ISO 22762-5:2021
(Main)Elastomeric seismic-protection isolators — Part 5: Sliding seismic-protection isolators for buildings
Elastomeric seismic-protection isolators — Part 5: Sliding seismic-protection isolators for buildings
This document specifies minimum requirements and test methods for flat sliding seismic-protection isolators used for buildings and the materials used in the manufacture of such isolators. It is applicable to flat sliding seismic-protection isolators used to provide buildings with protection from earthquake damage. The sliders are each mounted on elastomeric bearings to provide vertical compliance and rotational flexibility about horizontal axes.
Appareils d'appuis structuraux en élastomère pour protection sismique — Partie 5: Isolateurs de protection sismique glissants pour bâtiments
General Information
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22762-5
First edition
2021-08
Elastomeric seismic-protection
isolators —
Part 5:
Sliding seismic-protection isolators
for buildings
Appareils d'appuis structuraux en élastomère pour protection
sismique —
Partie 5: Isolateurs de protection sismique glissants pour bâtiments
Reference number
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 3
5 Classification . 6
5.1 Isolator types . 6
5.2 Classification by sliding friction coefficient . 6
5.3 Cross-section of isolator . 6
6 Requirements . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Type tests and routine tests. 9
6.3 Functional requirements .10
6.4 Design compressive force and design horizontal velocity .10
6.5 Performance requirements .10
6.5.1 General.10
6.5.2 Tolerance on properties.11
6.6 Rubber material .11
6.6.1 Requirements .11
6.7 Sliding material.12
6.7.1 Requirements .12
6.7.2 Sliding materials tests .12
6.8 Requirements on steel used for flanges, connecting flanges, key plates, steel plates,
backing plates, sliding plates and base plates .13
7 Isolator tests .13
7.1 General .13
7.2 Compression, shear stiffness and friction coefficient tests .13
7.2.1 Compression properties .13
7.2.2 Compressive-shear test .13
7.3 Various dependence tests .16
7.3.1 Compressive force dependence of shear properties .16
7.3.2 Velocity dependence of shear properties .18
7.3.3 Repeated deformation dependence of shear properties .20
7.3.4 Temperature dependence of shear properties .22
7.3.5 Vertical loading time dependence of shear properties .24
7.3.6 Dependence of compressive stiffness on compressive stress range .26
7.4 Ultimate shear properties .28
7.4.1 Principle .28
7.4.2 Test machine .28
7.4.3 Test piece .28
7.4.4 Test conditions.28
7.4.5 Procedure .28
7.4.6 Expression of results .29
7.4.7 Test report .29
7.5 Durability testing .30
7.5.1 Degradation test .30
7.5.2 Creep test . .31
8 Rubber material tests .32
8.1 Tensile properties tests .32
8.2 Hardness test .32
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
8.3 Ozone resistance test .32
9 Design rules .32
9.1 General .32
9.2 Elastic sliding bearing .33
9.2.1 Vertical stiffness .33
9.2.2 Horizontal properties .33
9.2.3 Maximum horizontal displacement .33
9.2.4 Maximum compressive load .34
10 Manufacturing tolerances .34
10.1 General .34
10.2 Measuring instruments .35
10.3 Plan dimensions .35
10.3.1 Measurement method .35
10.3.2 Tolerances .35
10.4 Product height .36
10.4.1 Measurement method .36
10.4.2 Tolerances .36
10.5 Flatness .37
10.5.1 Measurement method .37
10.5.2 Tolerances .37
10.6 Horizontal offset .38
10.7 Plan dimensions of flanges .38
10.8 Flange thickness .39
10.9 Tolerances on positions of flange bolt holes .39
10.10 Dimensions of sliding plate .39
10.11 Thickness of sliding plate .40
11 Marking and labelling .40
11.1 General .40
11.2 Information to be provided .40
11.3 Additional requirements .41
11.4 Marking and labelling examples .41
12 Test methods .41
13 Quality assurance .42
Bibliography .43
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and Rubber Products,
Subcommittee SC 4, Products (other than hoses).
A list of all parts in the ISO 22762 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
Introduction
The ISO 22762 series consists of five parts related to specifications for isolators. They are: ISO 22762-1
for test method, ISO 22762-2 for bridges, ISO 22762-3 for buildings, ISO/TS 22762-4 for guidance of
ISO 22762-3, and ISO 22762-5 for elastomeric sliding isolators for buildings.
