ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004
(Main)Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 1: Vision, Technologies and Strategy
Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 1: Vision, Technologies and Strategy
ISO/IEC TR 2100-1:2004 describes a multimedia usage environment founded upon ubiquitous networks and aimed at encouraging new business models for trading digital content. In this environment, the traditional boundaries between content types blur as they are all treated as multimedia resources in new products and services. Additionally, individuals are becoming increasingly aware of the value, both commercial and intrinsic, of their own digital asset resources. ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004 addresses these issues through a vision of the "Multimedia Framework". This is intended to support transactions that are interoperable and highly automated, which are required to support these new types of commerce. Thus, the new MPEG-21 tools enable new techniques for the creation, collection, packaging and distribution of content. The MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework is based on two essential concepts: the definition of a fundamental unit of distribution and transaction (the Digital Item) and the concept of Users interacting with Digital Items. The Digital Items can be considered the "what" of the Multimedia Framework (e.g. a video collection, a music album) and the Users can be considered the "who" of the Multimedia Framework. The second edition of ISO/IEC TR 21000-1 has been prepared within ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 to reflect the progress made on the definition of the MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework.
Technologies de l'information — Cadre multimédia (MPEG-21) — Partie 1: Vision, technologies et stratégie
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Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/IEC
REPORT TR
21000-1
Second edition
2004-11-01
Information technology — Multimedia
framework (MPEG-21) —
Part 1:
Vision, Technologies and Strategy
Technologies de l'information — Cadre multimédia (MPEG-21) —
Partie 1: Vision, technologies et stratégie
Reference number
ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2004
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ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004(E)
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ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Executive Summary . vii
Introduction . viii
1 Scope. 1
2 Terms and definitions. 1
3 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 2
4 Structure of the Technical Report . 5
5 Overview . 5
5.1 Problem Statement . 5
5.2 Solution Statement . 5
5.3 Normative Implications. 6
5.4 Conformance and Reference Software. 6
5.5 Description of a Multimedia Framework Architecture . 6
5.5.1 Introduction . 6
5.5.2 Digital Items. 7
5.5.3 Users . 7
5.6 Example MPEG-21 Use Case . 7
5.6.1 Introduction . 7
5.6.2 Enabling MPEG-21 Technologies. 8
5.7 Collaboration with other multimedia standardisation initiatives. 10
6 About ISO/IEC 21000-1:2001 . 10
7 Overview of the MPEG-21 Parts . 11
7.1 Introduction . 11
7.2 Part 1 – Vision, Technologies and Strategy . 11
7.3 Part 2 – Digital Item Declaration (DID) . 11
7.4 Part 3 – Digital Item Identification (DII) . 12
7.5 Part 4 – Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP). 12
7.6 Part 5 – Rights Expression Language (REL). 12
7.7 Part 6 – Rights Data Dictionary (RDD) . 13
7.8 Part 7 – Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) . 14
7.9 Part 8 – Reference Software. 14
7.10 Part 9 – File Format. 14
7.11 Part 10 – Digital Item Processing (DIP). 15
7.12 Part 11 – Evaluation Methods for Persistent Association Technologies. 15
7.13 Part 12 – Test Bed for MPEG-21 Resource Delivery. 15
7.14 Part 13 – Scalable Video Coding . 15
8 MPEG-21 Achievements. 16
8.1 Introduction . 16
8.2 ISO/IEC 21000-2: Digital Item Declaration (DID). 16
8.2.1 Goal . 16
8.2.2 Rationale . 16
8.2.3 Key concepts and basic approach. 17
8.3 ISO/IEC 21000-3: Digital Item Identification (DII).20
8.3.1 Goal . 20
8.3.2 Rationale . 20
8.3.3 Key concepts and basic approach. 20
8.4 ISO/IEC 21000-5: Rights Expression Language (REL) . 20
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ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004(E)
8.4.1 Goal.20
8.4.2 Rationale .20
8.4.3 Key concepts and basic approach .21
8.5 ISO/IEC 21000-6: Rights Data Dictionary (RDD).22
8.5.1 Goal.22
8.5.2 Rationale .22
8.5.3 Key concepts .23
8.6 ISO/IEC 21000-7: Digital Item Adaptation (DIA).23
8.6.1 Goal.23
8.6.2 Rationale .24
8.6.3 Key concepts and basic approach .24
