bien lisible de
systèmes de référence par coordonnées
Reference number
ISO 19162:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 19162:2015(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 19162:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . vii
Introduction . viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance requirements . 1
3 Normative references . 2
4 Definitions and abbreviations . 2
4.1 Definitions . 2
4.2 Abbreviations . 8
5 Backus-Naur Form notation and syntax . 8
6 WKT string form . 9
6.1 Overview . 9
6.2 Encoding . 9
6.3 Characters used in WKT . 9
6.3.1 Basic characters . 9
6.3.2 Numbers . 11
6.3.3 Date and time . 11
6.3.4 CRS WKT characters . 12
6.3.5 Double quote . 13
6.4 Delimiter . 13
6.5 Case sensitivity . 13
6.6 Reserved keywords . 13
6.7 Backward compatibility . 15
7 WKT representation of common attributes . 15
7.1 Introduction . 15
7.2 Name . 15
7.3 Scope, extent, identifier and remark . 15
7.3.1 Introduction . 15
7.3.2 Scope . 16
7.3.3 Extent . 16
7.3.4 Identifier . 18
7.3.5 Remark. 19
7.4 Unit and unit conversion factor . 20
7.5 Coordinate system . 21
7.5.1 Syntax . 21
7.5.2 Coordinate system type and dimension . 22
7.5.3 Axis name and abbreviation . 23
7.5.4 Axis direction . 24
7.5.5 Axis order . 25
7.5.6 Axis unit and coordinate system unit . 25
7.5.7 Examples of WKT describing coordinate systems . 26
8 WKT representation of geodetic coordinate reference systems . 28
8.1 Overview . 28
8.2 Geodetic datum . 28
8.2.1 Ellipsoid . 28
8.2.2 Prime meridian . 29
8.2.3 Datum . 30
8.3 Coordinate systems for geodetic CRSs . 31
8.4 Examples of WKT describing a geodetic CRS . 31
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO 19162:2015(E)
9 WKT representation of projected CRSs .32
9.1 Overview .32
9.2 Base CRS .32
9.2.1 General .32
9.2.2 Ellipsoidal CS unit .33
9.3 Map projection .33
9.3.1 Introduction .33
9.3.2 Map projection name and identifier .34
9.3.3 Map projection method .34
9.3.4 Map projection parameter .35
9.4 Coordinate systems for projected CRSs .35
9.5 Examples of WKT describing a projected CRS .35
10 WKT representation of vertical CRSs .36
10.1 Overview .36
10.2 Vertical datum .37
10.3 Vertical coordinate system .37
10.4 Example of WKT describing a vertical CRS .37
11 WKT representation of engineering CRSs .37
11.1 Overview .37
11.2 Engineering datum .38
11.3 Coordinate systems for engineering CRSs .38
11.4 Examples of WKT describing an engineering CRS .38
12 WKT representation of image CRSs .39
12.1 Overview .39
12.2 Image datum .39
12.3 Coordinate systems for image CRSs.40
13 WKT representation of parametric CRSs .40
13.1 Overview .40
13.2 Parametric datum.40
13.3 Parametric coordinate system .40
13.4 Example of WKT describing a parametric CRS .41
14 WKT representation of temporal CRSs .41
14.1 Overview .41
14.2 Temporal datum .41
14.3 Temporal coordinate system .41
14.4 Example of WKT describing a temporal CRS .41
15 WKT representation of derived CRSs .42
15.1 Overview .42
15.2 Derived CRS conversion .42
15.2.1 Introduction .42
15.2.2 Derived CRS conversion method .43
15.2.3 Derived CRS conversion parameter .43
15.2.4 Derived CRS conversion parameter file .44
15.2.5 Derived CRS conversion example .44
15.3 Derived CRS of type geodetic .44
15.3.1 Representation .44
15.3.2 Example of WKT describing a derived geodetic CRS .45
15.4 Derived CRS of type vertical .45
15.5 Derived CRS of type engineering .46
15.5.1 Representation .46
15.5.2 Examples of WKT describing a derived engineering CRS .47
15.6 Derived CRS of type parametric .48
15.7 Derived CRS of type temporal .48
16 WKT representation of compound coordinate reference systems .49
16.1 Overview .49
16.2 Examples of WKT describing a compound CRS .50
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
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ISO 19162:2015(E)
17 WKT representation of coordinate operations . 51
17.1 Coordinate operations . 51
17.2 Coordinate operation components . 51
17.2.1 Source and target CRS . 51