This document specifies minimum requirements and test methods for elastomeric sliding isolators
used for buildings and the rubber material used in the manufacture of such isolators.
vi © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
Elastomeric seismic-protection isolators —
Part 5:
Sliding seismic-protection isolators for buildings
1 Scope
This document specifies minimum requirements and test methods for flat sliding seismic-protection
isolators used for buildings and the materials used in the manufacture of such isolators.
It is applicable to flat sliding seismic-protection isolators used to provide buildings with protection
from earthquake damage. The sliders are each mounted on elastomeric bearings to provide vertical
compliance and rotational flexibility about horizontal axes.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 37, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tensile stress-strain properties
ISO 48-2, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness — Part 2: Hardness between
10 IRHD and 100 IRHD
ISO 48-5, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness — Part 5: Indentation
hardness by IRHD pocket meter method
ISO 527, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties
ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite — Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore
hardness)
ISO 1431-1, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Resistance to ozone cracking — Part 1: Static and
dynamic strain testing
ISO 2039, Plastics — Determination of hardness
ISO 22762-1, Elastomeric seismic-protection isolators — Part 1: Test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
breaking
rupture of elastomeric isolator due to compression (or tension)-shear loading
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
3.2
buckling
state when elastomeric isolators lose their stability under compression-shear loading
3.3
compressive properties
K
v
compressive stiffness for elastomeric sliding isolators
3.4
compression-shear testing machine
machine used to test sliding isolators, which has the capability of shear loading under constant
compressive load
3.5
contact time
time from the end of subjecting the test piece to a compressive force to the start of subjecting a shear
force when performing the compressive-shear test
3.6
cover rubber
rubber wrapped around the outside of inner rubber and reinforcing steel plates before or after curing of
elastomeric isolators for the purposes of protecting the inner rubber from deterioration due to oxygen,
ozone and other natural elements and protecting the reinforcing plates from corrosion
3.7
design compressive stress
long-term compressive force on the sliding isolator imposed by the structure
3.8
effective loaded area
area sustaining vertical load in elastomeric isolators, which corresponds to the area of reinforcing steel
plates
3.9
effective width
smallest of the two side lengths of inner rubber to which direction shear displacement is not restricted
3.10
elastomeric sliding isolator
sliding isolator with rubber bearing which consists of multi-layered vulcanized rubber sheets and
reinforcing steel plates
3.11
first shape factor
ratio of effective loaded area (3.8) to free deformation area of one inner rubber layer between steel
plates
3.12
inner rubber
rubber between multi-layered steel plates inside an elastomeric isolator
3.13
maximum compressive stress
peak stress acting briefly on sliding isolators in compressive direction during an earthquake
3.14
routine test
test for quality control of the production isolators during and after manufacturing
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
3.15
second shape factor
〈circular elastomeric isolator〉 ratio of the diameter of the inner rubber (3.12) to the total thickness of
the inner rubber (3.12)
3.16
second shape factor
〈square or square elastomeric isolator〉 ratio of the effective width (3.9) of the inner rubber (3.12) to the
total thickness of the inner rubber (3.12)
3.17
shear properties of sliding isolators
comprehensive term that covers characteristics determined from isolator tests:
— initial shear stiffness, K , for elastomeric sliding isolator (3.10);
i
— friction coefficient, μ, for elastomeric sliding isolator (3.10).
