ISO 12900:2018
(Main)Hard coal — Determination of abrasiveness
Hard coal — Determination of abrasiveness
This document describes a method for determining the abrasiveness of hard coal.
Houille — Détermination de l'abrasivité
Črni premog - Ugotavljanje abrazivnosti
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST ISO 12900:2016
Črni premog - Ugotavljanje abrazivnosti
Hard coal - Determination of abrasiveness
Houille - Détermination de l'abrasivité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 12900:2018
ICS:
73.040 Premogi Coals
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12900
Third edition
2018-11
Hard coal — Determination of
abrasiveness
Houille — Détermination de l'abrasivité
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus . 1
6 Sample preparation . 5
7 Procedure. 8
8 Calculation . 8
9 Reporting of results . 8
10 Precision of the determination . 8
11 Test report . 9
Bibliography .10
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee
SC 5, Methods of analysis.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 12900:2015), of which it constitutes a
minor revision to provide clarification on how to operate the abrasion test machine in Clause 7.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The abrasiveness of coal is recognized as a factor in coal operations, from mining to utilization, requiring
a standard method of measurement and evaluation, as some coals are more abrasive than others.
The interaction between coal and conveying, storage, and crushing equipment results in component
wear. In particular, higher contact pressures in some coal pulverizers result in significant wear.
[1]
For the ranking or relative comparison of the abrasiveness of coals, a test was developed which
standardized the following equipment variables:
a) test equipment dimensions and tolerances;
b) speed of rotation of wearing components;
c) properties of the wearing components;
d) mass of the test portion;
e) top particle size of the test portion;
f) duration of the test.
The abrasiveness of coal is generally a function of two factors: the physical properties of the coal, in
[1][2][3][4][5][6]
particular, moisture content, mineral content, and mineral characteristics ; the mechanics
of the operations to which the coal is subjected.
NOTE Moisture contents over 10 % in the test sample after air-drying and laboratory equilibration might
give anomalous results; the reason for this has not been established.
Wear on coal-pulverizing elements in industrial mills is influenced by the physical characteristics of
the coal and its mineral constituents, the mechanical characteristics of the mill, including the milling
pressures, alloy material properties and coal feed flow, and the operation of the mill. Abrasiveness as
determined by this document has been demonstrated to provide initial empirical estimates of specific
wear rates in certain types of industrial tube-ball mills, vertical spindle mills, and high-speed hammer
[3][6]
mills , with different coefficients for each mill type.
Abrasiveness as determined by this document might be of value in providing an initial estimate of the
likely wear in other applications, giving the relative effect of different coals.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12900:2018(E)
Hard coal — Determination of abrasiveness
1 Scope
This document describes a method for determining the abrasiveness of hard coal.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 589, Hard coal — Determination of total moisture
ISO 3310-1, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth
ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 13909-2, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 2: Coal — Sampling from moving streams
ISO 13909-3, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 3: Coal — Sampling from stationary lots
ISO 13909-4, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 4: Coal — Preparation of test samples
ISO 18283, Hard coal and coke — Manual sampling
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
Four standard steel blades are rotated under specified conditions in a 2 kg mass of prepared coal in a
test machine. The abrasiveness is calculated from the mass of steel lost during the test.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Abrasion test machine, comprising the following components:
5.1.1 Blades, of the following types:
1)
a) A set of four reference blades , having a Vickers hardness of 160 ± 15 when tested in accordance
with ISO 6507-1. When new, the blades, machined with the bar rolling direction parallel to the line
of the bolt holes, from a bar of carbon steel, shall have the shape, dimensions, and surface finish
1) Suitable blades are available from Mitsui Babcock Energy Ltd., Technology Centre, Renfrew, U.K. This information
is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these
products. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
shown in Figure 1. To reduce the extent of varying hardness near the surface, care should be taken
during machining to minimize surface distortion and heating of the blades. The blades shall be
marked for identification.
A new set of blades shall be “run in” by carrying out a number of abrasiveness determinations on
2 kg test portions of the same coal until constant results (within the limits of repeatability, see
Clause 10) are obtained.
