ISO 24495-1
(Main)Plain language — Part 1: Governing principles and guidelines
Plain language — Part 1: Governing principles and guidelines
Langage clair et simple — Partie 1: Principes directeurs et lignes directrices
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FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 24495-1
ISO/TC 37
Plain language —
Secretariat: SAC
Voting begins on:
Part 1:
2023-02-22
Governing principles and guidelines
Voting terminates on:
2023-04-19
Langage clair et simple —
Partie 1: Principes directeurs et lignes directrices
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BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 24495-1
ISO/TC 37
Plain language —
Secretariat: SAC
Voting begins on:
Part 1:
Governing principles and guidelines
Voting terminates on:
Langage clair et simple —
Partie 1: Principes directeurs et lignes directrices
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© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
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OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
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DOCUMENTATION.
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IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: copyright@iso.org
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Governing principles ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5 Guidelines .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1 Guidelines for Principle 1: Readers get what they need (relevant) .......................................................... 3
5.1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1.2 Identify the readers ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1.3 Identify the readers’ purpose ................................................................................................................................. 4
5.1.4 Identify the context in which readers will read the document................................................. 4
5.1.5 Select the document type or types ..................................................................................................................... 4
5.1.6 Select content that readers need .......................................................................................................................... 4
5.2 Guidelines for Principle 2: Readers can easily find what they need (findable) ............................. 5
5.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.2.2 Structure the document for readers ................................................................................................................. 5
5.2.3 Use information design techniques that enable readers to find information .............. 5
5.2.4 Use headings to help readers predict what comes next .................................................................. 6
5.2.5 Keep supplementary information separate ............................................................................................... 6
5.3 Guidelines for Principle 3: Readers can easily understand what they find(understandable) .................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
5.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.3.2 Choose familiar words .................................................................................................................................................. 6
5.3.3 Write clear sentences ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.3.4 Write concise sentences ............................................................................................................................................... 8
5.3.5 Write clear and concise paragraphs ................................................................................................................. 8
5.3.6 Consider including images and multimedia ............................................................................................... 8
5.3.7 Project a respectful tone ............................................................................................................................................. 8
5.3.8 Ensure that the document is cohesive ............................................................................................................ 9
5.4 Guidelines for Principle 4: Readers can easily use the information (usable).................................. 9
5.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.4.2 Evaluate the document continually as it is developed ...................................................................... 9
5.4.3 Evaluate the document further with readers ........................................................................................... 9
5.4.4 Continue to evaluate readers’ use of the document ......................................................................... 10
Annex A (informative) Overview of principles and guidelines ............................................................................................11
Annex B (informative) Sample checklist ......................................................................................................................................................12
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................14
iii© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Language and terminology.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
Introduction
Plain language is communication that puts readers first. It considers:
— what readers want and need to know;
— readers’ level of interest, expertise and literacy skills;
— the context in which readers will use the document.
Plain language ensures readers can find what they need, understand it and use it. Thus, plain language
focuses on how successfully readers can use the document rather than on mechanical measures such as
readability formulas.Extensive studies have shown that writing in plain language saves time or money (or both) for readers
and organizations. Plain language is more effective and produces better outcomes. In addition, readers
prefer plain language. For organizations, plain language is an important way to build trust with the
readers. Finally, the process of translating is more efficient for plain language documents than for
documents that are difficult to understand.This document will help authors develop documents that communicate effectively with their intended
readers. It applies to most written languages and reflects the most recent research on plain language
and the experience of plain language experts. See Reference [3] for research on plain language.
Plain language is not to be confused with easy language. Plain language can be used for a general
audience, while easy language is used for people who have difficulties with reading comprehension.
These difficulties can be caused by health conditions, not being fluent in the given language or other
reasons.© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
Plain language —
Part 1:
Governing principles and guidelines
1 Scope
This document establishes governing principles and guidelines for developing plain language
documents. The guidelines detail how the principles are interpreted and applied.This document is for anybody who creates or helps create documents. The widest use of plain language
is for documents that are intended for the general public, but it is also applicable, for example, to
technical writing, legislative drafting or using controlled languages.This document applies to most, if not all, written languages, but it provides examples only in English.
While this document covers the essential elements of plain language, it has some intentional limits, as
follows:— It does not cover all types of communication. It applies only to printed or digital information that is
primarily in the form of text.NOTE 1 However, creators of other types of communications, such as podcasts and videos, can find this
document useful.— It does not include existing technical guidance about accessibility and digital documents, although
the guidance can apply to both.NOTE 2 For guidance on accessibility, authors of digital documents can consider the Web Content
[4] [2]Accessibility Guidelines and EN 301 549 .
