ISO 2144:1987

Paper and board — Determination of ash

Papiers et cartons — Détermination des cendres

Papir, karton in lepenka - Določanje vsebnosti pepela

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-1987
• Withdrawal Date: 09-Dec-1987
• ICS: 85.060 - Paper and board
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 6/SC 2 - Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 6/SC 2 - Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 17-Dec-1997
• Ref Project: SIST ISO 2144:1995 - Paper and board -- Determination of ash

Relations

• Revised: ISO 2144:1997 - Paper, board and pulps — Determination of residue (ash) on ignition at 900 degrees C
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Revised: SIST ISO 2144:2000 - Paper, board and pulps -- Determination of residue (ash) on ignition at 900 degrees C
• Effective Date: 12-May-2008
• Revises: ISO 2144:1983 - Paper and board — Determination of ash
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

IS0
.-
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
2144
Third edition
1987-1 2-1 5
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
DE NORMALISATION
ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE
MEXAYHAPOAHAR OPTAHM3AuMR no CTAHAAPTM3AuMM
U
Paper and board - Determination of ash
Papiers et cartons - Détermination des cendres
\U
Reference number
IS0 2144 : 1987 (E)

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the IS0 Council. They are approved in accordance with IS0 procedures requiring at
least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting.
International Standard IS0 2144 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6,
Paper, board and pulps.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (IS0 2144 : 19831, subclause
5.3 and clause 8 of which have been revised to amend the temperature of ignition.
Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time
and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its
latest edition, unless otherwise stated.
O International Organization for Standardization, 1987
Printed in Switzerland

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IS0 2144 : 1987 (E)
I N TE R N AT1 ON AL STAN DA R D
Paper and board - Determination of ash
Scope and field of application 3 Definition
1
This International Standard specifies a procedure for the deter- ash: The amount of residue of a material left after incineration
mination of ash of paper and board.
determined and expressed according to the procedure specified
in this International Standard.
For the purposes of this method, papers and boards can be
divided as follows.
L
4 Principle
1.1 Ashless papers and boards (see term 6.4 in IS0 40461,
where the raw materials used in their manufacture have been
Ignition of a test portion placed in a crucible, in a muffle fur-
specially selected and treated to reduce the mineral content to a
nace, until combustion is complete and constant mass is
minimum, or the papers and boards themselves have been so
attained.
treated.
1.2 Other papers and boards to which no loading has been
5 Apparatus
added.
5.1 Crucibles, complete with well-fitting lids, and made
1.3 Papers and boards loaded during manufacture. The
from materials such as platinum, fused alumina, porcelain or
determination of ash, carried out as specified, will usually give
silica which do not change in mass under ignition conditions.
all the information required. If further data are needed about
the nature of the loading material used, a chemical examination
NOTE - As platinum reacts at high temperatures with barium car-
of the ash itself is necessary. (See the annex.)
bonate and zinc compounds, the use of platinum crucibles is to be
avoided when it is suspected that these materials are present in the
sample.
1.4 Papers and boards coated during or after manufacture.
The base paper or board may contain loading, and an ash
determination by this method will give a result representing the
5.2 Balance, accurate to 0,l mg.
total ash from all the mineral matter in and on the paper or
L
board. For most instances of routine examination the result so
5.3 Electric muffle furnace capable of being controlled
obtained will suffice, but occasions may arise when the ash
at 900 f. 25 OC. A gas-fired muffle or a gas burner may be used
from the coating and that from the loading in the paper or
provided it is capable of giving a similar temperature.
board require separate determination. In such instances it is
necessary to ascertain the nature of the adhesive used in order
that a suitable method may be employed to remove the coating
5.4 Desiccator.
from the base paper or board so that separate determinations
can be carried out.
6 Sampling
2 References
Carry out the sampling in accordance with the procedure given
in IS0 186.
IS0 186, Paper and board - Sampling to determine average
quality.
IS0 187, Paper and board - Conditioning of samples.
7 Preparation of test piece
IS0 287, Paper and board - Determination of moisture con-
The test piece shall consist of a number of small portions, of
tent - Oven-drying method.
total mass not less than 1 g, or sufficient to give an ash of not
less than 10 mg, taken from various parts of the sample in such
IS0 4046, Paper, board, pulp and related terms - Vocabulary.
a manner as to be thoroughly representative of it.
1

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
IS0 2144 : 1987 (E)
NOTES
In the case of ashless paper or board where the mineral content
is extremely low, take sufficient paper or board to give an ash
1 In the case of ashless papers or boards, it may be advisable to ignite
of not less than 2 mg.
successive small portions at low temperature in the same covered
crucible in order to reduce the bulk and finally to ignite the whole to
It is not necessary to condition the test piece, unless the result
constant mass. A small platinum crucible shall always be used in order
to minimize any effect that slight errors in the mass of the crucible
is required on
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 2144:1995
01-junij-1995
3DSLUNDUWRQLQOHSHQND'RORþDQMHYVHEQRVWLSHSHOD
Paper and board -- Determination of ash
Papiers et cartons -- Détermination des cendres
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 2144:1987
ICS:
85.060 Papir, karton in lepenka Paper and board
SIST ISO 2144:1995 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST ISO 2144:1995

