ISO/FDIS 19659-4
(Main)Railway applications — Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems for rolling stock — Part 4: Design parameters, test and inspection items for the HVAC unit
Railway applications — Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems for rolling stock — Part 4: Design parameters, test and inspection items for the HVAC unit
This document covers the following as a guideline: - the basic design parameters to be provided to the HVAC unit manufacturer by the rolling stock manufacturer and the railway operator; - the basic test/inspection items, requirements and methods used by the HVAC unit manufacturer.
Applications ferroviaires — Systèmes de chauffage, ventilation et climatisation pour le matériel roulant — Partie 4: Paramètres de conception, éléments d’essai et d’inspection pour l’unité HVAC
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 269/SC 2
Railway applications — Heating,
Secretariat: AFNOR
ventilation and air conditioning
Voting begins on:
systems for rolling stock —
2025-10-31
Part 4:
Voting terminates on:
2025-12-26
Design parameters, test and
inspection items for the HVAC unit
Applications ferroviaires — Systèmes de chauffage, ventilation et
climatisation pour le matériel roulan —
Partie 4: Paramètres de conception, éléments d’essai et
d’inspection pour l’unité HVAC
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 269/SC 2
Railway applications — Heating,
Secretariat: AFNOR
ventilation and air conditioning
Voting begins on:
systems for rolling stock —
Part 4:
Voting terminates on:
Design parameters, test and
inspection items for the HVAC unit
Applications ferroviaires — Systèmes de chauffage, ventilation et
climatisation pour le matériel roulan —
Partie 4: Paramètres de conception, éléments d’essai et
d’inspection pour l’unité HVAC
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions .2
3.2 Abbreviations .2
4 Prerequisites (design parameters) for the HVAC unit . 3
4.1 General .3
4.2 Design parameters to be provided to the HVAC unit manufacturer .3
4.2.1 HVAC unit installation requirements .3
4.2.2 Air flow requirements .3
4.2.3 Cooling and heating performance requirements .5
4.2.4 Electric and electronic requirements .7
4.2.5 Control requirements . .9
4.2.6 Structure requirements .11
4.2.7 Strength requirements .11
4.2.8 Component requirements. 12
4.2.9 Maintenance requirements . 12
4.2.10 Environmental requirements . 12
4.2.11 Noise and vibration requirements. 13
4.3 Summary of design parameters . 13
5 Specification .13
5.1 General . 13
5.2 Test or inspection items and requirement specifications by the HVAC unit manufacturer . 13
5.2.1 Air volume flow rate and system pressure drop test . 13
5.2.2 Cooling and heating tests . 13
5.2.3 Functional test.14
5.2.4 Cooling and heating operation and safety checks .14
5.2.5 Noise test .14
5.2.6 Blocked forces (if applicable) .14
5.2.7 Shock and vibration test . 15
5.2.8 Water tightness test . 15
5.2.9 Air tightness test (if applicable) . 15
5.2.10 Air leakage test (if applicable) . 15
5.2.11 Electrical insulation resistance and dielectric test . 15
5.2.12 Starting characteristics test .16
5.2.13 Refrigerant circuit tightness test .16
5.2.14 Mass and centre of gravity measurement .16
5.2.15 Visual, dimensional and constructional inspection.16
5.2.16 Maintainability demonstration .16
5.2.17 Marking and labelling inspection .16
5.2.18 EMC test . .16
5.2.19 Specific materials and parts tests.16
5.3 Classification of test and inspection items .17
6 Validation and verification .18
6.1 General .18
6.2 Recording and measuring instruments .18
6.2.1 General .18
6.2.2 Recording .18
6.2.3 Measuring instruments . .18
6.3 Test and inspection procedures including test facility and equipment, data to be
recorded, position of measuring points and criteria.18
iii
6.3.1 Air volume flow rate and system pressure drop test .18
6.3.2 Cooling and heating tests .21
6.3.3 Functional test. 28
6.3.4 Cooling and heating operation and safety checks . 29
6.3.5 Noise test .32
6.3.6 Blocked forces test . 36
6.3.7 Shock and vibration test . 38
6.3.8 Water tightness test . 40
6.3.9 Air tightness test .43
6.3.10 Air leakage test .45
6.3.11 Electrical insulation resistance and dielectric test . 46
6.3.12 Starting characteristics test (if applicable) . 48
6.3.13 Refrigerant circuit tightness test . 49
6.3.14 Mass and centre of gravity measurement .51
6.3.15 Visual, dimensional and constructional inspection.52
6.3.16 Maintainability demonstration . 54
6.3.17 Marking and labelling inspection . 54
6.3.18 EMC test . . 55
6.3.19 Specified materials and parts tests . 58
6.4 Test or inspection report .59
6.4.1 General information .59
6.4.2 Type test report . 60
6.4.3 Routine test report . 60
Annex A (informative) List of the design parameters to be provided to the HVAC unit
manufacturer . 61
Bibliography . 67
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 269, Railway applications, Subcommittee SC 2,
Rolling stock.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19659 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
Introduction
Since the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) unit is one of the main components of the HVAC
system, its quality and performance is a key issue to improve thermal comfort and energy efficiency for
rolling stock.
