ISO 10418:2019
(Main)Petroleum and natural gas industries — Offshore production installations — Process safety systems
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Offshore production installations — Process safety systems
This document provides objectives, functional requirements and guidelines for techniques for the analysis and design of surface process safety systems for offshore installations used for the recovery of hydrocarbon resources. It also provides recommendations and requirements on support systems which complement the process safety systems in reducing risk. NOTE These are not intended to be exhaustive. The scope of this document is limited to specifying the methods by which the asset is protected against loss of containment of hydrocarbon or other hazardous materials. This document is applicable to a) fixed offshore structures, and b) floating offshore production installations for the petroleum and natural gas industries. This document is not applicable to mobile offshore units and subsea installations. NOTE Nevertheless, many of the principles contained in this document can be used as guidance.
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Plates-formes de production en mer — Systèmes de sécurité des procédés
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10418
Third edition
2019-05
Petroleum and natural gas
industries — Offshore production
installations — Process safety systems
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Plates-formes de production
en mer — Systèmes de sécurité des procédés
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 5
4 Symbols and identification for protection devices . 5
4.1 Objectives. 5
4.2 Functional requirements . 6
5 Safety analysis concepts . 6
5.1 Objectives. 6
5.2 General functional requirements . 6
5.3 Functional requirements for analysis using structured review techniques . 7
6 Process safety system design . 8
6.1 Objectives. 8
6.2 Functional requirements . 8
Annex A (informative) Support systems .12
Annex B (informative) Toxic gases .15
Bibliography .17
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore
structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 6, Processing
equipment and systems.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 10418:2003), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 10418:2003/Cor.1:2008. The main changes
compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— safety analysis tables (SATs) and safety analysis checklists (SACs), which previously were reproduced
from API RP 14C, have been deleted and replaced by references to the analysis methods included in
API RP 14C;
— simplification of annexes to avoid duplication of API RP 14C content.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Effective management systems are required to address health and safety aspects of activities
undertaken by companies associated with offshore recovery of hydrocarbons. These management
systems are applied to each stage in the lifecycle of an installation and to related activities.
One key aspect of effective management systems is a systematic approach of identification of hazards
and the assessment of the risk, in order to aid decision-making on the need for risk-reduction measures.
Selection of risk-reduction measures entails the use of sound engineering judgement informed
by recognition of the particular circumstances, which can prompt variation to past practices and
previously applied codes and standards.
Risk reduction measures include those to minimize and eliminate hazards by design (i.e. use of
inherently safer designs), to prevent incidents (i.e. reducing the probability of occurrences), to control
incidents (i.e. limit the scale, intensity and duration of a hazardous event), and to mitigate effects (i.e.
reducing the consequences).
Extent of hazard identification and risk assessment activities will vary depending on the stage in the
installation lifecycle, as well as process conditions, degree of standardization, complexity, number of
persons on board and the installation’s overall estimated level of risk.
For installations in the early design phases, the evaluations will necessarily be less detailed than those
undertaken during later design phases. Design assumptions developed during these early stages are
normally verified before the installation becomes operational.
Process safety systems are provided to prevent, detect, control or mitigate undesirable events in
process equipment.
This document sets out three options for identifying appropriate process safety systems. The first
option is to adopt the prescriptive approach specified in API RP 14C. The second approach is to use
structured review techniques to identify hazards and evaluate risk, with process safety systems being
provided based on the results of this more specific analysis. The third option is to use a combination
of the first two. The use of the structured review techniques is likely to be of benefit for more complex,
novel or higher hazards systems.
Figure 1 illustrates the relationship of this document to other documents that play a key role in designing
offshore process safety systems. Under the overarching risk management principles of ISO 31000,
ISO 17776 provides a framework for managing major accident hazards throughout the facility lifecycle.
This document provides requirements and guidelines for process safety systems with more detailed
and specific guidance and requirements for particular elements provided in other documents, most
notably ISO 13702, ISO 23251 and the IEC 61511 series.
The approach described in this document is intended to be applied in an iterative way. As the design
proceeds, hazards that are introduced or changed are systematically identified and the need for
additional risk-reduction measures evaluated.
This document has been prepared primarily to assist in the development of new installations. It is not
always appropriate to apply certain requirements to an existing installation. During the planning of a
major modification to an installation, there can be greater opportunity to implement the requirements.
NOTE The lines between the standards illustrate the main relationships.
Figure 1 — Relationship between offshore-relevant standards
vi © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10418:2019(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Offshore
production installations — Process safety systems
1 Scope
This document provides objectives, functional requirements and guidelines for techniques for the
analysis and design of surface process safety systems for offshore installations used for the recovery of
hydrocarbon resources.
It also provides recommendations and requirements on support systems which complement the process
safety systems in reducing risk.
NOTE These are not intended to be exhaustive.
The scope of this document is limited to specifying the methods by which the asset is protected against
loss of containment of hydrocarbon or other hazardous materials.
This document is applicable to
a) fixed offshore structures, and
b) floating offshore production installations
for the petroleum and natural gas industries.
This document is not applicable to mobile offshore units and subsea installations.