17.2.2 Coordinate operation name and identifier . 51
17.2.3 Coordinate operation method . 52
17.2.4 Coordinate operation parameter . 52
17.2.5 Coordinate operation parameter file . 53
17.2.6 Interpolation CRS . 53
17.2.7 Coordinate operation accuracy . 53
17.2.8 Other coordinate operation attributes . 53
17.3 Examples of WKT describing a coordinate operation . 54
18 WKT representation of CRS and coordinate operation couplets . 55
18.1 Bound CRS . 55
18.2 Bound CRS components . 56
18.2.1 Abridged coordinate transformation . 56
18.2.2 Coordinate operation method in abridged coordinate transformations . 56
18.2.3 Abridged coordinate transformation parameter . 57
18.2.4 Coordinate operation parameter file . 57
18.3 Examples of WKT describing a Bound CRS . 58
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite . 59
A.1 Conformance of a WKT string describing a geodetic CRS . 59
A.2 Conformance of a WKT string describing a projected CRS . 59
A.3 Conformance of a WKT string describing a vertical CRS . 60
A.4 Conformance of a WKT string describing an engineering CRS . 60
A.5 Conformance of a WKT string describing an image CRS . 61
A.6 Conformance of a WKT string describing a parametric CRS . 61
A.7 Conformance of a WKT string describing a temporal CRS . 62
A.8 Conformance of a WKT string describing a derived CRS . 62
A.9 Conformance of a WKT string describing a compound CRS . 63
A.10 Conformance of a WKT string describing a coordinate operation . 63
A.11 Conformance of a WKT string describing a Bound CRS . 64
Annex B (informative) Recommended practice for implementation . 65
B.1 Introduction . 65
B.2 Keywords . 65
B.2.1 Keyword case sensitivity . 65
B.2.2 Alternative keywords . 65
B.2.3 Handling of unrecognised keywords . 65
B.3 Characters . 65
B.3.1 Handling of unrecognised characters . 65
B.3.2 String length . 65
B.4 White space . 66
B.4.1 Insertion of white space. 66
B.4.2 Parsing of white space outside of quoted text . 66
B.4.3 Parsing of white space within quoted text . 66
B.5 Identifiers . 66
B.5.1 Use of identifier . 66
B.5.2 Using names to interpret identity . 66
B.6 Numbers . 67
B.6.1 Precision . 67
B.6.2 Defining parameters for a sphere . 67
B.6.3 Implied units . 67
B.7 Attribute order . 67
B.8 Version of CRS WKT . 67
Annex C (informative) Mapping of concepts from previous versions of CRS WKT . 68
C.1 BNF . 68
C.2 Backward compatibility of CRS common attributes . 68
C.2.1 Name . 68
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved v
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ISO 19162:2015(E)
C.2.2 ID (Authority) .68
C.3 Backward compatibility of coordinate reference system components .69
C.3.1 Ellipsoid .69
C.3.2 Prime meridian .69
C.3.3 Datum .69
C.3.4 Map projection .70
C.3.5 Coordinate system .71
C.4 Backward compatibility of coordinate reference systems .72
C.4.1 Geodetic CRS .72
C.4.2 Projected CRS .73
C.4.3 Vertical CRS and engineering (local) CRS .73
C.4.4 Compound CRS .74
C.4.5 Fitted CS .74
C.5 Backward compatibility of coordinate operations .74
C.6 Mapping of tokens and keywords from previous versions of CRS WKT to this
International Standard .75
Annex D (informative) Triaxial ellipsoid .79
Annex E (informative) Identifiers for coordinate operation methods and parameters .80
E.1 Introduction .80
E.2 Map projection methods .81
E.3 Map projection parameters .81
E.4 Coordinate transformation methods .83
E.5 Coordinate transformation parameters .83
Bibliography .85
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
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ISO 19162:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 19162:2017
01-junij-2017
*HRJUDIVNHLQIRUPDFLMH.RRUGLQDWQLUHIHUHQþQLVLVWHPLSRGDQLNRWWHNVW
Geographic information -- Well-known text representation of coordinate reference
systems
Information géographique -- Représentation textuelle bien lisible de systèmes de
référence par coordonnées
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 19162:2015
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