The purpose is:
— to develop a common International Standard for the validation of a HVAC unit,
— to establish methodologies and requirements on a component basis to demonstrate conformity with the
technical specifications of the HVAC unit,
— to establish a clear scope of responsibility in case performance issues occur after mounting the HVAC
unit on the rolling stock.
The justification is:
— currently, there is no common International Standard for the validation of a HVAC unit;
— generally, existing national and regional HVAC unit standards are designed for air-conditioning systems
in buildings; there only a few standards for rolling stock;
— therefore, there is a need to unify the methodologies of the HVAC unit standards into one single document;
— this will not affect any existing national or regional standard.
vi
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 19659-4:2025(en)
Railway applications — Heating, ventilation and air
conditioning systems for rolling stock —
Part 4:
Design parameters, test and inspection items for the HVAC unit
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and guidelines for:
— the design parameters to be provided to the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) unit
manufacturer by the rolling stock manufacturer (“Customer”) and the railway operator,
— the test and inspection items, requirements and methods used by the HVAC unit manufacturer to verify
that the HVAC unit conforms with the design parameters.
This document is applicable to HVAC units for the passenger area and driver’s cabs in urban (metro,
tramway), suburban, regional and main line vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3743-1, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using
sound pressure — Engineering methods for small movable sources in reverberant fields — Part 1: Comparison
method for a hard-walled test room
ISO 3743-2, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure —
Engineering methods for small, movable sources in reverberant fields — Part 2: Methods for special reverberation
test rooms
ISO 3744, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound
pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
ISO 3745, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound
pressure — Precision methods for anechoic rooms and hemi-anechoic rooms
ISO 3746, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound
pressure — Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane
ISO 3747, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound
pressure — Engineering/survey methods for use in situ in a reverberant environment
ISO 9614-2, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity — Part 2:
Measurement by scanning
ISO 19659-1, Railway applications — Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems for rolling stock — Part
1: Terms and definitions
ISO 19659-2, Railway applications — Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems for rolling stock — Part
2: Thermal comfort
ISO 19659-3, Railway applications — Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems for rolling stock — Part
3: Energy efficiency
IEC 60077-1, Railway applications — Electric equipment for rolling stock — Part 1: General service conditions
and general rules
IEC 60077-2, Railway applications — Electric equipment for rolling stock — Part 2: Electrotechnical components
- General rules
IEC 61373, Railway applications — Rolling stock equipment – Shock and vibration tests
IEC 62236-3-2, Railway applications — Electromagnetic compatibility — Part 3-2: Rolling stock — Apparatus
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 19659-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the abbreviations given in ISO 19659-1 apply.
AC Alternating current
CMM Coordinate measuring machine
DB Dry bulb
DC Direct current
EMC Electromagnetic compatibility
FEM Finite element method
FFT Fast Fourier transform
FST Fire, smoke and toxicity
GWP Global warming potential
HF High frequency
HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
LED Light emitting diode
PTC Positive temperature coefficient
PTU Portable testing unit
RMS Root mean square
RPM Revolutions per minute
TCMS Train control monitor system
VOC Volatile organic compounds
WB Wet bulb
4 Prerequisites (design parameters) for the HVAC unit
4.1 General
The design parameters shall be clearly specified in the technical specification so that the HVAC unit
manufacturer can design and build the HVAC unit to meet the customers' requirements.
This clause gives an overview of the design parameters that should be specified as good engineering practice
including the parameters to calculate the total annual energy consumption and the total annual energy
efficiency of the HVAC unit. The latter is important, as in most cases, after the traction system, the HVAC
system is the second largest power consumer on the train.
