ISO 2836:2004

Graphic technology - Prints and printing inks - Assessment of resistance of prints to various agents

ISO 2836:2004 specifies methods of assessing the resistance of printed materials to liquid and solid agents, solvents, varnishes, and acids. It applies to printing on all substrates by all of the traditional printing processes and digital imaging processes, such as ink-jet, electrophotography, etc., using marking materials appropriate to the printing process used.

Technologie graphique — Impressions et encres d'imprimerie — Évaluation de la résistance des impressions à divers agents

Grafična tehnologija - Odtisi in tiskarske barve - Ugotavljanje odpornosti proti različnim dejavnikom

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 15-Mar-2004
• Withdrawal Date: 15-Mar-2004
• ICS: 87.080 - Inks. Printing inks
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 130 - Graphic technology
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 130/WG 4 - Media and materials
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 31-May-2021
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025
• Ref Project: SIST ISO 2836:2004 - Graphic technology -- Prints and printing inks -- Assessment of resistance of prints to various agents

Relations

• Revised: ISO 2836:2021 - Graphic technology - Prints and printing inks - Assessment of resistance of prints to various agents
• Effective Date: 14-Jul-2018
• Revised: SIST ISO 2837:1997 - Graphic technology -- Prints and printing inks -- Assessment of resistance to solvents (Revision of ISO 2837:1974)
• Effective Date: 12-May-2008
• Revised: SIST ISO 2836:2002 - Graphic technology -- Prints and printing inks -- Assessment of resistance to various agents
• Effective Date: 12-May-2008
• Revised: SIST ISO 11628:1997 - Graphic technology -- Prints and printing inks -- Determination of resistance of prints to acids
• Effective Date: 12-May-2008
• Revises: ISO 11628:1995 - Graphic technology - Prints and printing inks - Determination of resistance of prints to acids
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Revises: ISO 2836:1999 - Graphic technology - Prints and printing inks - Assessment of resistance to various agents
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Revises: ISO 2837:1996 - Graphic technology - Prints and printing inks - Assessment of resistance to solvents
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2004
*UDILþQDWHKQRORJLMD2GWLVLLQWLVNDUVNHEDUYH8JRWDYOMDQMHRGSRUQRVWLSURWL
UD]OLþQLPGHMDYQLNRP
Graphic technology -- Prints and printing inks -- Assessment of resistance of prints to
various agents
Technologie graphique -- Impressions et encres d'imprimerie -- Évaluation de la
résistance des impressions à divers agents
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 2836:2004
ICS:
87.080 Barvila. Tiskarske barve Inks. Printing inks
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2836
Third edition
2004-03-15
Graphic technology — Prints and printing
inks — Assessment of resistance to
various agents
Technologie graphique — Impressions et encres d’imprimerie —
Évaluation de la résistance des impressions à divers agents

Reference number
©
ISO 2004
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2004
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Principle . 2
4.1 Liquid and solid agents. 2
4.2 Solvents and varnishes. 2
4.3 Acids. 2
5 Agents . 2
5.1 General. 2
5.2 Water . 2
5.3 Alkali. 2
5.4 Oils and fats. 2
5.5 Cheese. 3
5.6 Detergents. 3
5.7 Soaps. 3
5.8 Waxes. 3
5.9 Spices. 3
5.10 Solvents and varnishes. 3
5.11 Acids. 3
5.12 Other agents . 4
6 Apparatus and reagents. 4
6.1 Equipment and apparatus. 4
6.2 Solvents and varnishes. 5
7 Preparation of test pieces . 5
8 Test methods. 5
8.1 Liquid agents. 5
8.2 Solid agents. 5
8.3 Meltable solid agents (waxes) . 6
8.4 Solid spices . 6
8.5 Solvents and varnishes. 6
8.6 Acids. 6
9 Evaluation of results. 7
9.1 Liquid and solid agents. 7
9.2 Solvents and varnishes. 7
9.3 Acids. 7
10 Test report. 8
11 Test conditions. 8

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 2836 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 2836:1999). It also incorporated the
requirements of, and cancels, ISO 2837:1996 Graphic technology — Prints and printing inks — Assessment
of resistance to solvents and ISO 11628:1995 Graphic technology — Prints and printing inks — Determination
of resistance of prints to acids.
iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2836:2004(E)