9 Highlights of the MPEG-21 Parts under Development .25
9.1 Introduction.25
9.2 ISO/IEC 21000-10: Digital Item Processing.25
9.2.1 Goal.25
9.2.2 Rationale .26
9.2.3 Key Concepts.26
9.3 ISO/IEC 21000-11: Evaluation Methods for Persistent Association Technologies .27
9.3.1 Goal.27
9.3.2 Rationale .27
9.3.3 Key concepts .27
9.4 ISO/IEC 21000-12: Test Bed for MPEG-21 Resource Delivery .28
9.4.1 Goal.28
9.4.2 Rationale .28
9.4.3 Key Concepts.28
Annex A (informative) List of Activities Related to the Multimedia Framework.30
Bibliography.38
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ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, the joint technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report
of one of the following types:
— type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
despite repeated efforts;
— type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the
future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard;
— type 3, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is
normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example).
Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide whether
they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to
be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC TR 21000-1, which is a Technical Report of type 3, was prepared by Joint Technical Committee
ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and
hypermedia information.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2001), which has been
technically revised.
ISO/IEC 21000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Multimedia
framework (MPEG-21):
Part 1: Vision, Technologies and Strategy [TR]
Part 2: Digital Item Declaration
Part 3: Digital Item Identification
Part 5: Rights Expression Language
Part 6: Rights Data Dictionary
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ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004(E)
Part 7: Digital Item Adaptation
Part 8: Reference Software
Part 9: File Format
Part 11: Evaluation Tools for Persistent Association Technologies [TR]
The following part is under preparation:
Part 10: Digital Item Processing
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ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004(E)
Executive Summary
Currently, multimedia technology provides content creators and consumers with a myriad of coding, access
and distribution possibilities. At the same time, communication infrastructure is being put into place to enable
access to information and multimedia services from almost anywhere at anytime. Still, no global end-to-end
solutions exist allowing all different user communities to interact in an interoperable way. This lack of
interoperable (and thus standardized) solutions is stalling the deployment of advanced multimedia packaging
and distribution applications although most of the individual technologies are indeed already present.
This motivated MPEG (ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29 WG11) in June 2000 to start to work on the definition of enabling
normative technology for the multimedia applications of the 21st century: MPEG-21 “Multimedia Framework”.
MPEG-21’s approach is to define a framework to support transactions that are interoperable and highly
automated, specifically taking into account Intellectual Property Management and Protection requirements and
targeting multimedia access and delivery using heterogeneous networks and terminals. The significant
progress that was made in developing MPEG-21 since the publication of first edition of this Technical Report
in 2001 (ISO/IEC 21000-1:2001) has led to this updated version.
Based on the above observations, MPEG-21 aims at defining a normative albeit open framework for
multimedia creation and sharing for use by all the players in the delivery and consumption chain. This open
framework will provide content creators and service providers with equal opportunities in the MPEG-21
enabled open market. This will also be to the benefit of the content consumer providing them access to a large
variety of content in an interoperable manner.
The MPEG-21 vision can thus be summarized as follows: to define a multimedia framework to enable
transparent and augmented use of multimedia resources across a wide range of networks and devices used
by different communities.
MPEG-21 identifies and defines the normative technologies needed to support the multimedia delivery chain
as described above as well as the relationships between and the operations supported by them. Within the
parts of MPEG-21, these elements are elaborated by defining the syntax and semantics of their characteristics,
such as interfaces to the elements.