4.2 Design parameters to be provided to the HVAC unit manufacturer
4.2.1 HVAC unit installation requirements
As a minimum, the following design parameters shall be provided:
— the type of the railway vehicle (high speed, commuter, Cat. 1, Cat. 2, Cat. 3 in ISO 19659-2),
— the type of the HVAC unit (compact, split in ISO 19659-1),
— HVAC unit location (roof mounted, roof embedded, ceiling mounted, on floor mounted, under floor
mounted in ISO 19659-1),
— the number of the HVAC units per railway vehicle.
These are summarized in Table A.1.
4.2.2 Air flow requirements
4.2.2.1 Air volume flow rates
The following items shall be considered for air flow requirements:
a) fresh air volume flow rate
— fresh air volume flow rate per person depending on operating conditions as specified in relevant
national or regional standard or in its absence ISO 19659-2,
— number of passengers (normal and maximum);
NOTE In case the free cooling mode is required, the fresh air volume flow rate can be higher. The free cooling
mode is specified in ISO 19659-1.
b) supply air volume flow rate based on following heat gains
— heat transfer (including glazing),
— heat emission from person specified in ISO 19659-2,
— fresh air (specified in ISO 19659-1) (ventilation),
— passenger door cycling air infiltration,
— solar radiation (glazing and opaque surfaces) specified in ISO 19659-2,
— heat emission of supply fans and other equipment specified in ISO 19659-2,
— lighting and miscellaneous internal heat gains specified in ISO 19659-2;
c) return air volume flow rate;
d) exhaust air volume flow rate: air volume flow rate required to be exhausted from technical cabinets,
WCs, galleys, etc. and to compensate the fresh air volume rates to maintain the required vehicle inside
pressure;
e) infiltration air volume flow rate.
These are summarized in Table A.2.
4.2.2.2 Back pressure at air interfaces
The following items shall be considered for back pressure at air interfaces:
a) fresh air inlet back pressure
— pressure loss through the ducts,
— type and efficiency of air filters in 4.2.8,
— filter condition (clean or dirty),
— external contamination,
— drip or mist separator,
— dampers action,
— back pressure due to train speed, especially in case of a high-speed train,
— back pressure due to other equipment;
b) supply air outlet back pressure
— pressure loss through the ducts,
— dampers action,
— mechanical parts friction,
— diffusers,
— vehicle internal pressure;
c) return air inlet back pressure
— pressure loss through the ducts,
— type and efficiency of air filters in 4.2.8,
— filter condition (clean or dirty),
— internal contamination,
— dampers action,
— vehicle internal pressure;
d) exhaust air back pressure, if applicable
— pressure loss through the ducts,
— back pressure due to train speed, especially in case of a high-speed train,
— back pressure due to other equipment,
— dampers action,
— vehicle internal pressure.
These are summarized in Table A.2.
4.2.2.3 Air flow distribution
Air flow distribution (uniformity of air speed, temperature) at the supply air flow outlet(s), shall be
considered.
These are summarized in Table A.2.
4.2.3 Cooling and heating performance requirements
4.2.3.1 Common requirements
The design conditions shall be specified as described in ISO 19659-2.
a) exterior design conditions
— temperature and corresponding relative humidity,
— solar radiation,
— altitude,
— train speed;
b) extreme exterior conditions;
c) fresh air volume flow rate;
d) interior design conditions;
— temperature and maximum corresponding relative humidity,
— latent and sensible loads.
The thermal impact of other systems on the train and of the infrastructure on the HVAC system shall be
specified and taken into account.
NOTE Other systems are, for example, braking resistors, battery cooling system and traction converter. An
example for the infrastructure would be recycling of expelled air due to tunnel or station platform.
The maximum total annual energy consumption and maximum power consumption of the HVAC unit should
be specified.
These are summarized in Table A.3.
Based on the above and the car data, the information for the design and testing of the HVAC unit shall be
derived.