Graphic technology — Prints and printing inks — Assessment
of resistance to various agents
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies methods of assessing the resistance of printed materials to liquid and
solid agents, solvents, varnishes, and acids.
It applies to printing on all substrates by all of the traditional printing processes and digital imaging processes
such as ink-jet, electrophotography, etc. using marking materials appropriate to the printing process used.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2834:1999, Graphic technology — Test print preparation for offset and letterpress inks
ISO 105-A03:1993, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part A03: Grey scale for assessing staining
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
agent
liquid or solid to which a sample of printed material is exposed for the purpose of determining the resistance
characteristics of that printed sample
3.2
resistance
ability of a printed material to withstand exposure to a specified agent as determined by the tests defined in
this International Standard
4 Principle
4.1 Liquid and solid agents
A test piece cut from the print is brought into contact with the agent used. Assessment is made of any
changes in the print and in the receptor surface which has been in contact with the print.
4.2 Solvents and varnishes
A test piece cut from the print is immersed in the prescribed solvent or test varnish for a given time. The colour
change of the solvent or varnish and the discoloration and any change of the test piece are noted and
reported.
4.3 Acids
A test piece cut from the print is pressed between two sheets of filter paper previously wetted with a solution
of the relevant acid. An assessment is made of any change to the print and any bleeding of the colour onto the
filter paper.
NOTE 1 The type and concentration of the acid and the duration of exposure are not standardized, but should be
chosen according to the intended application of the print. Table 1 gives a list of commonly used types, concentrations and
exposure durations.
NOTE 2 The test piece includes both printing ink and substrate, because resistance
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2836
Third edition
2004-03-15
Graphic technology — Prints and printing
inks — Assessment of resistance to
various agents
Technologie graphique — Impressions et encres d’imprimerie —
Évaluation de la résistance des impressions à divers agents

Reference number
©
ISO 2004
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2004
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Principle . 2
4.1 Liquid and solid agents. 2
4.2 Solvents and varnishes. 2
4.3 Acids. 2
5 Agents . 2
5.1 General. 2
5.2 Water . 2
5.3 Alkali. 2
5.4 Oils and fats. 2
5.5 Cheese. 3
5.6 Detergents. 3
5.7 Soaps. 3
5.8 Waxes. 3
5.9 Spices. 3
5.10 Solvents and varnishes. 3
5.11 Acids. 3
5.12 Other agents . 4
6 Apparatus and reagents. 4
6.1 Equipment and apparatus. 4
6.2 Solvents and varnishes. 5
7 Preparation of test pieces . 5
8 Test methods. 5
8.1 Liquid agents. 5
8.2 Solid agents. 5
8.3 Meltable solid agents (waxes) . 6
8.4 Solid spices . 6
8.5 Solvents and varnishes. 6
8.6 Acids. 6
9 Evaluation of results. 7
9.1 Liquid and solid agents. 7
9.2 Solvents and varnishes. 7
9.3 Acids. 7
10 Test report. 8
11 Test conditions. 8

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 2836 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 2836:1999). It also incorporated the
requirements of, and cancels, ISO 2837:1996 Graphic technology — Prints and printing inks — Assessment
of resistance to solvents and ISO 11628:1995 Graphic technology — Prints and printing inks — Determination
of resistance of prints to acids.
iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2836:2004(E)

Graphic technology — Prints and printing inks — Assessment
of resistance to various agents
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies methods of assessing the resistance of printed materials to liquid and
solid agents, solvents, varnishes, and acids.
It applies to printing on all substrates by all of the traditional printing processes and digital imaging processes
such as ink-jet, electrophotography, etc. using marking materials appropriate to the printing process used.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2834:1999, Graphic technology — Test print preparation for offset and letterpress inks
ISO 105-A03:1993, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part A03: Grey scale for assessing staining
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
agent
liquid or solid to which a sample of printed material is exposed for the purpose of determining the resistance
characteristics of that printed sample
3.2
resistance
ability of a printed material to withstand exposure to a specified agent as determined by the tests defined in
this International Standard
4 Principle
4.1 Liquid and solid agents
A test piece cut from the print is brought into contact with the agent used. Assessment is made of any
changes in the print and in the receptor surface which has been in contact with the print.
4.2 Solvents and varnishes
A test piece cut from the print is immersed in the prescribed solvent or test varnish for a given time. The colour
change of the solvent or varnish and the discoloration and any change of the test piece are noted and
reported.
4.3 Acids
A test piece cut from the print is pressed between two sheets of filter paper previously wetted with a solution
of the relevant acid. An assessment is made of any change to the print and any bleeding of the colour onto the
filter paper.
NOTE 1 The type and concentration of the acid and the duration of exposure are not standardized, but should be
chosen according to the intended application of the print. Table 1 gives a list of commonly used types, concentrations and
exposure durations.
NOTE 2 The test piece includes both printing ink and substrate, because resistance may be affected by ink, substrate
or the interaction between them.
Test samples may be taken from existing printed material, or may be prepared to be representative of a
planned printed product.
5 Agents
5.1 General
The type of agent used and its concentration shall be reported.
5.2 Water
This International Standard does not specify the type of water used for the assessment of resistance of prints.
It may be tap water, distilled water, deion
...