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST ISO 2144:1995
IS0
.-
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
2144
Third edition
1987-1 2-1 5
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
DE NORMALISATION
ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE
MEXAYHAPOAHAR OPTAHM3AuMR no CTAHAAPTM3AuMM
U
Paper and board - Determination of ash
Papiers et cartons - Détermination des cendres
\U
Reference number
IS0 2144 : 1987 (E)

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST ISO 2144:1995
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the IS0 Council. They are approved in accordance with IS0 procedures requiring at
least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting.
International Standard IS0 2144 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6,
Paper, board and pulps.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (IS0 2144 : 19831, subclause
5.3 and clause 8 of which have been revised to amend the temperature of ignition.
Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time
and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its
latest edition, unless otherwise stated.
O International Organization for Standardization, 1987
Printed in Switzerland

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST ISO 2144:1995
IS0 2144 : 1987 (E)
I N TE R N AT1 ON AL STAN DA R D
Paper and board - Determination of ash
Scope and field of application 3 Definition
1
This International Standard specifies a procedure for the deter- ash: The amount of residue of a material left after incineration
mination of ash of paper and board.
determined and expressed according to the procedure specified
in this International Standard.
For the purposes of this method, papers and boards can be
divided as follows.
L
4 Principle
1.1 Ashless papers and boards (see term 6.4 in IS0 40461,
where the raw materials used in their manufacture have been
Ignition of a test portion placed in a crucible, in a muffle fur-
specially selected and treated to reduce the mineral content to a
nace, until combustion is complete and constant mass is
minimum, or the papers and boards themselves have been so
attained.
treated.
1.2 Other papers and boards to which no loading has been
5 Apparatus
added.
5.1 Crucibles, complete with well-fitting lids, and made
1.3 Papers and boards loaded during manufacture. The
from materials such as platinum, fused alumina, porcelain or
determination of ash, carried out as specified, will usually give
silica which do not change in mass under ignition conditions.
all the information required. If further data are needed about
the nature of the loading material used, a chemical examination
NOTE - As platinum reacts at high temperatures with barium car-
of the ash itself is necessary. (See the annex.)
bonate and zinc compounds, the use of platinum crucibles is to be
avoided when it is suspected that these materials are present in the
sample.
1.4 Papers and boards coated during or after manufacture.
The base paper or board may contain loading, and an ash
determination by this method will give a result representing the
5.2 Balance, accurate to 0,l mg.
total ash from all the mineral matter in and on the paper or
L
board. For most instances of routine examination the result so
5.3 Electric muffle furnace capable of being controlled
obtained will suffice, but occasions may arise when the ash
at 900 f. 25 OC. A gas-fired muffle or a gas burner may be used
from the coating and that from the loading in the paper or
provided it is capable of giving a similar temperature.
board require separate determination. In such instances it is
necessary to ascertain the nature of the adhesive used in order
that a suitable method may be employed to remove the coating
5.4 Desiccator.
from the base paper or board so that separate determinations
can be carried out.
6 Sampling
2 References
Carry out the sampling in accordance with the procedure given
in IS0 186.
IS0 186, Paper and board - Sampling to determine average
quality.
IS0 187, Paper and board - Conditioning of samples.
7 Preparation of test piece
IS0 287, Paper and board - Determination of moisture con-
The test piece shall consist of a number of small portions, of
tent - Oven-drying method.
total mass not less than 1 g, or sufficient to give an ash of not
less than 10 mg, taken from various parts of the sample in such
IS0 4046, Paper, board, pulp and related terms - Vocabulary.
a manner as to be thoroughly representative of it.
1

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST ISO 2144:1995
IS0 2144 : 1987 (E)
NOTES
In the case of ashless paper or board where the mineral content
is extremely low, take sufficient paper or bo
...

IS0
NORME INTERNATIONALE
Troisième édition
1987-12-1 5
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
MEXjJYHAPOjJHAR OPrAHM3AukiFi no CTAHAAPTMJAuMM
Papiers et cartons - Détermination des cendres
Paper and board - Determination of ash
Numéro de référence
IS0 2144 : 1987 (F)

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale
d’organismes nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de I’ISO). L’élaboration
des Normes internationales est normalement confiée aux comités techniques de I’ISO.
Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du comité
technique correspondant. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec I’ISO participent également aux travaux.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis
aux comités membres pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme Normes inter-
nationales par le Conseil de I‘ISO. Les Normes internationales sont approuvées confor-
mément aux procédures de 1‘1Ç0 qui requièrent l’approbation de 75 % au moins des
comités membres votants.
La Norme internationale IS0 2144 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 6,
Papiers, cartons et pâtes.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition (IS0 2144 : 19û3), dont
le paragraphe 5.3 et le chapitre 8 ont fait l‘objet d’une révision en ce qui concerne la
température d’incinération.
L‘attention des utilisateurs est attirée sur le fait que toutes les Normes internationales
sont de temps en temps soumises à révision et que toute référence faite à une autre
Norme internationale dans le présent document implique qu’il s‘agit, sauf indication
contraire, de la dernière édition.
0 Organisation internationale de normalisation, 1987 0
imprimé en Suisse

