ISO 10597:2012

Road vehicles - Flat attachment fixing nuts for commercial vehicles - Test methods

This International Standard specifies test methods and performance requirements for ensuring proper wheel or rim assembly on road vehicles by means of hexagonal nuts with a flat seating captive washer used with 18 mm, 20 mm and 22 mm studs. It is applicable to commercial vehicles as defined in ISO 3833 and to those nuts as specified in ISO 7575. It is not applicable to fasteners for less common or special applications.

Véhicules routiers — Écrous de fixation des roues à attache plate pour véhicules utilitaires — Méthodes d'essai

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 01-Mar-2012
• ICS: 43.040.50 - Transmissions, suspensions
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 33 - Vehicle dynamics and chassis components
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 33/WG 5 - Wheels
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 27-Sep-2024
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Revises: ISO 10597:2004 - Road vehicles - Flat attachment fixing nuts for commercial vehicles - Test methods
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2011

Overview

ISO 10597:2012 - Road vehicles - Flat attachment fixing nuts for commercial vehicles - Test methods - specifies test methods and performance requirements to ensure correct wheel or rim assembly using hexagonal nuts with a flat seating captive washer on 18 mm, 20 mm and 22 mm studs. Applicable to commercial vehicles as defined in ISO 3833 and to nuts dimensioned in ISO 7575, it defines proof-load, torque/tension and retorque tests and associated acceptance/rejection criteria for production-capable fasteners (not for uncommon or special fastener applications).

Key topics and requirements

• Scope: applies to flat-attachment wheel fixing nuts for commercial vehicles, used with M18 × 1.5, M20 × 1.5 and M22 × 1.5 studs.
• Proof-load (nut body) test:
  • Three loadings at 0.6 × proof load F, then one loading at 1 × F held for 15 s.
  • Proof load values (F):
    • M18 × 1.5 - 235 kN
    • M20 × 1.5 - 295 kN
    • M22 × 1.5 - 360 kN
  • After unloading, permanent nut height deformation (ΔH) must not exceed 0.13 mm.
  • Thread go/no‑go gauge checks; rejection for cracks per ISO 6157-2.
• Torque/tension - Clamping force test:
  • Measures tightening torque versus bolt tension using production-representative parts and test bolts.
  • Tightening rotational speed: 2–10 r/min; washer reaction face secured against rotation.
  • Test torques and tensions (initial → final):
    • M18: initial 250 N·m (min tension 80 kN) → final 420 N·m (max tension 225 kN)
    • M20: initial 339 N·m (min 100 kN) → final 610 N·m (max 295 kN)
    • M22: initial 500 N·m (min 133 kN) → final 700 N·m (max 310 kN)
  • Rejection criteria include inability to reach or exceeding specified tensions, thread stripping, visible cracks, or inability to withstand final torque.
  • If bolt threads are damaged, the test is discarded; hardened mandrels can be used to determine failure source.
• Torque/tension - Retorque test:
  • Retorque to the final torque five times; rejection includes same criteria as clamping test and a ≥30% drop in tension between initial and fifth retorque.
• Lubrication: if lubricant is required, its specification, treated surfaces and reapplication frequency must be recorded; coefficient of friction should represent production.

Applications and users

• Who uses ISO 10597:
  • Wheel and rim manufacturers, commercial vehicle OEMs, fastener suppliers, test laboratories, quality and design engineers, maintenance and safety auditors.
• Practical uses:
  • Verifying wheel nut assemblies for safe clamping force and durability.
  • Establishing production acceptance tests and supplier quality control.
  • Supporting type approval, maintenance procedures and failure analysis for commercial vehicle wheel fastening systems.

Related standards

• ISO 7575 - Flat attachment wheel fixing nuts (dimensional standard)
• ISO 6157-2 - Surface discontinuities - Nuts (inspection/rejection criteria)
• ISO 3833 - Road vehicles - Types - Terms and definitions
• Additional references in ISO 10597 bibliography include ISO 898-6, ISO 3894, ISO 3911, ISO 4107.

Keywords: ISO 10597, flat attachment fixing nuts, wheel fasteners, proof load test, torque/tension, retorque, commercial vehicles, wheel nut test methods.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10597
Third edition
2012-03-01
Road vehicles — Flat attachment fixing
nuts for commercial vehicles — Test
methods
Véhicules routiers — Écrous de fixation des roues à attache plate pour
véhicules utilitaires — Méthodes d’essai
Reference number
©
ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Test method for nut body . 1
3.1 Proof load test procedure . 1
3.2 Rejection criteria . 3
4 Nut assembly test methods . 4
4.1 Torque/tension — Clamping force . 4
4.2 Torque/tension — Retorque . 5
Bibliography . 6
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10597 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 19, Wheels.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 10597:2004), of which this constitutes a
minor revision.
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This International Standard was developed to provide test methods for evaluating flat attachment fixing nuts for
use as wheel fasteners. The test methods are based on the needs of the wheel in order to function properly.
These fasteners were first standardized dimensionally in ISO 7575 and this International Standard extends this
standardization.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10597:2012(E)
Road vehicles — Flat attachment fixing nuts for commercial
vehicles — Test methods
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies test methods and performance requirements for ensuring proper wheel or
rim assembly on road vehicles by means of hexagonal nuts with a flat seating captive washer used with 18 mm,
20 mm and 22 mm studs. It is applicable to commercial vehicles as defined in ISO 3833 and to those nuts as
specified in ISO 7575. It is not applicable to fasteners for less common or special applications.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6157-2, Fasteners — Surface discontinuities — Part 2: Nuts
3 Test method for nut body
3.1 Proof load test procedure
Use only fully processed nut assemblies with required corrosion protection which are production parts intended
for the vehicle.
Measure the initial height of the nut, H, before beginning the proof load/compression test.
Load the nut on a threaded fixture or bolt as shown in Figure 1 or 2. The complete nut assembly shall be loaded
axially through the threads three times to a load of 0,6 × proof load (F).
Measure the final height of the nut, H.
After three loadings, apply a fourth loading of
...