When blades are not in use, they should be wrapped in a cloth containing a rust-preventive solution
and stored in a desiccator. Immediately prior to use, the blades should be cleaned with a suitable
solvent, e.g. methylated spirits, and allowed to air-dry in a desiccator.
The reference set of blades shall be discarded when any of the following conditions occurs:
— the wear on the leading edge or corners is greater than 3 mm;
— the blades cannot be correctly adjusted in the jig.
After a number of tests, the wearing surface of the blades might become rough, in which case
each blade should be gently polished with a finegrained emery paper and reconditioned prior to
further use.
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 1 — Blades
b) A set of four working blades, conforming to the requirements of 5.1.1 and checked successively
against the reference blades when their original mass has decreased by 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, or more
frequently if required.
The working set of blades shall be discarded when the results obtained on a sample using the
working set differ, after a minimum of three determinations, by more than the limit of repeatability
from the value obtained using the reference set.
After a number of tests, the wearing surface of the blades might become rough, in which case
each blade should be gently polished with a finegrained emery paper and reconditioned prior to
further use.
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
5.1.2 Mill mortar, having dimensions as shown in Figure 2 and fitted with a dust-tight cover. The
lower sections of the walls may be recessed to accommodate a replaceable liner. Hardened metal or hard
metal plate is recommended for the mill mortar (or liner if fitted). The mill mortar shall be discarded (or
a new liner fitted) when the tolerance shown in Figure 2 is exceeded.
5.1.3 Quadrant, having four arms with elongated bolt holes for attachment and adjustment of the
blades using round-head bolts, nuts, and spring washers. The quadrant shall be capable of being removed
from the mill mortar (see Figure 2).
Some test machines have quadrants which are not removable. For these machines, the blades should be
adjusted using suitable gauges so that the trailing and bottom edges are positioned (6,4 ± 0,1) mm from
the wall and bottom of the mill mortar.
−1 −1
5.1.4 Dri
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12900
Third edition
2018-11
Hard coal — Determination of
abrasiveness
Houille — Détermination de l'abrasivité
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus . 1
6 Sample preparation . 5
7 Procedure. 8
8 Calculation . 8
9 Reporting of results . 8
10 Precision of the determination . 8
11 Test report . 9
Bibliography .10
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee
SC 5, Methods of analysis.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 12900:2015), of which it constitutes a
minor revision to provide clarification on how to operate the abrasion test machine in Clause 7.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The abrasiveness of coal is recognized as a factor in coal operations, from mining to utilization, requiring
a standard method of measurement and evaluation, as some coals are more abrasive than others.
The interaction between coal and conveying, storage, and crushing equipment results in component
wear. In particular, higher contact pressures in some coal pulverizers result in significant wear.
[1]
For the ranking or relative comparison of the abrasiveness of coals, a test was developed which
standardized the following equipment variables:
a) test equipment dimensions and tolerances;
b) speed of rotation of wearing components;
c) properties of the wearing components;
d) mass of the test portion;
e) top particle size of the test portion;
f) duration of the test.
The abrasiveness of coal is generally a function of two factors: the physical properties of the coal, in
[1][2][3][4][5][6]
particular, moisture content, mineral content, and mineral characteristics ; the mechanics
of the operations to which the coal is subjected.
NOTE Moisture contents over 10 % in the test sample after air-drying and laboratory equilibration might
give anomalous results; the reason for this has not been established.
Wear on coal-pulverizing elements in industrial mills is influenced by the physical characteristics of
the coal and its mineral constituents, the mechanical characteristics of the mill, including the milling
pressures, alloy material properties and coal feed flow, and the operation of the mill. Abrasiveness as
determined by this document has been demonstrated to provide initial empirical estimates of specific
wear rates in certain types of industrial tube-ball mills, vertical spindle mills, and high-speed hammer
[3][6]
mills , with different coefficients for each mill type.