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
plain language
communication in which wording, structure and design are so clear that intended readers (3.2) can
easily— find what they need,
— understand what they find, and
— use that information
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
[3]
[SOURCE: International Plain Language Federation ]
3.2
reader
member of the intended audience for a document (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: While the word “reader” is historically rooted in the verb “to read”, all intended audience
members do not necessarily “read” documents. For the purposes of this document, the term “reader” includes the
following:— Everyone who uses a document, whether they view it, hear it, touch it or a combination.
— Someone who will skim or scan a document, looking only for particular information.
— Someone to whom a document is read, whether by a person or a device.Note 2 to entry: There can be several different audiences for the same document. For example, the primary
audience of an income tax form is the taxpayer, and the secondary audience is the tax agency. If the needs of
different readers conflict, then the needs of the primary audience have priority.
3.3document
set of printed or digital information, primarily in the form of text
EXAMPLE Audio description, email, error message, contract, form, podcast script, video manuscript,
webpage.3.4
author
individual or organization who develops or helps develop documents (3.3)
EXAMPLE Content developers or managers, editors, information architects or designers, information
developers or managers, legislative drafters, professional writers, public relations officers, technical writers,
translators, UX (user experience) writers, writing project managers.3.5
document type
class of documents (3.3) having similar characteristics
EXAMPLE Email, webpage, postal letter, instruction manual, newspaper article, form.
[SOURCE: ISO 8879:1986, 4.102, modified — The list of examples has been modified and separated from
the text of the definition.]3.6
image
visual representation of information
EXAMPLE Chart, diagram, drawing, flowchart, graph, icon, infographic, map, picture, photograph, table.
3.7information design
visual integration of text, typography, images (3.6) and multimedia to help readers (3.2) find, understand
and use informationNote 1 to entry: Information design makes the structure and content visual.
3.8
evaluation
assessment of how well readers (3.2) find, understand and use information
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
4 Governing principles
The four governing principles are as follows:
— Principle 1: Readers get what they need (relevant).
— Principle 2: Readers can easily find what they need (findable).
— Principle 3: Readers can easily understand what they find (understandable).
— Principle 4: Readers can easily use the information (usable).
These principles rest on the premise that a document will be usable if the information in it is relevant,
findable and understandable (see Figure 1).Figure 1 — Relationship of the four principles
From the perspective of authors, following the guidelines under the first three principles will make
it likely that readers can use a document. But the only way to ensure that is to evaluate the document
continually by applying the guidelines of Principle 4. As a result, this document does not describe a
sequential process, because the four principles are interdependent and influence each other. Applying
them all together is crucial for developing plain language documents.Annex A provides a visual overview of the principles and guidelines. Annex B provides a checklist to
help authors apply this document.5 Guidelines
5.1 Guidelines for Principle 1: Readers get what they need (relevant)
5.1.1 Overview
This principle focuses on what authors should do before they start drafting. Understanding the readers
of a document and their needs is essential to creating a document in plain language. Authors should
select the document type and content that fits their readers’ needs, purpose and context.