3.18
sliding material
material which provides sliding functionality, when used as counterface to sliding plate
3.19
sliding plate
plate which provides sliding functionality
3.20
sliding friction coefficient
ratio of friction force versus normal compression force of sliding friction pair
3.21
standard value
value of isolator property defined by manufacturer based on the results of type test
3.22
structural engineer
engineer who is in charge of designing the structure for base-isolated buildings and is responsible for
specifying the requirements for sliding isolators
3.23
type test
test for verification either of material properties and isolator performances during development of the
product or that project design parameters are achieved
3.24
ultimate properties
properties at either buckling (3.2) or breaking (3.1) of an isolator under compression-shear loading
4 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols and descriptions
Symbol Description
A effective plan area of elastomeric sliding isolator, excluding cover rubber portion
A effective area of bolt
b
A overlap area between the top and bottom elastomer area of isolator
e
A effective loaded area of isolator
load
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 3
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ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Symbol Description
A area of the sliding material
s
a side length of square elastomeric isolator, excluding cover rubber thickness
a length of the square isolator, including cover rubber thickness
e
a side length of square flange
f
a side length of square sliding material
s
a side length of square sliding plate
sp
a′ length of the square isolator, including cover rubber thickness
B effective width for bending of flange
c bolt hole pitch circle diameter of on flange
D diameter of sliding material
s
D′ outer diameter of circular isolator, including cover rubber
D diameter of flange
f
d inner diameter of reinforcing steel plate
i
d diameter of bolt hole
k
d outer diameter of reinforcing steel plate
0
E apparent Young's modulus of bonded rubber layer
ap
E apparent Young's modulus corrected, if necessary, by allowing for compressibility
c
s
E apparent Young’s modulus corrected for bulk compressibility depending on its shape factor (S )
c 1
E bulk modulus of rubber
∞
E Young's modulus of rubber
0
G shear modulus
G (γ) equivalent linear shear modulus at shear strain
eq
H height of sliding isolator, including mounting flange
H height of sliding isolator, excluding mounting flange
n
K initial shear stiffness
i
K compressive stiffness
v
L length of one side of a square flange
f
M resistance to rotation
M moment acting on bolt
f
M moment acting on isolator
r
n number of rubber layers
n number of fixing bolts
b
P compressive force
P design compressive force in absence of seismic action effects
0
P maximum compressive force including seismic action effects
max
P minimum compressive force including seismic actions effects
min
Q shear force
Q shear force at break
b
Q shear force at buckling
buk
Q characteristic strength
d
S first shape factor
1
S second shape factor
2
T temperature
4 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Symbol Description
T standard temperature, 23 °C or 27 °C;
0
where specified tolerance is ±2 °C, T is standard laboratory temperature
0
T total rubber thickness, given by T = n × t
r r r
t thickness of one rubber layer
r
t , t thickness of rubber layer laminated on each side of plate
r1 r2
t thickness of one reinforcing steel plate
s
t protruding length of sliding material
sm
t thickness of outside cover rubber
0
U(γ) function giving ratio of characteristic strength to maximum shear force of a loop
V uplift force
v loading velocity
v design horizontal velocity
0
v for building: nominal horizontal velocity recommended by manufacturer
nom
W energy dissipated per cycle
d
X shear displacement
X design shear displacement
0
X shear displacement at break
b
X shear displacement at buckling
buk
X shear displacement due to quasi-static shear movement
s
X maximum shear displacement
max
X shear displacement due to dynamic shear movement
d
Y compressive displacement
Z section modulus of flange
α coefficient of linear thermal expansion
γ shear strain of laminated rubber
γ shear strain at break of laminated rubber
b
γ local shear strain due to compressive force of laminated rubber
c
γ local shear strain due to rotation of laminated rubber
r
γ ultimate shear strain of laminated rubber
u
δ horizontal offset of isolator
H
δ difference in isolator height measured between two points at opposite extremes of the isolator
v
ε compressive strain of laminated rubber
ε creep strain
cr
ζ rati
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22762-5
First edition
Elastomeric seismic-protection
isolators —
Part 5:
Sliding seismic-protection isolators
for buildings
Appareils d'appuis structuraux en élastomère pour protection
sismique —
Partie 5: Isolateurs de protection sismique glissants pour bâtiments
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 3
5 Classification . 6
5.1 Isolator types . 6
5.2 Classification by sliding friction coefficient . 6
5.3 Cross-section of isolator . 6
6 Requirements . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Type tests and routine tests. 9
6.3 Functional requirements .10
6.4 Design compressive force and design horizontal velocity .10
6.5 Performance requirements .10
6.5.1 General.10
6.5.2 Tolerance on properties.11
6.6 Rubber material .11
6.6.1 Requirements .11
6.7 Sliding material.12
6.7.1 Requirements .12
6.7.2 Sliding materials tests .12
6.8 Requirements on steel used for flanges, connecting flanges, key plates, steel plates,
backing plates, sliding plates and base plates .13