SIST ISO 19162:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 19162:2017
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 19162:2017
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19162
First edition
2015-08-15
Geographic information — Well-
known text representation of
coordinate reference systems
Information géographique — Représentation textuelle bien lisible de
systèmes de référence par coordonnées
Reference number
ISO 19162:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 19162:2017
ISO 19162:2015(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 19162:2017
ISO 19162:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . vii
Introduction . viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance requirements . 1
3 Normative references . 2
4 Definitions and abbreviations . 2
4.1 Definitions . 2
4.2 Abbreviations . 8
5 Backus-Naur Form notation and syntax . 8
6 WKT string form . 9
6.1 Overview . 9
6.2 Encoding . 9
6.3 Characters used in WKT . 9
6.3.1 Basic characters . 9
6.3.2 Numbers . 11
6.3.3 Date and time . 11
6.3.4 CRS WKT characters . 12
6.3.5 Double quote . 13
6.4 Delimiter . 13
6.5 Case sensitivity . 13
6.6 Reserved keywords . 13
6.7 Backward compatibility . 15
7 WKT representation of common attributes . 15
7.1 Introduction . 15
7.2 Name . 15
7.3 Scope, extent, identifier and remark . 15
7.3.1 Introduction . 15
7.3.2 Scope . 16
7.3.3 Extent . 16
7.3.4 Identifier . 18
7.3.5 Remark. 19
7.4 Unit and unit conversion factor . 20
7.5 Coordinate system . 21
7.5.1 Syntax . 21
7.5.2 Coordinate system type and dimension . 22
7.5.3 Axis name and abbreviation . 23
7.5.4 Axis direction . 24
7.5.5 Axis order . 25
7.5.6 Axis unit and coordinate system unit . 25
7.5.7 Examples of WKT describing coordinate systems . 26
8 WKT representation of geodetic coordinate reference systems . 28
8.1 Overview . 28
8.2 Geodetic datum . 28
8.2.1 Ellipsoid . 28
8.2.2 Prime meridian . 29
8.2.3 Datum . 30
8.3 Coordinate systems for geodetic CRSs . 31
8.4 Examples of WKT describing a geodetic CRS . 31
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST ISO 19162:2017
ISO 19162:2015(E)
9 WKT representation of projected CRSs .32
9.1 Overview .32
9.2 Base CRS .32
9.2.1 General .32
9.2.2 Ellipsoidal CS unit .33
9.3 Map projection .33
9.3.1 Introduction .33
9.3.2 Map projection name and identifier .34
9.3.3 Map projection method .34
9.3.4 Map projection parameter .35
9.4 Coordinate systems for projected CRSs .35
9.5 Examples of WKT describing a projected CRS .35
10 WKT representation of vertical CRSs .36
10.1 Overview .36
10.2 Vertical datum .37
10.3 Vertical coordinate system .37
10.4 Example of WKT describing a vertical CRS .37
11 WKT representation of engineering CRSs .37
11.1 Overview .37
11.2 Engineering datum .38
11.3 Coordinate systems for engineering CRSs .38
11.4 Examples of WKT describing an engineering CRS .38
12 WKT representation of image CRSs .39
12.1 Overview .39
12.2 Image datum .39
12.3 Coordinate systems for image CRSs.40
13 WKT representation of parametric CRSs .40
13.1 Overview .40
13.2 Parametric datum.40
13.3 Parametric coordinate system .40
13.4 Example of WKT describing a parametric CRS .41
14 WKT representation of temporal CRSs .41
14.1 Overview .41
14.2 Temporal datum .41
14.3 Temporal coordinate system .41
14.4 Example of WKT describing a temporal CRS .41
15 WKT representation of derived CRSs .42
15.1 Overview .42
15.2 Derived CRS conversion .42
15.2.1 Introduction .42
15.2.2 Derived CRS conversion method .43
15.2.3 Derived CRS conversion parameter .43
15.2.4 Derived CRS conversion parameter file .44
15.2.5 Derived CRS conversion example .44
15.3 Derived CRS of type geodetic .44
15.3.1 Representation .44
15.3.2 Example of WKT describing a derived geodetic CRS .45
15.4 Derived CRS of type vertical .45
15.5 Derived CRS of type engineering .46
15.5.1 Representation .46
15.5.2 Examples of WKT describing a derived engineering CRS .47
15.6 Derived CRS of type parametric .48
15.7 Derived CRS of type temporal .48