5.1.2 Identify the readersAuthors should identify who their readers are and consider the readers’ characteristics, including their
literacy and language skills, cultural backgrounds and subject-matter knowledge.© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
Characteristics also include readers’ accessibility needs and preferences, as well as the langua
...© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
ISO/DISFDIS 24495-1:20222023(E)
Date: 2022-10-272023-02-08
ISO TC 37/WG 11
Secretariat: SAC
Plain language — Part 1: Governing principles and guidelines
Langage clair et simple — Partie 1: Principes directeurs et lignes directrices
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of
this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written
permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the
country of the requester.ISO Copyright Office
CP 401 • CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
Contents
Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... v
1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references .......................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions .......................................................................................................................... 1
4 Governing principles ............................................................................................................................ 3
5 Guidelines ................................................................................................................................................. 3
5.1 Guidelines for Principle 1: Readers get what they need (relevant) .................................... 3
5.1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1.2 Identify the readers .............................................................................................................................. 4
5.1.3 Identify the readers’ purpose ............................................................................................................ 4
5.1.4 Identify the context in which readers will read the document ............................................. 4
5.1.5 Select the document type or types ................................................................................................... 5
5.1.6 Select content that readers need ..................................................................................................... 5
5.2 Guidelines for Principle 2: Readers can easily find what they need (findable) .............. 5
5.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.2.2 Structure the document for readers ............................................................................................... 5
5.2.3 Use information design techniques that enable readers to find information ................. 6
5.2.4 Use headings to help readers predict what comes next .......................................................... 6
5.2.5 Keep supplementary information separate ................................................................................. 6
5.3 Guidelines for Principle 3: Readers can easily understand what they find(understandable) ................................................................................................................................... 7
5.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.3.2 Choose familiar words ......................................................................................................................... 7
5.3.3 Write clear sentences ........................................................................................................................... 7
5.3.4 Write concise sentences ...................................................................................................................... 8
5.3.5 Write clear and concise paragraphs ............................................................................................... 8
5.3.6 Consider including images and multimedia ................................................................................ 8
5.3.7 Project a respectful tone ..................................................................................................................... 9
5.3.8 Ensure that the document is cohesive............................................................................................ 9
5.4 Guidelines for Principle 4: Readers can easily use the information (usable) ................. 9
5.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.4.2 Evaluate the document continually as it is developed .......................................................... 10
5.4.3 Evaluate the document further with readers ........................................................................... 10
5.4.4 Continue to evaluate readers’ use of the document ............................................................... 10
Annex A (informative) Overview of principles and guidelines ....................................................... 11
Annex B (informative) Sample checklist .................................................................................................... 2
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................................... 4
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved iii---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Language and terminology.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
Introduction
Plain language is communication that puts readers first. It considers:
— what readers want and need to know;
— readers’ level of interest, expertise and literacy skills;
— the context in which readers will use the document.
Plain language ensures readers can find what they need, understand it and use it. Thus, plain language
focuses on how successfully readers can use the document rather than on mechanical measures such as
readability formulas.Extensive studies have shown that writing in plain language saves time or money (or both) for readers
and organizations. Plain language is more effective and produces better outcomes. In addition, readers
prefer plain language. For organizations, plain language is an important way to build trust with the
readers. Finally, the process of translating is more efficient for plain language documents than for
documents that are difficult to understand.This document will help authors develop documents that communicate effectively with their intended
readers. It applies to most written languages and reflects the most recent research on plain language and
the experience of plain language experts. See Reference [3] for research on plain language.
Plain language is not to be confused with easy language. Plain language can be used for a general audience,
while easy language is used for people who have difficulties with reading comprehension. These
difficulties can be caused by health conditions, not being fluent in the given language or other reasons.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved v---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 24495-1:2022(E)
Plain language — Part 1: Governing principles and guidelines
1 Scope
This document establishes governing principles and guidelines for developing plain language documents.
The guidelines detail how the principles are interpreted and applied.This document is for anybody who creates or helps create documents. The widest use of plain language
is for documents that are intended for the general public, but it is also applicable, for example, to technical
writing, legislative drafting or using controlled languages.This document applies to most, if not all, written languages, but it provides examples only in English.
While this document covers the essential elements of plain language, it has some intentional limits, as
follows:— It does not cover all types of communication. It applies only to printed or digital information that is
primarily in the form of text.NOTE 1 However, creators of other types of communications, such as podcasts and videos, can find this
document useful.— It does not include existing technical guidance about accessibility and digital documents, although
the guidance can apply to both.NOTE 2 For guidance on accessibility, authors of digital documents can consider the Web Content Accessibility
[4] [2]Guidelines and EN 301 549 .
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
plain language
communication in which wording, structure and design are so clear that intended readers (3.2) can easily
— find what they need,— understand what they find, and
— use that information
[3]
[SOURCE: International Plain Language Federation ]
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
3.2
reader
member of the intended audience for a document (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: While the word “reader” is historically rooted in the verb “to read”, all intended audience members
do not necessarily “read” documents. For the purposes of this document, the term “reader” includes the following:
— Everyone who uses a document, whether they view it, hear it, touch it or a combination.
— Someone who will skim or scan a document, looking only for particular information.
— Someone to whom a document is read, whether by a person or a device.Note 2 to entry: There can be several different audiences for the same document. For example, the primary audience
of an income tax form is the taxpayer, and the secondary audience is the tax agency. If the needs of different readers
conflict, then the needs of the primary audience have priority.3.3
document
set of printed or digital information, primarily in the form of text
EXAMPLE Audio description, email, error message, contract, form, podcast script, video manuscript, webpage.