Part 1 of MPEG-21 (ISO/IEC 21000-1) provides:
a) A vision for a multimedia framework to enable transparent and augmented use of multimedia resources
1)
across a wide range of networks and devices to meet the needs of all Users .
b) A method to facilitate the integration of components and standards in order to harmonise technologies for
the creation, management, manipulation, transport, distribution and consumption of content.
c) A strategy for achieving a multimedia framework by the development of specifications and standards
based on well-defined functional requirement through collaboration with other bodies.
1) A User is any entity that interacts in the MPEG-21 environment or makes use of a Digital Item (all capitalised terms
are used as defined in Clause 2).
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ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004(E)
Introduction
End users’ appetite for content and the accessibility of information is increasing at an incredible pace. Access
devices, with a myriad set of different terminal and network capabilities, are making their way into end users’
lives. Additionally, these access devices are used in different locations and environments. Their users,
however, are currently not given tools to deal efficiently with all the intricacies of this new multimedia usage
environment.
Enabling “ease of use” is becoming increasingly important as individuals are producing more and more digital
media for their personal use and for sharing among family and friends (as is evidenced by the large number of
amateur music, photo and media sharing web sites). These amateur “content providers” have many of the
same concerns as commercial content providers (management of content, re-purposing of content based on
consumer/device capabilities, protection of rights, protection from unauthorised access/modification,
protection of privacy of providers and consumers, etc.).
Such developments provide new models for distributing and trading digital content electronically in addition to
existing business models for trading physical goods. Such new business models mean that the boundaries
between the delivery of audio sound (music and spoken word), accompanying artwork (graphics), text (lyrics),
video (visual) and synthetic spaces will become increasingly blurred. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly
difficult to identify the different intellectual property rights that are associated with multimedia content. New
solutions are required to manage the access and delivery process of these different content types in an
integrated and harmonized way, entirely transparent to the user of multimedia services.
This motivates the MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework initiative that aims to enable transparent and augmented
use of multimedia resources across a wide range of networks and devices, specifically taking into account
Intellectual Property Management and Protection and the heterogeneity of the access and delivery
infrastructure.
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004(E)
Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) —
Part 1:
Vision, Technologies and Strategy
1 Scope
This Technical Report has been prepared within ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 to reflect the progress made on
the definition of the MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework. This progress is a result of the combination of WG 11’s
efforts to standardise the parts of the multimedia framework where it has the appropriate expertise, and the
integration with standards initiatives which are being developed by other bodies. The intention of this
collaborative approach is to maximise harmonisation of efforts and enable effective standards solutions to be
implemented in the shortest possible time.
The Technical Report is introduced by a problem statement and a solution statement. The problem statement
describes a multimedia usage environment founded upon ubiquitous networks that is encouraging new
business models for trading digital content. In this environment, the distinction between content types is less
clear as their integration as multimedia resources in new products and services makes the traditional
boundaries less distinct. In addition, individuals are becoming increasingly aware of the value, both
commercial and intrinsic, of their own digital asset resources and new possibilities presented by the tools
which enable them to create and collect, package and distribute content. The solution statement introduces
the vision of the Multimedia Framework to support transactions that are interoperable and highly automated,
which is required to support these new types of commerce.
This MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework is based on two essential concepts: the definition of a fundamental unit
of distribution and transaction (the Digital Item) and the concept of Users interacting with Digital Items. The
Digital Items can be considered the “what” of the Multimedia Framework (e.g., a video collection, a music
album) and the Users can be considered the “who” of the Multimedia Framework.
The goal of MPEG-21 can be phrased as: defining the technology needed to support Users to exchange,
access, consume, trade and otherwise manipulate Digital Items in an efficient, transparent and interoperable
way. This Technical Report gives an overview of the technologies that have been identified to enable this goal
(and that are consequently being reflected into the different parts of the MPEG-21 standard).
In creating its definition of a multimedia framework and in making its proposals and recommendations for
further standardisation, MPEG-21 is taking into account other related multimedia activities. The Technical
Report identifies other multimedia initiatives that are currently in progress that are considered as candidates
for future interaction and collaboration with the standards work plan agreed by MPEG-21 (see also Annex A).