7 Isolator tests .13
7.1 General .13
7.2 Compression, shear stiffness and friction coefficient tests .13
7.2.1 Compression properties .13
7.2.2 Compressive-shear test .13
7.3 Various dependence tests .16
7.3.1 Compressive force dependence of shear properties .16
7.3.2 Velocity dependence of shear properties .18
7.3.3 Repeated deformation dependence of shear properties .20
7.3.4 Temperature dependence of shear properties .22
7.3.5 Vertical loading time dependence of shear properties .24
7.3.6 Dependence of compressive stiffness on compressive stress range .26
7.4 Ultimate shear properties .28
7.4.1 Principle .28
7.4.2 Test machine .28
7.4.3 Test piece .28
7.4.4 Test conditions.28
7.4.5 Procedure .28
7.4.6 Expression of results .29
7.4.7 Test report .29
7.5 Durability testing .30
7.5.1 Degradation test .30
7.5.2 Creep test . .31
8 Rubber material tests .32
8.1 Tensile properties tests .32
8.2 Hardness test .32
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
8.3 Ozone resistance test .32
9 Design rules .32
9.1 General .32
9.2 Elastic sliding bearing .33
9.2.1 Vertical stiffness .33
9.2.2 Horizontal properties .33
9.2.3 Maximum horizontal displacement .33
9.2.4 Maximum compressive load .34
10 Manufacturing tolerances .34
10.1 General .34
10.2 Measuring instruments .35
10.3 Plan dimensions .35
10.3.1 Measurement method .35
10.3.2 Tolerances .35
10.4 Product height .36
10.4.1 Measurement method .36
10.4.2 Tolerances .36
10.5 Flatness .37
10.5.1 Measurement method .37
10.5.2 Tolerances .37
10.6 Horizontal offset .38
10.7 Plan dimensions of flanges .38
10.8 Flange thickness .39
10.9 Tolerances on positions of flange bolt holes .39
10.10 Dimensions of sliding plate .39
10.11 Thickness of sliding plate .40
11 Marking and labelling .40
11.1 General .40
11.2 Information to be provided .40
11.3 Additional requirements .41
11.4 Marking and labelling examples .41
12 Test methods .41
13 Quality assurance .42
Bibliography .43
iv PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and Rubber Products,
Subcommittee SC 4, Products (other than hoses).
A list of all parts in the ISO 22762 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
Introduction
The ISO 22762 series consists of five parts related to specifications for isolators. They are: ISO 22762-1
for test method, ISO 22762-2 for bridges, ISO 22762-3 for buildings, ISO/TS 22762-4 for guidance of
ISO 22762-3, and ISO 22762-5 for elastomeric sliding isolators for buildings.
This document specifies minimum requirements and test methods for elastomeric sliding isolators
used for buildings and the rubber material used in the manufacture of such isolators.
vi PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
Elastomeric seismic-protection isolators —
Part 5:
Sliding seismic-protection isolators for buildings
1 Scope
This document specifies minimum requirements and test methods for flat sliding seismic-protection
isolators used for buildings and the materials used in the manufacture of such isolators.
It is applicable to flat sliding seismic-protection isolators used to provide buildings with protection
from earthquake damage. The sliders are each mounted on elastomeric bearings to provide vertical
compliance and rotational flexibility about horizontal axes.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 37, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tensile stress-strain properties
ISO 48-2, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness — Part 2: Hardness between
10 IRHD and 100 IRHD
ISO 48-5, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness — Part 5: Indentation
hardness by IRHD pocket meter method
ISO 527, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties
ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite — Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore
hardness)
ISO 1431-1, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Resistance to ozone cracking — Part 1: Static and
dynamic strain testing
ISO 2039, Plastics — Determination of hardness
ISO 22762-1, Elastomeric seismic-protection isolators — Part 1: Test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
breaking
rupture of elastomeric isolator due to compression (or tension)-shear loading
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE 1
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
3.2
buckling
state when elastomeric isolators lose their stability under compression-shear loading
3.3
compressive properties
K
v
compressive stiffness for elastomeric sliding isolators
3.4
compression-shear testing machine
machine used to test sliding isolators, which has the capability of shear loading under constant
compressive load
3.5
contact time
time from the end of subjecting the test piece to a compressive force to the start of subjecting a shear
force when performing the compressive-shear test
3.6
cover rubber
rubber wrapped around the outside of inner rubber and reinforcing steel plates before or after curing of
elastomeric isolators for the purposes of protecting the inner rubber from deterioration due to oxygen,
ozone and other natural elements and protecting the reinforcing plates from corrosion
3.7
design compressive stress
long-term compressive force on the sliding isolator imposed by the structure
3.8
effective loaded area
area sustaining vertical load in elastomeric isolators, which corresponds to the area of reinforcing steel
plates
3.9
effective width
smallest of the two side lengths of inner rubber to which direction shear displacement is not restricted
3.10
elastomeric sliding isolator
sliding isolator with rubber bearing which consists of multi-layered vulcanized rubber sheets and
reinforcing steel plates
3.11
first shape factor