3.4author
individual or organization who develops or helps develop documents (3.3)
EXAMPLE Content developers or managers, editors, information architects or designers, information developers
or managers, legislative drafters, professional writers, public relations officers, technical writers, translators, UX
(user experience) writers, writing project managers.3.5
document type
class of documents (3.3) having similar characteristics
EXAMPLE Email, webpage, postal letter, instruction manual, newspaper article, form.
[SOURCE: ISO 8879:1986, 4.102, modified — The list of examples has been modified and separated from
the text of the definition.]3.6
image
visual representation of information
EXAMPLE Chart, diagram, drawing, flowchart, graph, icon, infographic, map, picture, photograph, table.
3.7information design
visual integration of text, typography, images (3.6) and multimedia to help readers (3.2) find, understand
and use informationNote 1 to entry: Information design makes the structure and content visual.
3.8
evaluation
assessment of how well readers (3.2) find, understand and use information
2 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 24495-1:2022(E)
4 Governing principles
The four governing principles are as follows:
— Principle 1: Readers get what they need (relevant).
— Principle 2: Readers can easily find what they need (findable).
— Principle 3: Readers can easily understand what they find (understandable).
— Principle 4: Readers can easily use the information (usable).
These principles rest on the premise that a document will be usable if the information in it is relevant,
findable and understandable (see Figure 1).Figure 1 — Relationship of the four principles
From the perspective of authors, following the guidelines under the first three principles will make it
likely that readers can use a document. But the only way to ensure that is to evaluate the document
continually by applying the guidelines of Principle 4. As a result, this document does not describe a
sequential process, because the four principles are interdependent and influence each other. Applying
them all together is crucial for developing plain language documents.Annex A provides a visual overview of the principles and guidelines. Annex B provides a checklist to help
authors apply this document.5 Guidelines
5.1 Guidelines for Principle 1: Readers get what they need (relevant)
5.1.1 Overview
This principle focuses on what authors should do before they start drafting. Understanding the readers
of a document and their needs is essential to creating a document in plain language. Authors should select
the document type and content that fits their readers’ needs, purpose and context.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 3---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 24495-1:2023(E)
5.1.2 Identify the readers
Authors should identify who their readers are and consider the readers’ characteristics, including their
literacy and language skills, cultural backgrounds and subject-matter knowledge.Characteristics also include readers’ accessibility needs and preferences, as well as the languages that
they understand. Authors should provide the document in a language that their readers know. That can
mean complying with official language requirements and translating the document into other languages.
To identify the readers and their characteristics, authors can use the following methods:
a) Review knowledge gained from previous communications with readers.b) Interview readers.
c) Conduct reader surveys.
d) Review research and relevant literature on readers.
5.1.3 Identify the readers’ purpose
Authors should identify why readers will read the document. For example, readers can be doing any of
the following:a) following instructions to complete a task;
b) deciding to do or not to do something;
c) trying to understand a topic;
d) finding out what the author wants them to do;
e) learning about an area of interest;
f) gaining the required knowledge for a specific purpose, such as getting a driver’s licence.
5.1.4 Identify the context in which readers will read the documentAuthors should consider the following:
a) where readers will read the document;
b) what technology they will use to read it;
c) how much time they will have;
d) how long will they stay focused;
e) how interested they will be in the document;
f) what their emotional state will be when they read it.
The answers to these questions can be affected by the document type (see 5.1.5).