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Report, the following terms and definitions apply:
2.1
Abstraction
Distinct intellectual or artistic creation or concept.
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ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004(E)
2.2
Asset
Manifestation, i.e. a physical or digital embodiment of an Expression.
2.3
Digital Item
Structured digital object with a standard representation, identification and metadata within the MPEG-21
framework. [ISO/IEC 21000-2]
NOTE: This entity is also the fundamental unit of distribution and transaction within this framework.
2.4
End User
User taking the role of consumer, i.e. being at the end of a value or delivery chain
EXAMPLE: a human consumer, an agent operating on behalf of a human consumer, etc.
NOTE: “User” refers to all participants in the value or delivery chain.
2.5
Expression
Intellectual or artistic realisation of an Abstraction.
2.6
Manifestation
The physical or digital embodiment of an Expression.
2.7
Peer
2)
Device or application that compliantly processes a Digital Item .
2.8
Resource
Individually identifiable Asset such as a video or audio clip, an image, or a textual Asset. [ISO/IEC 21000-2]
NOTE: A Resource may also potentially be a physical object.
2.9
User
Any entity that interacts in the MPEG-21 environment or makes use of Digital Items.
EXAMPLE: Creator, rights holders, distributors and consumers of Digital Items.
3 Symbols and abbreviated terms
List of symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1
API
Application Program Interface
2) The term “Terminal” is usually avoided within the MPEG-21 documents because of its connotation as being the end
point in a chain of communication. Besides such applications, the term Peer explicitly also includes devices or applications
that create or alter Digital Items, and that handle Digital Items “in transit”. How compliance will be achieved is currently
being discussed.
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ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004(E)
3.2
CATV
Community Aerial Television
3.3
CD
Compact Disc
3.4
DI
Digital Item
3.5
DIA
Digital Item Adaptation
3.6
DIBO
Digital Item Base Operations
3.7
DID
Digital Item Declaration
3.8
DII
Digital Item Identification
3.9
DIP
Digital Item Processing
3.10
DIME
Digital Item Method Engine
3.11
DMIF
Multimedia Integration Framework
3.12
DVB
Digital Video Broadcasting
3.13
ECMA
European Computer Manufacturer Association
3.14
HTML
Hypertext Mark-up Language
3.15
ID
IDentifier
3.16
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
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ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004(E)
3.17
IPMP
Intellectual Property Management and Protection
3.18
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
3.19
JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group
3.20
MHP
Multimedia Home Platform
3.21
LAN
Local Area Network
3.22
MIDI
Musical Industry Digital Interface
3.23
MPEG
Motion Picture Experts Group
3.24
MSF
Multiservice Switching Forum
3.25
QoS
Quality of Service
3.26
RDD
Rights Data Dictionary
3.27
REL
Rights Expression Language
3.28
SNR
Signal to Noise Ratio
3.29
TR
Technical Report
3.30
TV
TeleVision
3.31
XML
eXtensible Mark-up Language
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ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004(E)
4 Structure of the Technical Report
The Technical Report is introduced by a problem statement and a solution statement. The problem statement
describes a multimedia usage environment founded upon ubiquitous networks that is encouraging new
business models for trading digital content. The solution statement introduces the vision of the Multimedia
Framework to support transactions that are interoperable and highly automated, which is required to support
these new types of commerce.
Then, the two essential concepts of the Multimedia Framework are introduced: the definition of a fundamental
unit of distribution and transaction (the Digital Item) and the concept of Users interacting with Digital Items.
Clause 6 provides some brief background on the first edition of this document (ISO/IEC 21000-1:2001). In that
document, seven architectural key elements needed to support MPEG-21’s goals have been identified. These
architectural key elements eventually lead to the formulation of requirements for the different MPEG-21 parts.
Following the publication of fir
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