ISO/IEC 15444-1:2019
(Main)Information technology — JPEG 2000 image coding system — Part 1: Core coding system
Information technology — JPEG 2000 image coding system — Part 1: Core coding system
This Recommendation | International Standard defines a set of lossless (bit-preserving) and lossy compression methods for coding bi-level, continuous-tone grey-scale, palletized colour, or continuous-tone colour digital still images. This Recommendation | International Standard: ? specifies decoding processes for converting compressed image data to reconstructed image data; ? specifies a codestream syntax containing information for interpreting the compressed image data; ? specifies a file format; ? provides guidance on encoding processes for converting source image data to compressed image data; ? provides guidance on how to implement these processes in practice. NOTE ? As this specification was first published as common text only after ISO/IEC JTC1 had approved the first edition in 2000, edition numbers in the ITU and ISO/IEC versions are offset by one. This is the third edition of ITU-T T.800 and the fourth edition of ISO/IEC 15444-1.
Technologies de l'information — Système de codage d'images JPEG 2000 — Partie 1: Système de codage de noyau
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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 15444-1
Fourth edition
2019-10
Information technology — JPEG 2000
image coding system —
Part 1:
Core coding system
Technologies de l'information — Système de codage d'images JPEG
2000 —
Partie 1: Système de codage de noyau
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2019
© ISO/IEC 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non‐governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial
rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see http://patents.iec.ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by ITU‐T as ITU‐T T.800 (06/2019) and drafted in accordance with its
editorial rules. It was assigned to Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 15444‐1:2016), which has been
technically revised.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 15444 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved iii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 15444-1
RECOMMENDATION ITU-T T.800
Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Core coding system
Summary
This Recommendation | International Standard defines a set of lossless (bit-preserving) and lossy compression methods
for coding bi-level, continuous-tone grey-scale, palletized colour, or continuous-tone colour digital still images.
This Recommendation | International Standard:
– specifies decoding processes for converting compressed image data to reconstructed image data;
– specifies a codestream syntax containing information for interpreting the compressed image data;
– specifies a file format;
– provides guidance on encoding processes for converting source image data to compressed image data;
– provides guidance on how to implement these processes in practice.
This edition includes the following changes relative to the previous edition:
– addition of Profile marker segment;
– addition of Extended capabilities marker segment;
– addition of Table A.55 to indicate valid Profile number values;
– clarification of Table A.13 and Table A.19, making it explicit that some MSBs are reserved for future use;
– updating of Table A.10 to indicate that the Profile marker segment is used to indicate the Profile to which
the codestream conforms.
NOTE – As this specification was first published as common text only after ISO/IEC JTC1 had approved the first edition in 2000,
edition numbers in the ITU and ISO/IEC versions are offset by one. This is the third edition of ITU-T T.800 and the fourth edition
of ISO/IEC 15444-1.
History
*
Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID
1.0 ITU-T T.800 2002-08-29 16 11.1002/1000/5281
1.1 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Amd. 1 2005-09-13 16 11.1002/1000/8576
1.2 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Cor. 1 2007-01-13 16 11.1002/1000/9048
1.3 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Cor. 2 2007-08-29 16 11.1002/1000/9231
1.4 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Amd. 2 2009-03-16 16 11.1002/1000/9719
1.5 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Amd. 3 2010-06-22 16 11.1002/1000/11002
1.6 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Amd. 4 2011-05-14 16 11.1002/1000/11313
1.7 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Amd. 5 2012-01-13 16 11.1002/1000/11469
1.8 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Amd. 6 2013-03-16 16 11.1002/1000/11882
1.9 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Cor. 3 2014-10-14 16 11.1002/1000/12301
1.10 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Cor.4 2014-10-14 16 11.1002/1000/12302
1.11 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Amd. 7 2014-10-14 16 11.1002/1000/12300
2.0 ITU-T T.800 2015-11-29 16 11.1002/1000/12682
3.0 ITU-T T.800 (V3) 2019-06-13 16 11.1002/1000/13911
*
To access the Recommendation, type the URL http://handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the
Recommendation's unique ID. For example, http://handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en.
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
Rec. ITU-T T.800 (06/2019) i
FOREWORD
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of
telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication
Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical,
operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing
telecommunications on a worldwide basis.
The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes
the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics.
The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1.
In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-T's purview, the necessary standards are
prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC.
NOTE
In this Recommendation, the expression "Administration" is used for conciseness to indicate both a
telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency.
Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain
mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the
Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words "shall" or some
other obligatory language such as "must" and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The
use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve
the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or
applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of
the Recommendation development process.
As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had received notice of intellectual property, protected
by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned
that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent
database at http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/.
ITU 2019
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior
written permission of ITU.
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
ii Rec. ITU-T T.800 (06/2019)
CONTENTS
Page
1 Scope . 1
2 References . 1
2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards . 1
2.2 Additional references . 1
3 Definitions . 2
4 Abbreviations and symbols . 6
4.1 Abbreviations . 6
4.2 Symbols . 7
5 General description . 8
5.1 Purpose . 8
5.2 Codestream . 8
5.3 Coding principles . 9
6 Encoder requirements . 10
7 Decoder requirements . 10
7.1 Codestream syntax requirements . 11
7.2 Optional file format requirements . 11
8 Implementation requirements . 11
Annex A – Codestream syntax . 12
A.1 Markers, marker segments and headers. 12
A.2 Information in the marker segments . 14
A.3 Construction of the codestream . 15
A.4 Delimiting markers and marker segments . 19
A.5 Fixed information marker segment . 20
A.6 Functional marker segments . 26
A.7 Pointer marker segments . 36
A.8 In-bit-stream marker and marker segments . 40
A.9 Informational marker segments . 41
A.10 Codestream restrictions conforming to this Recommendation | International Standard. 43
Annex B – Image and compressed image data ordering . 59
B.1 Introduction to image data structure concepts . 59
B.2 Component mapping to the reference grid . 59
B.3 Image area division into tiles and tile-components . 61
B.4 Example of the mapping of components to the reference grid (informative) . 62
B.5 Transformed tile-component division into resolution levels and sub-bands . 65
B.6 Division of resolution levels into precincts . 66
B.7 Division of the sub-bands into code-blocks . 67
B.8 Layers .