Abrasiveness as determined by this document might be of value in providing an initial estimate of the
likely wear in other applications, giving the relative effect of different coals.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12900:2018(E)
Hard coal — Determination of abrasiveness
1 Scope
This document describes a method for determining the abrasiveness of hard coal.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 589, Hard coal — Determination of total moisture
ISO 3310-1, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth
ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 13909-2, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 2: Coal — Sampling from moving streams
ISO 13909-3, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 3: Coal — Sampling from stationary lots
ISO 13909-4, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 4: Coal — Preparation of test samples
ISO 18283, Hard coal and coke — Manual sampling
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
Four standard steel blades are rotated under specified conditions in a 2 kg mass of prepared coal in a
test machine. The abrasiveness is calculated from the mass of steel lost during the test.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Abrasion test machine, comprising the following components:
5.1.1 Blades, of the following types:
1)
a) A set of four reference blades , having a Vickers hardness of 160 ± 15 when tested in accordance
with ISO 6507-1. When new, the blades, machined with the bar rolling direction parallel to the line
of the bolt holes, from a bar of carbon steel, shall have the shape, dimensions, and surface finish
1) Suitable blades are available from Mitsui Bab
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12900
Third edition
2018-11
Hard coal — Determination of
abrasiveness
Houille — Détermination de l'abrasivité
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus . 1
6 Sample preparation . 5
7 Procedure. 8
8 Calculation . 8
9 Reporting of results . 8
10 Precision of the determination . 8
11 Test report . 9
Bibliography .10
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee
SC 5, Methods of analysis.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 12900:2015), of which it constitutes a
minor revision to provide clarification on how to operate the abrasion test machine in Clause 7.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The abrasiveness of coal is recognized as a factor in coal operations, from mining to utilization, requiring
a standard method of measurement and evaluation, as some coals are more abrasive than others.
The interaction between coal and conveying, storage, and crushing equipment results in component
wear. In particular, higher contact pressures in some coal pulverizers result in significant wear.
[1]
For the ranking or relative comparison of the abrasiveness of coals, a test was developed which
standardized the following equipment variables:
a) test equipment dimensions and tolerances;
b) speed of rotation of wearing components;
c) properties of the wearing components;
d) mass of the test portion;
e) top particle size of the test portion;
f) duration of the test.
The abrasiveness of coal is generally a function of two factors: the physical properties of the coal, in
[1][2][3][4][5][6]
particular, moisture content, mineral content, and mineral characteristics ; the mechanics
of the operations to which the coal is subjected.
NOTE Moisture contents over 10 % in the test sample after air-drying and laboratory equilibration might
give anomalous results; the reason for this has not been established.
Wear on coal-pulverizing elements in industrial mills is influenced by the physical characteristics of
the coal and its mineral constituents, the mechanical characteristics of the mill, including the milling
pressures, alloy material properties and coal feed flow, and the operation of the mill. Abrasiveness as
determined by this document has been demonstrated to provide initial empirical estimates of specific
wear rates in certain types of industrial tube-ball mills, vertical spindle mills, and high-speed hammer
[3][6]
mills , with different coefficients for each mill type.
Abrasiveness as determined by this document might be of value in providing an initial estimate of the
likely wear in other applications, giving the relative effect of different coals.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12900:2018(E)
Hard coal — Determination of abrasiveness
1 Scope
This document describes a method for determining the abrasiveness of hard coal.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 589, Hard coal — Determination of total moisture
ISO 3310-1, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth
ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 13909-2, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 2: Coal — Sampling from moving streams
ISO 13909-3, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 3: Coal — Sampling from stationary lots
ISO 13909-4, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 4: Coal — Preparation of test samples
ISO 18283, Hard coal and coke — Manual sampling
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
Four standard steel blades are rotated under specified conditions in a 2 kg mass of prepared coal in a
test machine. The abrasiveness is calculated from the mass of steel lost during the test.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Abrasion test machine, comprising the following components:
5.1.1 Blades, of the following types:
1)
a) A set of four reference blades , having a Vickers hardness of 160 ± 15 when tested in accordance
with ISO 6507-1. When new, the blades, machined with the bar rolling direction parallel to the line
of the bolt holes, from a bar of carbon steel, shall have the shape, dimensions, and surface finish
1) Suitable blades are available from Mitsui Bab
...
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