4 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 24495-1:2022(E)
5.1.5 Select the document type or types
Authors should select the document type or types that fit their readers’ characteristics (see 5.1.2),
purpose (see 5.1.3) and context (see 5.1.4). If it better serves the readers’ purpose, authors can also
decide to use an alternative to a document, such as a video.5.1.6 Select content that readers need
Authors should always keep readers’ needs in mind when selecting content, even when the authors’ own
needs dictate that certain information be included.Authors should do
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST ISO/DIS 24495-1:2022
01-december-2022
Preprost jezik - 1. del: Vodilna načela in smernice
Plain language — Part 1: Governing principles and guidelines
Langage clair et simple — Partie 1: Principes directeurs et lignes directrices
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/DIS 24495-1:2022
ICS:
01.140.10 Pisanje in prečrkovanje Writing and transliteration
oSIST ISO/DIS 24495-1:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------oSIST ISO/DIS 24495-1:2022
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST ISO/DIS 24495-1:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 24495-1
ISO/TC 37 Secretariat: SAC
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2022-05-26 2022-08-18
Plain language —
Part 1:
Governing principles and guidelines
Langage simplifié —
Partie 1: Principes directeurs et lignes directrices
ICS: 01.140.10
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ISO/DIS 24495-1:2022(E)
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Contents Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Governing principles ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5 Guidelines .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.1 Guidelines for Principle 1: Readers get what they need (relevant) .......................................................... 4
5.1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.1.2 Identify the readers ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.1.3 Identify the readers’ purpose ................................................................................................................................. 4
5.1.4 Identify the context in which readers will read the document................................................. 4
5.1.5 Select the document type ........................................................................................................................................... 5
5.1.6 Select content that readers need .......................................................................................................................... 5
5.2 Guidelines for Principle 2: Readers can easily find what they need (findable) ............................. 5
5.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.2.2 Structure the document for readers ................................................................................................................. 5
5.2.3 Use information design techniques that enable readers to find information .............. 6
5.2.4 Use headings to help readers predict what comes next .................................................................. 6
5.2.5 Keep supplementary information separate ............................................................................................... 6
5.3 Guidelines for Principle 3: Readers can easily understand what they find(understandable) .................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
5.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.3.2 Choose familiar words .................................................................................................................................................. 7
5.3.3 Write clear sentences ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.3.4 Write concise sentences ............................................................................................................................................... 8
5.3.5 Write clear and concise paragraphs ................................................................................................................. 8
5.3.6 Consider including images and multimedia ............................................................................................... 8
5.3.7 Project a tone that respects readers’ needs and situation ............................................................ 8
5.3.8 Ensure that the document is cohesive ............................................................................................................ 9
5.4 Guidelines for Principle 4: Readers can easily use the information (usable).................................. 9
5.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.4.2 Evaluate the document continually as it is developed ...................................................................... 9
5.4.3 Evaluate the document further with readers ........................................................................................... 9
5.4.4 Continue to evaluate readers’ use of the document ......................................................................... 10
Annex A (informative) Overview of principles and guidelines ............................................................................................11
Annex B (informative) Sample checklist ......................................................................................................................................................13
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Language and terminology, WG 11,
Plain Language.Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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Introduction
Plain language is communication that puts readers first. It considers:
— what readers want and need to know,
— readers’ level of interest, expertise, and literacy skills, and
— the context in which readers will use the document.
Plain language ensures readers can find what they need, understand it, and use it. Thus, plain language
focuses on how successfully readers can use the document rather than on mechanical measures such as
readability formulas.Extensive studies have shown that writing in plain language saves time or money (or both) for readers
and organizations. Plain language is more effective and produces better outcomes. In addition, readers
prefer plain language. For organizations, plain language is an important way to build trust with the
readers. Finally, the process of translating is more efficient for plain language documents than for
documents that are difficult to understand.© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 24495-1:2022(E)
Plain language —
Part 1:
Governing principles and guidelines
1 Scope
This International Standard is for anybody who creates or helps create documents. The widest use of
plain language is for documents that are intended for the general public, but it is also applicable, for
example, to technical writing, legislative drafting, or using controlled languages. This Standard will
help authors develop documents that communicate effectively with their intended readers. It applies to
most written languages and reflects the most recent research on plain language and the experience of
plain language experts.This Standard provides principles and guidelines for developing plain language documents. The
guidelines detail how the principles should be interpreted and applied. The four governing principles
are as follows:— Principle 1: Readers get what they need (relevant)
— Principle 2: Readers can easily find what they need (findable)
— Principle 3: Readers can easily understand what they find (understandable)
— Principle 4: Readers can easily use the information (usable)
These principles rest on the premise that a document will be usable if the information in it is relevant,
findable, and understandable (see Figure 1).Figure 1 — The relationship of the four principles
From the perspective of authors, following the guidelines under the first three principles will make
it likely that readers can use a document. But the only way to ensure that is to evaluate the document
continually by applying Principle 4 guidelines. In other words, the Standard does not describe a
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sequential process, because the four principles are interdependent and influence each other. Applying
them all together is crucial for developing plain language documents.Annex A provides a visual overview of the principles and guidelines. Annex B provides a checklist to
help authors apply this Standard.The guidelines that the International Standard provides are recommendations. They do not establish
requirements. The Standard applies to most, if not all, written languages, but it provides examples only
in English. When localising the Standard, national standards bodies can adapt and expand the Standard
to achieve the goals of plain language in their own languages.Contrary to best practices and its own recommendation, the Standard cannot use the second person
(“you”) to address readers due to ISO rules.While this Standard covers the essential elements of plain language, it has some intentional limits:
— It does not cover all types of communication. It applies only to printed or digital information that is
primarily in the form of text. However, creators of other types of communications, such as podcasts
and videos, may find this Standard useful.— It does not include existing technical guidance about accessibility and digital documents, although
this Standard’s guidance can apply to both. For guidance on accessibility, authors of digital documents
are urged to consider the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines and EN 301 549: Accessibility
requirements for ICT products and services.— Later Parts of this Standard may provide case studies, best practices, and other supporting
information.2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
Where terms and definitions come from the ISO databases, they are referenced.