NOTE Nevertheless, many of the principles contained in this document can be used as guidance.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13702, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on
offshore production installations — Requirements and guidelines
IEC 61511 (all parts), Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
API RP 14C, Analysis, Design, Installation, and Testing of Safety Systems for Offshore Production Facilities
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
abnormal operating condition
condition which occurs in a process component (3.1.21) when an operating variable ranges outside of its
normal operating limits
3.1.2
alarm
audible and/or visible means of indicating to the operator an equipment malfunction, process deviation,
or abnormal condition requiring a timely response
[SOURCE: IEC 62682:2014, 3.1.7]
3.1.3
blowdown
emergency depressuring
system discharging gas to flare or other disposal system
3.1.4
containment
situation in which the hazardous material is held safely in a pressurized system
3.1.5
control
limiting the extent or duration of a hazardous event
3.1.6
ESD system
emergency shutdown system
system, activated by automatic or
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10418
Third edition
2019-05
Petroleum and natural gas
industries — Offshore production
installations — Process safety systems
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Plates-formes de production
en mer — Systèmes de sécurité des procédés
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 5
4 Symbols and identification for protection devices . 5
4.1 Objectives. 5
4.2 Functional requirements . 6
5 Safety analysis concepts . 6
5.1 Objectives. 6
5.2 General functional requirements . 6
5.3 Functional requirements for analysis using structured review techniques . 7
6 Process safety system design . 8
6.1 Objectives. 8
6.2 Functional requirements . 8
Annex A (informative) Support systems .12
Annex B (informative) Toxic gases .15
Bibliography .17
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore
structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 6, Processing
equipment and systems.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 10418:2003), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 10418:2003/Cor.1:2008. The main changes
compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— safety analysis tables (SATs) and safety analysis checklists (SACs), which previously were reproduced
from API RP 14C, have been deleted and replaced by references to the analysis methods included in
API RP 14C;
— simplification of annexes to avoid duplication of API RP 14C content.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Effective management systems are required to address health and safety aspects of activities
undertaken by companies associated with offshore recovery of hydrocarbons. These management
systems are applied to each stage in the lifecycle of an installation and to related activities.
One key aspect of effective management systems is a systematic approach of identification of hazards
and the assessment of the risk, in order to aid decision-making on the need for risk-reduction measures.
Selection of risk-reduction measures entails the use of sound engineering judgement informed
by recognition of the particular circumstances, which can prompt variation to past practices and
previously applied codes and standards.
Risk reduction measures include those to minimize and eliminate hazards by design (i.e. use of
inherently safer designs), to prevent incidents (i.e. reducing the probability of occurrences), to control
incidents (i.e. limit the scale, intensity and duration of a hazardous event), and to mitigate effects (i.e.
reducing the consequences).
Extent of hazard identification and risk assessment activities will vary depending on the stage in the
installation lifecycle, as well as process conditions, degree of standardization, complexity, number of
persons on board and the installation’s overall estimated level of risk.
For installations in the early design phases, the evaluations will necessarily be less detailed than those
undertaken during later design phases. Design assumptions developed during these early stages are
normally verified before the installation becomes operational.
Process safety systems are provided to prevent, detect, control or mitigate undesirable events in
process equipment.
This document sets out three options for identifying appropriate process safety systems. The first
option is to adopt the prescriptive approach specified in API RP 14C. The second approach is to use
structured review techniques to identify hazards and evaluate risk, with process safety systems being
provided based on the results of this more specific analysis. The third option is to use a combination
of the first two. The use of the structured review techniques is likely to be of benefit for more complex,
novel or higher hazards systems.
Figure 1 illustrates the relationship of this document to other documents that play a key role in designing
offshore process safety systems. Under the overarching risk management principles of ISO 31000,
ISO 17776 provides a framework for managing major accident hazards throughout the facility lifecycle.
This document provides requirements and guidelines for process safety systems with more detailed
and specific guidance and requirements for particular elements provided in other documents, most
notably ISO 13702, ISO 23251 and the IEC 61511 series.
The approach described in this document is intended to be applied in an iterative way. As the design
proceeds, hazards that are introduced or changed are systematically identified and the need for
additional risk-reduction measures evaluated.
This document has been prepared primarily to assist in the development of new installations. It is not
always appropriate to apply certain requirements to an existing installation. During the planning of a
major modification to an installation, there can be greater opportunity to implement the requirements.
NOTE The lines between the standards illustrate the main relationships.
Figure 1 — Relationship between offshore-relevant standards
vi © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10418:2019(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Offshore
production installations — Process safety systems
1 Scope
This document provides objectives, functional requirements and guidelines for techniques for the
analysis and design of surface process safety systems for offshore installations used for the recovery of
hydrocarbon resources.
It also provides recommendations and requirements on support systems which complement the process
safety systems in reducing risk.
NOTE These are not intended to be exhaustive.
The scope of this document is limited to specifying the methods by which the asset is protected against
loss of containment of hydrocarbon or other hazardous materials.
This document is applicable to
a) fixed offshore structures, and
b) floating offshore production installations
for the petroleum and natural gas industries.
This document is not applicable to mobile offshore units and subsea installations.
NOTE Nevertheless, many of the principles contained in this document can be used as guidance.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13702, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on
offshore production installations — Requirements and guidelines
IEC 61511 (all parts), Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector
API RP 14C, Analysis, Design, Installation, and Testing of Safety Systems for Offshore Production Facilities
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
abnormal operating condition
condition which occurs in a process component (3.1.21) when an operating variable ranges outside of its
normal operating limits
3.1.2
alarm
audible and/or visible means of indicating to the operator an equipment malfunction, process deviation,
or abnormal condition requiring a timely response
[SOURCE: IEC 62682:2014, 3.1.7]
3.1.3
blowdown
emergency depressuring
system discharging gas to flare or other disposal system
3.1.4
containment
situation in which the hazardous material is held safely in a pressurized system
3.1.5
control
limiting the extent or duration of a hazardous event
3.1.6
ESD system
emergency shutdown system
system, activated by automatic or
...
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