ratio of effective loaded area (3.8) to free deformation area of one inner rubber layer between steel
plates
3.12
inner rubber
rubber between multi-layered steel plates inside an elastomeric isolator
3.13
maximum compressive stress
peak stress acting briefly on sliding isolators in compressive direction during an earthquake
3.14
routine test
test for quality control of the production isolators during and after manufacturing
2 PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
3.15
second shape factor
〈circular elastomeric isolator〉 ratio of the diameter of the inner rubber (3.12) to the total thickness of
the inner rubber (3.12)
3.16
second shape factor
〈square or square elastomeric isolator〉 ratio of the effective width (3.9) of the inner rubber (3.12) to the
total thickness of the inner rubber (3.12)
3.17
shear properties of sliding isolators
comprehensive term that covers characteristics determined from isolator tests:
— initial shear stiffness, K , for elastomeric sliding isolator (3.10);
i
— friction coefficient, μ, for elastomeric sliding isolator (3.10)
3.18
sliding material
material which provides sliding functionality, when used as counterface to sliding plate
3.19
sliding plate
plate which provides sliding functionality
3.20
sliding friction coefficient
ratio of friction force versus normal compression force of sliding friction pair
3.21
standard value
value of isolator property defined by manufacturer based on the results of type test
3.22
structural engineer
engineer who is in charge of designing the structure for base-isolated buildings and is responsible for
specifying the requirements for sliding isolators
3.23
type test
test for verification either of material properties and isolator performances during development of the
product or that project design parameters are achieved
3.24
ultimate properties
properties at either buckling (3.2) or breaking (3.1) of an isolator under compression-shear loading
4 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols and descriptions
Symbol Description
A effective plan area of elastomeric sliding isolator, excluding cover rubber portion
A effective area of bolt
b
A overlap area between the top and bottom elastomer area of isolator
e
A effective loaded area of isolator
load
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE 3
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ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Symbol Description
A area of the sliding material
s
a side length of square elastomeric isolator, excluding cover rubber thickness
a length of the square isolator, including cover rubber thickness
e
a side length of square flange
f
a side length of square sliding material
s
a side length of square sliding plate
sp
a′ length of the square isolator, including cover rubber thickness
B effective width for bending of flange
c bolt hole pitch circle diameter of on flange
D diameter of sliding material
s
D′ outer diameter of circular isolator, including cover rubber
D diameter of flange
f
d inner diameter of reinforcing steel plate
i
d diameter of bolt hole
k
d outer diameter of reinforcing steel plate
0
E apparent Young's modulus of bonded rubber layer
ap
E apparent Young's modulus corrected, if necessary, by allowing for compressibility
c
s
E apparent Young’s modulus corrected for bulk compressibility depending on its shape factor (S )
c 1
E bulk modulus of rubber
∞
E Young's modulus of rubber
0
G shear modulus
G (γ) equivalent linear shear modulus at shear strain
eq
H height of sliding isolator, including mounting flange
H height of sliding isolator, excluding mounting flange
n
K initial shear stiffness
i
K compressive stiffness
v
L length of one side of a square flange
f
M resistance to rotation
M moment acting on bolt
f
M moment acting on isolator
r
n number of rubber layers
n number of fixing bolts
b
P compressive force
P design compressive force in absence of seismic action effects
0
P maximum compressive force including seismic action effects
max
P minimum compressive force including seismic actions effects
min
Q shear force
Q shear force at break
b
Q shear force at buckling
buk
Q characteristic strength
d
S first shape factor
1
S second shape factor
2
T temperature
4 PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO 22762-5:2021(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Symbol Description
T standard temperature, 23 °C or 27 °C;
0
where specified tolerance is ±2 °C, T is standard laboratory temperature
0
T total rubber thickness, given by T = n × t
r r r
t thickness of one rubber layer
r
t , t thickness of rubber layer laminated on each side of plate
r1 r2
t thickness of one reinforcing steel plate
s
t protruding length of sliding material
sm
t thickness of outside cover rubber
0
U(γ) function giving ratio of characteristic strength to maximum shear force of a loop
V uplift force
v loading velocity
v design horizontal velocity
0
v for building: nominal horizontal velocity recommended by manufacturer
nom
W energy dissipated per cycle
d
X shear displacement
X design shear displacement
0
X shear displacement at break
b
X shear displacement at buckling
buk
X shear displacement due to quasi-static shear movement
s
X maximum shear displacement
max
X shear displacement due to dynamic shear movement
d
Y compressive displacement
Z section modulus of flange
α coefficient of linear thermal expansion
γ shear strain of laminated rubber
γ shear strain at break of laminated rubber
b
γ local shear strain due to compressive force of laminated rubber
c
γ local shear strain due to rotation of laminated rubber
r
γ ultimate shear strain of laminated rubber
u
δ horizontal offset of isolator
H
δ difference in isolator height measure
...
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