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IS02144 : 1987 IF)
NO R M E I N TE R N AT1 ON AL E
Papiers et cartons - Détermination des cendres
3 Définition
1 Objet et domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale spécifie une méthode de
cendres: Quantité de résidu laissé par une matière après inci-
détermination des cendres des papiers et cartons.
nération, déterminée et exprimée conformément aux prescrip-
tions de la présente Norme internationale.
Dans le cadre de cette méthode, les papiers et cartons peuvent
être divisés comme suit.
L.
4 Principe
1.1 Papiers et cartons sans cendre (voir terme 6.4 dans
I'ISO 40461, pour lesquels les matières premières utilisées pour
Incinération d'une prise d'essai placée dans un creuset, dans un
leur fabrication ont été spécialement choisies et traitées en vue
four à moufle jusqu'à Combustion totale et obtention d'une
de réduire la teneur en matières minérales au minimum, ou lors-
masse constante.
que les papiers et cartons eux-mêmes ont été traités dans le
même but.
5 Appareillage
Autres papiers et cartons dans lesquels aucune charge
1.2
n'a été ajoutée.
5.1 Creusets, munis de couvercles s'adaptant bien, fabri-
qués avec des matières telles que le platine, l'alumine fondue, la
1.3 Papiers et cartons chargés en cours de fabrication. La
porcelaine ou la silice, qui ne changent pas de masse dans les
détermination des cendres, effectuées selon la méthode spéci-
conditions d'incinération.
fiée, donne, en règle générale, toutes les informations néces-
saires. Si des données complémentaires sont nécessaires sur la
NOTE - Le platine réagissant aux hautes températures avec le carbo-
nature des matières de charges utilisées, il est nécessaire
nate de baryum et les composés du zinc, il faut éviter l'utilisation de
d'effectuer une analyse chimique des charges elles-mêmes.
capsules de platine s'il est supposé que ces matières sont présentes
(Voir l'annexe.)
dans l'échantillon.
1.4 Papiers et cartons couchés pendant ou après la fabrica-
Balance, précise à 0,1 mg.
5.2
tion. Le papier ou carton support peut contenir des charges, et
-
une détermination des cendres selon cette méthode donne des
5.3 Four à moufle électrique, réglable à 900 I 25 OC. iln
résultats représentant les cendres totales en provenance de
moufle à gaz ou un brûleur à gaz peut être utilisé pour autant
toutes les matières minérales présentes dans et sur le papier ou
qu'ils soient capables d'assurer une température similaire.
le carton. Dans la plupart des examens de routine, les résultats
ainsi obtenus suffisent, mais des cas peuvent se présenter, qui
nécessitent une détermination distincte des cendres de la cou-
5.4 Dessiccateur.
che et des charges. Dans de tels cas, il est nécessaire de con-
naître la nature de l'adhésif utilisé, en vue d'employer le moyen
convenable pour ôter la couche du support, ceci en vue d'effec-
6 Échantillonnage
tuer des déterminations séparées.
Effectuer l'échantillonnage conformément aux prescriptions de
I'ISO 186.
2 Références
IS0 186, Papier et carton - Échantillonnage pour déterminer la
qualité mo yenne.
7 Préparation de l'éprouvette
IS0 187, Papier et carton - Conditionnement des échantillons.
L'éprouvette doit être constituée par un certain nombre de peti-
tes portions, de masse totale au moins égale à 1 g, ou suffisan-
IS0 287, Papier et carton - Détermination de l'humidité -
tes pour donner une quantité de cendres au moins égale à
Méthode par séchage à l'étuve.
10 mg, prélevées en divers endroits de l'échantillon, de telle
IS0 4046, Papier, carton, pâtes et termes connexes - Vocabu-
facon qu'elles soient effectivement représentatives de ce der-
laire.
nier.
1

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IS0 2144 : 1987 (FI
NOTES
Dansle cas de papier ou carton sans cendre, lorsque la teneur
en matières minérales est extrêmement faible, prélever une
1 Dans le cas de papier ou carton sans cendre, il peut être judicieux
quantité suffisante de papier ou carton pour donner une quan-
d‘incinérer successivement de petites portions à basse température
tité de cendres au moins égale à 2 mg.
dans le même creuset couvert, afin de réduire le volume, et finalement
d‘incinérer le tout jusqu‘à masse constante. Un petit creuset en platine
II n‘est pas nécessaire de conditionner l‘éprouvette à moins que
doit toujours être utilisé, en vue de réduire l’influence que de petites
les résultats ne soient exigés sur sec à l’air, au
...