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 15444-1
Fourth edition
2019-10
Information technology — JPEG 2000
image coding system —
Part 1:
Core coding system
Technologies de l'information — Système de codage d'images JPEG
2000 —
Partie 1: Système de codage de noyau
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2019
© ISO/IEC 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non‐governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial
rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see http://patents.iec.ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by ITU‐T as ITU‐T T.800 (06/2019) and drafted in accordance with its
editorial rules. It was assigned to Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 15444‐1:2016), which has been
technically revised.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 15444 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved iii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 15444-1
RECOMMENDATION ITU-T T.800
Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Core coding system
Summary
This Recommendation | International Standard defines a set of lossless (bit-preserving) and lossy compression methods
for coding bi-level, continuous-tone grey-scale, palletized colour, or continuous-tone colour digital still images.
This Recommendation | International Standard:
– specifies decoding processes for converting compressed image data to reconstructed image data;
– specifies a codestream syntax containing information for interpreting the compressed image data;
– specifies a file format;
– provides guidance on encoding processes for converting source image data to compressed image data;
– provides guidance on how to implement these processes in practice.
This edition includes the following changes relative to the previous edition:
– addition of Profile marker segment;
– addition of Extended capabilities marker segment;
– addition of Table A.55 to indicate valid Profile number values;
– clarification of Table A.13 and Table A.19, making it explicit that some MSBs are reserved for future use;
– updating of Table A.10 to indicate that the Profile marker segment is used to indicate the Profile to which
the codestream conforms.
NOTE – As this specification was first published as common text only after ISO/IEC JTC1 had approved the first edition in 2000,
edition numbers in the ITU and ISO/IEC versions are offset by one. This is the third edition of ITU-T T.800 and the fourth edition
of ISO/IEC 15444-1.
History
*
Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID
1.0 ITU-T T.800 2002-08-29 16 11.1002/1000/5281
1.1 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Amd. 1 2005-09-13 16 11.1002/1000/8576
1.2 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Cor. 1 2007-01-13 16 11.1002/1000/9048
1.3 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Cor. 2 2007-08-29 16 11.1002/1000/9231
1.4 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Amd. 2 2009-03-16 16 11.1002/1000/9719
1.5 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Amd. 3 2010-06-22 16 11.1002/1000/11002
1.6 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Amd. 4 2011-05-14 16 11.1002/1000/11313
1.7 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Amd. 5 2012-01-13 16 11.1002/1000/11469
1.8 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Amd. 6 2013-03-16 16 11.1002/1000/11882
1.9 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Cor. 3 2014-10-14 16 11.1002/1000/12301
1.10 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Cor.4 2014-10-14 16 11.1002/1000/12302
1.11 ITU-T T.800 (2002) Amd. 7 2014-10-14 16 11.1002/1000/12300
2.0 ITU-T T.800 2015-11-29 16 11.1002/1000/12682
3.0 ITU-T T.800 (V3) 2019-06-13 16 11.1002/1000/13911
*
To access the Recommendation, type the URL http://handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the
Recommendation's unique ID. For example, http://handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en.
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
Rec. ITU-T T.800 (06/2019) i
FOREWORD
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of
telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication
Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical,
operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing
telecommunications on a worldwide basis.
The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes
the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics.
The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1.
In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-T's purview, the necessary standards are
prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC.
NOTE
In this Recommendation, the expression "Administration" is used for conciseness to indicate both a
telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency.
Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain
mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the
Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words "shall" or some
other obligatory language such as "must" and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The
use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve
the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or
applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of
the Recommendation development process.
As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had received notice of intellectual property, protected
by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned
that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent
database at http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/.
ITU 2019
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior
written permission of ITU.
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
ii Rec. ITU-T T.800 (06/2019)
CONTENTS
Page
1 Scope . 1
2 References . 1
2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards . 1
2.2 Additional references . 1
3 Definitions . 2
4 Abbreviations and symbols . 6
4.1 Abbreviations . 6
4.2 Symbols . 7
5 General description . 8
5.1 Purpose . 8
5.2 Codestream . 8
5.3 Coding principles . 9
6 Encoder requirements . 10
7 Decoder requirements . 10
7.1 Codestream syntax requirements . 11
7.2 Optional file format requirements . 11
8 Implementation requirements . 11
Annex A – Codestream syntax . 12
A.1 Markers, marker segments and headers. 12
A.2 Information in the marker segments . 14
A.3 Construction of the codestream . 15
A.4 Delimiting markers and marker segments . 19
A.5 Fixed information marker segment . 20
A.6 Functional marker segments . 26
A.7 Pointer marker segments . 36
A.8 In-bit-stream marker and marker segments . 40
A.9 Informational marker segments . 41
A.10 Codestream restrictions conforming to this Recommendation | International Standard. 43
Annex B – Image and compressed image data ordering . 59
B.1 Introduction to image data structure concepts . 59
B.2 Component mapping to the reference grid . 59
B.3 Image area division into tiles and tile-components . 61
B.4 Example of the mapping of components to the reference grid (informative) . 62
B.5 Transformed tile-component division into resolution levels and sub-bands . 65
B.6 Division of resolution levels into precincts . 66
B.7 Division of the sub-bands into code-blocks . 67
B.8 Layers .
...
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