4.2.3.2 Cooling performance requirements
The design parameters in 4.2.3.1 and the following information shall be provided:
a) exterior condition (air temperature and relative humidity): design point, maximum operating point,
minimum operating point;
b) mixed air condition or interior condition (air temperature and relative humidity): design point,
maximum operating point, minimum operating point;
c) cooling capacity (total cooling capacity and sensible cooling capacity) or supply air condition (in
combination with supply air volume flow rate from 4.2.2); if a different cooling capacity is required
for pre-cooling mode, degraded mode, free cooling mode or other conditions, cooling capacity and
conditions should be specified;
d) local air temperature (in case that they are different from exterior value)
— fresh air inlet,
— outdoor heat exchanger air inlet;
e) information if the system has reheating conditions to control inside maximum humidity level;
f) filter condition (clean or dirty), e.g. 20 % of surface covered, 10 % reduction in air volume flow rate,
simulation of maximum acceptable pressure drop at nominal air volume flow rate;
g) heat exchangers condition (clean or dirty), e.g. 20 % of surface covered, 10 % reduction in air volume
flow rate;
h) pressure drop caused by outside air flow speed or other factors affecting the total pressure drop of
outdoor heat exchanger area in the HVAC unit;
i) additional operating point to calculate the total annual energy consumption for the HVAC unit, if any
(refer to ISO 19659-3).
These are summarized in Table A.3.
4.2.3.3 Heating performance requirements (electric heater type)
The following design parameters in 4.2.3.1 and information shall be provided:
a) exterior condition (air temperature): design point, maximum operating point;
b) mixed air condition or interior condition (air temperature): design point, maximum operating point;
c) heating capacity or supply air condition (in combination with supply air volume flow rate from 4.2.2);
if a different heating capacity is required for pre-heating mode, degraded mode or other conditions,
heating capacity and conditions should be specified;
NOTE Heating capacity can be provided by other equipment such as electric heater installed under passenger
seat. The heating capacity for design of HVAC unit is the capacity required for HVAC unit only.
d) local air temperature (in case that they are different from exterior value): fresh air inlet;
e) filter condition (clean or dirty);
f) maximum allowable duct temperature;
g) additional operating point to calculate the total annual energy consumption for the HVAC unit, if any
(refer to ISO 19659-3);
h) information about exhaust heat recovery system (system schematic, operation, etc.) to cooperate with
the HVAC unit, if it exists.
These are summarized in Table A.3.
4.2.3.4 Heating performance requirements (heat pump type)
The following design parameters in 4.2.3.1 and information shall be provided:
a) exterior condition (air temperature and relative humidity): design point, maximum operating point,
minimum operating point;
NOTE 1 Relative humidity is only relevant for outdoor heat exchanger.
b) mixed air condition or interior condition (air temperature): design point, maximum operating point,
minimum operating point;
c) heating capacity or supply air condition (in combination with supply air volume flow rate from 4.2.2);
NOTE 2 Heating capacity can be provided by other equipment such as electric heaters installed under
passenger seats. The heating capacity to be provided as design parameter of HVAC unit is the capacity required
for the HVAC unit only.
If a different heating capacity is required for pre-heating mode, degraded mode or other conditions,
heating capacity and conditions should be specified.
d) local air temperature (in case that they are different from exterior value)
— fresh air inlet,
— outdoor heat exchanger air inlet;
e) filter condition (clean or dirty);
f) maximum allowable duct temperature;
g) heat exchangers condition (clean or dirty);
h) pressure drop caused by outside air flow speed or other factors affecting the total pressure drop of
outdoor heat exchanger area in the HVAC unit;
i) additional operating point to calculate the total annual energy consumption for the HVAC unit, if any
(refer to ISO 19659-3);
j) information about exhaust heat recovery system (system schematic, operation, etc.) to cooperate with
the HVAC unit, if exist.
These are summarized in Table A.3.
4.2.4 Electric and electronic requirements
4.2.4.1 General
The scope of this subclause covers the use of on board electrical and electronic equipment inside the HVAC
unit on rolling stock.
Electronic and electrical equipment inside the HVAC unit shall be designed and manufactured to meet the
full performance specification requirement for the actual temperatures occurring at the location of the
equipment concerned. The design shall take into account temperature rises within cubicles to ensure that
the components do not exceed their specified temperature ratings.
4.2.4.2 Electronic requirement
4.2.4.2.1 General
Electrical machinery produces electromagnetic interference and therefore, it is important to reduce this as
much as possible so that other sensitive electrical and electronic devices do not malfunction, for example, by
other on-train electronic and electrical equipment or hand-held radio-transmitters.
The EMC test to be applied (e.g. IEC 62236-3-2 or another equivalent standard) shall be specified.
These are summarized in Table A.4.
4.2.4.2.2 Immunity requirements
The electronic components within the HVAC unit shall have immunity from specified fast transients, surges,
electrostatic discharges and radio frequencies.
4.2.4.2.3 Emission requirements
The conducted and radiated disturbances generated by electronic components within the HVAC unit shall
respect the specified emission limits.
