ISO/TR 23211:2009

Hydrometry — Measuring the water level in a well using automated pressure transducer methods

ISO/TR 23211:2009 provides information about the functional requirements of instrumentation for measuring the water level in a well using automated pressure transducer methods. ISO/TR 23211:2009 provides guidance for the proper selection, installation and operation of submersible pressure transducers and data loggers for the collection of hydrologic data, primarily for the collection of water-level data from wells. Basic principles, measurement needs and considerations for operating submersible pressure transducers are described and the systematic errors inherent in their use are discussed. Standard operational procedures for data collection and data processing, as well as applications of transducers for specific types of hydrologic investigations are included. Basic concepts regarding the physics of pressure and the mechanics of measuring pressure are presented, along with information on the electronics used to make and record these measurements. Guidelines for transducer calibration, proper use and quality assurance of data also are presented. Ground water field applications of pressure transducer systems are discussed, as are common problems that may corrupt data, along with suggestions for field repairs. An informative annex provides guidance on the types of pressure transducers commonly used for water-level measurement and the measurement uncertainty associated with them.

Hydrométrie — Méthodes automatisées, utilisant des transducteurs de pression, pour mesurer le niveau d'eau dans un puits

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-Jun-2009
• ICS: 07.060 - Geology. Meteorology. Hydrology
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 113/SC 8 - Ground water
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 113/SC 8 - Ground water

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 23211
First edition
2009-07-01
Hydrometry — Measuring the water level
in a well using automated pressure
transducer methods
Hydrométrie — Méthodes automatisées, utilisant des transducteurs de
pression, pour mesurer le niveau d'eau dans un puits

Reference number
©
ISO 2009
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Applications of the use of pressure transducers to ground-water resource investigations .1
4.1 Ground-water monitoring .1
4.2 Long-term monitoring.2
4.3 Short-term monitoring .4
4.4 Reducing well-bore storage .4
5 Planning considerations for sensor systems.8
5.1 General .8
5.2 Study duration and system reliability .8
5.3 Required accuracy .8
5.4 Installation location and site accessibility.9
5.5 System components and compatibility.9
5.6 Water quality .9
5.7 Number of wells.9
5.8 Well location, diameter and depth .10
5.9 Data-collection frequency.10
5.10 Data transfer .11
5.11 Cost.11
6 Assembly, calibration and testing .11
6.1 General .11
6.2 Familiarization with transducer performance.11
6.3 Linear transducer calibration.13
6.4 Sources of error in linear calibrations .14
6.5 Temperature-corrected transducer calibration .14
7 Installation.16
7.1 General .16
7.2 Care and handling .17
7.3 Shelter.18
7.4 Power requirements .19
7.5 Hanging transducers in wells .20
7.6 Measuring system drift .22
7.7 Desiccation systems .23
7.8 Transducer field calibration .23
7.9 Optimizing measurement-system performance.26
8 Data collection .27
8.1 General .27
8.2 Frequency of visits.27
8.3 Field checks .27
8.4 Data recording and retrieval.28
8.5 Verification .30
8.6 Use with data loggers .30
8.7 Field documentation .30
8.8 Maintenance.30
9 Data processing.31
9.1 General.31
9.2 Adjustments .31
9.3 Documentation.31
Annex A (informative) Pressure transducers — Characterization, common problems and
solutions .33
A.1 Pressure transducer characterization .33
A.1.1 General.33
A.1.2 Types of pressure measurements .33
A.1.3 Common pressure units used in hydrology .34
A.1.4 Basic types of transducers for measuring pressure .35
A.1.5 Understanding pressure-transducer specifications .47
A.2 Common problems and solutions.53
A.2.1 General.53
A.2.2 Leakage.53
A.2.3 Open and short circuits .55
A.2.4 Grounding problems .56
A.2.5 Diaphragm failure .56
A.2.6 Power-supply failure .56
A.2.7 Data logger channel failure.56
A.2.8 Voltage surges .57
A.2.9 Faulty shielding.57
A.2.10 Over-range problems .57
Bibliography .58

iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 23211 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 113, Hydrometry, Subcommittee SC 8, Ground
water.
[8]
This Technical Report is based on, and much of the material is from, Freeman and others . It complements
ISO 4373, Hydrometry — Water level measuring devices.
Introduction
Submersible
...