TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 5729
First edition
Evaluation of physical parameters
of filter paper substrates for the
determination of the ignition
propensity of cigarettes
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO/TR 5729:2021(E)
ISO 2021
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ISO/TR 5729:2021(E)
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© ISO 2021

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ISO/TR 5729:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Parameters to specify filter papers for use as substrates in ignition propensity testing .........1

5 Establishing acceptable ranges for filter paper physical parameters ..........................................................2

6 Correlation of paper physical parameters with ignition propensity testing .........................................3

7 Report — substrate papers physical parameter testing ............................................................................................. 5

7.1 Substrate specifications .................................................................................................................................................................. 5

7.2 Mean ±3 standard deviation plots based on specifications ............................................................................. 6

7.3 ANOVA outputs ....................................................................................................................................................................................10

7.4 Control Charts .......................................................................................................................................................................................13

8 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................................................................17

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................18

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ISO/TR 5729:2021(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire

initiation and growth.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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ISO/TR 5729:2021(E)
Introduction

The ISO 12863 standard test method for cigarette ignition propensity specifies Whatman No. 2 (or an

equivalent paper) as a suitable substrate. An expert group was established within ISO/TC 92/SC 1 in

2012 with the objective of defining a set of paper parameters that a substrate paper ought to meet.

When testing cigarettes according to the ISO 12863 standard, it is recommended that the paper produce

test results that:

— are statistically indistinguishable from the currently available substrate paper; and

— that provide no degradation of repeatability and reproducibility.

The study presented in this document used Whatman No. 2 filter papers that were produced after 2011,

[1]

when Whatman moved the production facility from UK to China . An in-depth analysis of the effect of

this change on ignition propensity testing results was published in Reference [1].

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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 5729:2021(E)
Evaluation of physical parameters of filter paper
substrates for the determination of the ignition propensity
of cigarettes
1 Scope

This document recollects and evaluates physical parameters of filter paper substrates for the

determination of ignition propensity of cigarettes according to ISO 12863.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 12863, Standard test method for assessing the ignition propensity of cigarettes

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12863 apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/

4 Parameters to specify filter papers for use as substrates in ignition propensity

testing

The expert group reviewed previous activities related to cigarette ignition propensity standard

development and the main scientific literature on substrate paper properties. Experts from the filter

paper industry also shared commonly used filter paper parameters used for quality control and

discussed the specifications of Whatman No. 2 outlined in ISO 12863.

It was agreed by the experts that paper weight alone is unlikely to represent sufficient specification.

A draft set of physical parameters was defined, comprising:
— basis weight (ISO 536);
— thickness (ISO 534);
— paper weight (ISO 12863);
— surface roughness (ISO 8791-2);
— air permeability (ISO 5636-5);
— ingredients: 100 % cotton fibre free of additives.

As detailed research into the influence of each filter paper parameter on the results of ignition

propensity testing would be beyond the capabilities of the expert group, it was decided to proceed

with a conservative approach, keeping all substrate paper physical parameters. Although this approach

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ISO/TR 5729:2021(E)

could lead to the over-specification of the substrate, experts from filter paper manufacturers agreed

that such a filter paper could be produced on an industrial scale.
5 Establishing acceptable ranges for filter paper physical parameters

Correlation testing between physical filter paper parameters and ignition propensity results would

require significant effort and ought therefore to be limited to a minimum. Therefore, initial experiments

were designed in order to obtain initial insights with a feasible amount of effort.

The first collaborative study used Whatman No. 2 substrates collected from LIP laboratories. The aims

of this study were:
— to compare test methods between laboratories;

— to establish a range for the critical substrate parameters based on the measurements on Whatman

No. 2 substrates used in LIP laboratories;

— to compare the range for critical parameters between Whatman No. 2 substrates and substrates

from other suppliers.

For this study, 9 different Whatman No. 2 batches were sourced from 3 LIP testing laboratories.

Four alternative substrate manufacturers provided their own substrates and took part in the testing:

— delfortgroup
— MACHEREY-NAGEL
— Munktell & Filtrak
— Sartorius-Stedim

In this study, the mean ±3 standard deviation ranges for the Whatman papers were:

— basis weight: 91 gsm to 102 gsm
— thickness: 177 µm to 215 µm
— air permeability: 12 s to 26 s
— surface roughness (wire side): 763 ml/min to 1 181 ml/min
— surface roughness (felt side): 345 ml/min to 853 ml/min

A second collaborative study was performed using three substrate papers from an earlier NIST