3.1
plain language
communication in which wording, structure, and design are so clear that intended readers (3.2) can
easily— find what they need,
— understand what they find, and
— use that information
[SOURCE: International Plain Language Federation]
3.2
reader
member of the intended audience for the document (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: While the word “reader” is historically rooted in the verb “to read”, all intended audience
members don’t necessarily “read” documents. For the purposes of this standard, reader includes everyone who
uses the document, whether they view it, hear it, touch it, or a combination. Reader also includes someone who
will skim or scan a document (3.3), looking only for particular information. Reader also includes someone to
whom a document (3.3) is read, whether by a person or a device.© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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Note 2 to entry: There might be several different audiences for the same document (3.3). For example, the primary
audience of an income tax form is the taxpayer, and the secondary audience is the tax agency. If the needs of
different readers conflict, then the needs of the primary audience have priority.
3.3document
set of printed or digital information, primarily in the form of text
EXAMPLE Audio description, email, error message, printed document, podcast script, video manuscript,
web content.3.4
author
individual or organization who develops or helps develop documents (3.3)
EXAMPLE Content developers or managers, editors, information architects or designers, information
developers or managers, legislative drafters, professional writers, public relations officers, technical writers,
translators, UX writers, writing project managers.3.5
document type
class of documents (3.3) having similar characteristics
EXAMPLE email, webpage, postal letter, instruction manual, newspaper article, form.
[SOURCE: ISO 8879:1986(en), 4.102, modified – the list of examples is modified and separated from the
text of the definition]3.6
image
visual representation of information
EXAMPLE Chart, diagram, drawing, flowchart, graph, icon, infographic, map, picture, photograph, table.
3.7information design
visual integration of text, typography, images, and multimedia to help readers (3.2) find, understand,
and use informationNote 1 to entry: Information design makes the structure and content visual.
3.8
evaluation
assessment of how well readers (3.2) find, understand, and use information
4 Governing principles
Principle 1: Readers get what they need (relevant)
Principle 2: Readers can easily find what they need (findable)
Principle 3: Readers can easily understand what they find (understandable)
Principle 4: Readers can easily use the information (usable)
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5 Guidelines
5.1 Guidelines for Principle 1: Readers get what they need (relevant)
5.1.1 Overview
Understanding the readers of a document and their needs is essential to creating a document in plain
language. Authors should select the document type and content that fits their readers’ needs, purpose,
and context.5.1.2 Identify the readers
Authors should identify who their readers are and consider the readers’ characteristics, including their
literacy and language skills, cultural backgrounds, and subject-matter knowledge.
Characteristics also include readers’ accessibility needs and preferences, as well as the languages that
they understand. Authors should provide the document in a language that their readers know. That
may mean complying with official language requirements and translating the document into other
languages.To identify the readers and their characteristics, authors can use the following methods:
a) Review knowledge gained from previous communications with readers.b) Interview readers.
c) Conduct reader surveys.
d) Review research and relevant literature on readers.
5.1.3 Identify the readers’ purpose
Authors should identify why readers will read the document. For example, readers could be doing any
of the following:a) following instructions to complete a task,
b) deciding to do or not to do something,
c) trying to understand a topic,
d) finding out what the author wants them to do,
e) learning about an area of interest, or
f) gaining the required knowledge for a specific purpose, such as getting a driver’s licence.
5.1.4 Identify the context in which readers will read the documentAuthors should consider the following:
a) where readers will read the document,
b) what technology they will use to read it,
c) how much time they will have,
d) how long they can stay focused,
e) how interested they will be in the document, and
f) what their emotional state is when they read it.
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