4.2.4.3 Power supply
4.2.4.3.1 Supply from accumulator battery
For equipment supplied from a battery, the following information shall be provided:
— nominal and rated voltage,
— minimum and maximum voltage during a specific time interval,
— DC ripple factor,
— interruptions of voltage to be taken into account (frequency and duration),
— allowable power consumption for the HVAC unit (normal, reduced power supply) under different
conditions (e.g. design conditions, extreme conditions and emergency ventilation),
— allowable power consumption for the HVAC unit in operational points of operational point matrix for
calculation total annual energy consumption.
These are summarized in Table A.4.
4.2.4.3.2 Supply by a static converter or an independently driven generator
For equipment supplied from a static converter or a rotating set, the following information shall be provided:
— nominal and rated voltage,
— minimum and maximum voltage during a specific time interval,
— number of phases and availability of neutral line,
— fundamental frequency and tolerance,
— harmonics,
— maximum allowed imbalance,
— minimum allowed power factor,
— interruptions of voltage to be taken into account (frequency and duration),
— maximum inrush current,
— allowable real and apparent power consumption for the HVAC unit (normal, reduced power supply)
under different conditions (e.g. design conditions, extreme conditions and emergency ventilation) in kW
and kVA,
— allowable power consumption for the HVAC unit in operational points of operational point matrix for
calculation total annual energy consumption.
These are summarized in Table A.4.
4.2.4.3.3 Supply with overhead line or third rail
For equipment for which the power supply is derived directly from the overhead line or third rail, power
supply shall be in accordance with IEC 60850 or another equivalent standard.
The following information shall be provided:
— nominal and rated voltage,
— minimum and maximum voltage during a specific time interval,
— interruptions of voltage to be taken into account (frequency and duration),
— allowable power consumption for the HVAC unit (normal, reduced power supply) under different
conditions (e.g. design conditions, extreme conditions),
— allowable power consumption for the HVAC unit in operational points of operational point matrix for
calculation total annual energy consumption.
These are summarized in Table A.4.
4.2.4.4 Other design parameters
Additionally, the following information shall be provided:
— dielectric test voltages for rated insulation voltage,
— electrical insulation resistance,
— maximum impedance or minimum cross-section of catenary line earthing (for roof-mounted equipment
with catenary line).
These are summarized in Table A.4.
4.2.5 Control requirements
The HVAC unit is typically provided with a microprocessor-based control to control the elements of the
HVAC system according to the required operation as specified by the technical specification.
The HVAC unit will typically communicate with the TCMS and other components over either communication
bus, digital or analogue inputs or outputs or combination of these.
The HVAC unit shall be provided with protection functions to prevent excessive temperatures. These can
include:
— air flow sensing device or fan feedback signal,
— overheat protection device with automatic reset to interrupt the power supply,
— overheat protection device with manual reset, independent from other protections, to interrupt the
power supply,
— electrical heater with intrinsic overtemperature protection (e.g. PTC heaters).
The HVAC unit shall be provided with protection functions to prevent excessively high or low pressures in
the refrigerating circuit. These can include:
— high pressure switch,
— low pressure switch,
— pressure relief devices.
The required behaviour of the HVAC unit in case of fire inside and in case of fire outside of the train shall be
specified.
When a protection function is activated, this should give feedback to the HVAC controller or the TCMS.
Depending on the required functions, the HVAC unit can also comprise of following elements (not exhaustive):
a) sensor or switch
— temperature sensor or switch (air),
— humidity sensor (air),
— CO sensor (air),
— VOC sensor (air),
— differential pressure sensor or switch (air),
— smoke sensor or switch (air),
— pressure sensor or switch (refrigerating circuit);
b) damper;
c) valve;
d) relay;
e) contactor;
f) circuit breaker;
g) fuse;
h) voltage, phase sequence, over current detection;
i) motor;
j) converter, inverter, transformer;
k) hard wired external signal, e.g. interior temperature setting selector.
In case the microprocessor-based control is unavailable, it is recommended to have a back-up solution with a
degraded temperature control, while maintaining the above-mentioned protection functions.
In case a certain functionality is required when a power supply is unavailable, this functionality shall be
specified.
These are summarized in Table A.5.