[1],[2]

study on ignition propensity testing. The aim was to use these data as a specification for other

substrates.
[1],[2]
The papers from the NIST-study were from the following manufacturers:
— Ahlstrom
— Tela-Kimberly (Swiss Quality)
— Tervakoski (delfortgroup)
The following laboratories participated in this study:
— Ahlstrom Germany GmbH
— Arista Laboratories, Inc.
— BAT Germany
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ISO/TR 5729:2021(E)
— GE Healthcare
— Hahnemühle FineArt GmbH
— ISEGA Forschungs- und Untersuchungsgesellschaft mbH
— MACHEREY-NAGEL GmbH & Co. KG
— Papierfabrik Wattens GmbH & Co. KG
— R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
— SWM International

Table 1 shows the proposed specifications for ignition propensity substrate paper that were selected

based on the statistical evaluation of the results.
Table 1 — Proposed specifications for ignition propensity substrate paper
Critical substrate parameter Proposed specification range Test Method
Weight (15 conditioned sheets) (26,1 ± 0,5) g ISO 12863
Weight (15 dried sheets) (24,7 ± 0,5) g ISO 536
Air permeability (Gurley) (20 ± 8) s ISO 5636-5
b b
Roughness (2 000 ± 500) ml/min ISO 8791-2
Thickness (190 ± 20) μm ISO 534
a 2
5 oz cylinder, 1 inch orifice plate, 100 ml air volume.
Measurement pressure: 1,47 kPa.
c 2
Measurement pressure: 53 kPa. Area of clamping zone: 200 mm .
6 Correlation of paper physical parameters with ignition propensity testing

No correlation tests between ignition propensity results and paper physical parameters had previously

been performed. However, such tests are necessary in order to confirm the set of parameters. In order

to validate the proposed set of substrate specifications, a further study was therefore designed. The

aims were:

— to carry out ignition propensity testing with the different filter paper substrates;

— to check whether the different substrates (when manufactured to the same specifications) provide

statistically indistinguishable results in ignition propensity (IP) testing;

— to enable the use of different filter paper substrates that meet the criteria specified by the expert

group.

Testing was carried out with the help of CORESTA and the voluntary participation of 14 laboratories:

— British American Tobacco Germany
— British American Tobacco Brazil
— British American Tobacco Indonesia
— British American Tobacco Korea
— British American Tobacco Poland
— Japan Tobacco Inc., Japan
— Japan Tobacco International, Germany
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ISO/TR 5729:2021(E)
— KT&G Corp., Korea
— Global Laboratory Services Inc., USA
— R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, USA
— Landewyck Tobacco S.A., Luxembourg
— Delfort Group, Austria
— Monte Paz S.A. Uruguay
— Altria Client Services USA
— Philp Morris International, Poland
— Philp Morris International, Germany
— Imperial Tobacco/Reemtsma, Germany
— ITG Brands, USA

The three paper manufacturers (MACHEREY-NAGEL, Delfort Group and Hahnemuehle) provided

[3]

120 000 filter paper circles each as substrates for the CORESTA study on ignition propensity testing .

The paper manufacturer Whatman did not provide samples. Rather, the participating laboratories used

the available papers in their lab. In order to have sufficient material for the subsequent testing of the

physical parameters, the participating CORESTA laboratories sent seven packs (700 filter circles) of the

Whatman lot they used for ignition propensity testing.

The statistical evaluation showed no significant difference in ignition propensity results between the

substrates from Whatman and those from the other paper manufacturers.

In the last step, a collaborative study on the physical parameters of the substrates used in the IP-study

was performed with the aim of confirming the ranges previously agreed upon. For this test, the papers

[3]
from of the same lots as for CORESTA testing were used.
The following labs participated in the physical parameter testing:
— Hahnemuehle
— Delfort Group
— ISEGA
— IW Tremont
— R.J. Reynolds Tobacco
— Gebr. Hoffsümmer
— Enthalpy Analytical
— BAT Bayreuth
— MACHEREY-NAGEL

The study confirmed that physical parameter values for the substrates were within the specified

ranges.
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ISO/TR 5729:2021(E)
7 Report — substrate papers physical parameter testing
7.1 Substrate specifications

The aim of this analysis was to gain an understanding of the different substrates measured (Whatman,

Tervakoski, Hahnemuehle and Macherey-Nagel) across the different laboratories. The two main

questions were:
— whether there
...

ISO/PRF TR 5729

Evaluation of physical parameters of filter paper substrates for the determination of the ignition propensity of cigarettes

Evaluation of physical parameters of filter paper substrates for the determination of the ignition propensity of cigarettes

Évaluation des paramètres physiques des substrats de papier-filtre pour déterminer le potentiel incendiaire des cigarettes

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Evaluation of physical parameters of filter paper substrates for the determination of the ignition propensity of cigarettes

Évaluation des paramètres physiques des substrats de papier-filtre pour déterminer le potentiel incendiaire des cigarettes

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