16 WKT representation of compound coordinate reference systems .49
16.1 Overview .49
16.2 Examples of WKT describing a compound CRS .50
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 19162:2017
ISO 19162:2015(E)
17 WKT representation of coordinate operations . 51
17.1 Coordinate operations . 51
17.2 Coordinate operation components . 51
17.2.1 Source and target CRS . 51
17.2.2 Coordinate operation name and identifier . 51
17.2.3 Coordinate operation method . 52
17.2.4 Coordinate operation parameter . 52
17.2.5 Coordinate operation parameter file . 53
17.2.6 Interpolation CRS . 53
17.2.7 Coordinate operation accuracy . 53
17.2.8 Other coordinate operation attributes . 53
17.3 Examples of WKT describing a coordinate operation . 54
18 WKT representation of CRS and coordinate operation couplets . 55
18.1 Bound CRS . 55
18.2 Bound CRS components . 56
18.2.1 Abridged coordinate transformation . 56
18.2.2 Coordinate operation method in abridged coordinate transformations . 56
18.2.3 Abridged coordinate transformation parameter . 57
18.2.4 Coordinate operation parameter file . 57
18.3 Examples of WKT describing a Bound CRS . 58
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite . 59
A.1 Conformance of a WKT string describing a geodetic CRS . 59
A.2 Conformance of a WKT string describing a projected CRS . 59
A.3 Conformance of a WKT string describing a vertical CRS . 60
A.4 Conformance of a WKT string describing an engineering CRS . 60
A.5 Conformance of a WKT string describing an image CRS . 61
A.6 Conformance of a WKT string describing a parametric CRS . 61
A.7 Conformance of a WKT string describing a temporal CRS . 62
A.8 Conformance of a WKT string describing a derived CRS . 62
A.9 Conformance of a WKT string describing a compound CRS . 63
A.10 Conformance of a WKT string describing a coordinate operation . 63
A.11 Conformance of a WKT string describing a Bound CRS . 64
Annex B (informative) Recommended practice for implementation . 65
B.1 Introduction . 65
B.2 Keywords . 65
B.2.1 Keyword case sensitivity . 65
B.2.2 Alternative keywords . 65
B.2.3 Handling of unrecognised keywords . 65
B.3 Characters . 65
B.3.1 Handling of unrecognised characters . 65
B.3.2 String length . 65
B.4 White space . 66
B.4.1 Insertion of white space. 66
B.4.2 Parsing of white space outside of quoted text . 66
B.4.3 Parsing of white space within quoted text . 66
B.5 Identifiers . 66
B.5.1 Use of identifier . 66
B.5.2 Using names to interpret identity . 66
B.6 Numbers . 67
B.6.1 Precision . 67
B.6.2 Defining parameters for a sphere . 67
B.6.3 Implied units . 67
B.7 Attribute order . 67
B.8 Version of CRS WKT . 67
Annex C (informative) Mapping of concepts from previous versions of CRS WKT . 68
C.1 BNF . 68
C.2 Backward compatibility of CRS common attributes . 68
C.2.1 Name . 68
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved v
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SIST ISO 19162:2017
ISO 19162:2015(E)
C.2.2 ID (Authority) .68
C.3 Backward compatibility of coordinate reference system components .69
C.3.1 Ellipsoid .69
C.3.2 Prime meridian .69
C.3.3 Datum .69
C.3.4 Map projection .70
C.3.5 Coordinate system .71
C.4 Backward compatibility of coordinate reference systems .72
C.4.1 Geodetic CRS .72
C.4.2 Projected CRS .73
C.4.3 Vertical CRS and engineering (local) CRS .73
C.4.4 Compound CRS .74
C.4.5 Fitted CS .74
C.5 Backward compatibility of coordinate operations .74
C.6 Mapping of tokens and keywords from previous versions of CRS WKT to this
International Standard .75
Annex D (informative) Triaxial ellipsoid .79
Annex E (informative) Identifiers for coordinate operation methods and parameters .80
E.1 Introduction .80
E.2 Map projection methods .81
E.3 Map projection parameters .81
E.4 Coordinate transformation methods .83
E.5 Coordinate transformation parameters .83
Bibliography .85
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 19162:2017
ISO 19162:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide f
...
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