4.2.6 Structure requirements
The following design parameters shall be provided.
a) to mount the HVAC unit correctly and firmly, and to minimize vibration:
— fixation method (to secure the HVAC unit to the vehicle),
— mechanical interference from other systems on the train,
— mechanical interference of the infrastructure on the service route,
— interface information (mechanical, electrical, maintenance),
— critical dimensions,
— allowable weight.
b) to avoid incorrect air flows through the HVAC unit:
— information about local pressures at air in- and outlets, which can produce reverse air flow due to
aerodynamic effects,
— limits regarding leakages and maximum or minimum outside pressure to be considered (air tightness
applicable to operation on high speed lines with tunnels).
NOTE For example, maximum leakage factor at static gauge pressure 400 Pa f for typical HVAC housing is
[12]
specified in EN 1886:2007, 6.1.1 and Table 4 , as
−3 3 2
f = 1,32 × 10 (m /s)/m
c) to avoid water ingress into the car interior:
— rain amount,
— rainfall duration,
— car washing water amount, angle and pressure,
— washing duration,
— maximum acceleration, inclination and cant for condensate drainage,
— conditions (temperature, relative humidity and running time) to check that there is no condensate
carry over.
These are summarized in Table A.6.
4.2.7 Strength requirements
The following design parameters shall be provided.
a) lifting information and limitation,
b) shock and vibration test (IEC 61373 or another equivalent standard) to be applied,
c) proof and fatigue load cases for FEM calculations, including number of cycles for the latter,
d) concentrated load on specific surfaces.
EXAMPLE For covers, maximum weight of the maintenance personnel, in case the maintenance personnel
are required to travel from one end of the car to the other.
The stress impact by other systems on the train or by
...
ISO/TC 269/SC 2/WG 2
Secretariat: AFNOR
Date: 2025-10-17
Railway applications — Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
systems for rolling stock — —
Part 4:
Design parameters, test and inspection items for the HVAC unit
First edition
Date: 2025-02-17
ISO #####-#:####(X)
Applications ferroviaires — Systèmes de chauffage, ventilation et climatisation pour le matériel roulan —
Partie 4: Paramètres de conception, éléments d’essai et d’inspection pour l’unité HVAC
FDIS stage
2 © ISO #### – All rights reserved
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO'sISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO Copyright Office copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Email: E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
iii
Contents
Foreword . Error! Bookmark not defined.
Introduction . Error! Bookmark not defined.
1 Scope . Error! Bookmark not defined.
2 Normative references . Error! Bookmark not defined.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1 Terms and definitions . Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2 Abbreviations . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4 Prerequisites (design parameters) for the HVAC unit . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1 General . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2 Design parameters to be provided to the HVAC unit manufacturer . Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.3 Summary of design parameters . Error! Bookmark not defined.
5 Specification . Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.1 General . Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2 Test or inspection items and requirement specifications by the HVAC unit manufacturer
................................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.3 Classification of test and inspection items . Error! Bookmark not defined.
6 Validation and verification . Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.1 General . Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.2 Recording and measuring instruments . Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.3 Test and inspection procedures including test facility and equipment, data to be recorded,
position of measuring points and criteria . Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.4 Test or inspection report . Error! Bookmark not defined.
(informative) List of the design parameters to be provided to the HVAC unit manufacturerError!
Bookmark not defined.
Bibliography . Error! Bookmark not defined.
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Field Code Changed
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Field Code Changed
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 269, Railway applications, Subcommittee SC 2,
Rolling Stockstock.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19659 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
Introduction
Since the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) unit is one of the main components of the HVAC
system, its quality and performance is a key issue to improve thermal comfort and energy efficiency for rolling
stock.
The purpose is:
— — to develop a common International Standard for the validation of a HVAC unit,
— — to establish methodologies and requirements on a component basis to demonstrate conformity with
the technical specifications of the HVAC unit,
— — to establish a clear scope of responsibility in case performance issues occur after mounting the HVAC
unit on the rolling stock.
The justification is:
— Currently, we havecurrently, there is no common International Standard for the validation of a HVAC unit,;
— Generallygenerally, existing national and regional HVAC unit standards are designed for air-conditioning
systems in buildings; there only a few standards for rolling stock.;
— Thereforetherefore, there is a need to unify the methodologies of the HVAC unit standards into one single
document.;
— Thisthis will not affect any existing national or regional standard.
vi
Railway Applications applications — Heating, ventilation and air-
condition conditioning systems for rolling stock — —
Part 4:
Design parameters, test and inspection items for the HVAC unit
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and guidelines for:
— — the design parameters to be provided to the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) unit
manufacturer by the rolling stock manufacturer (“Customer”) and the railway operator,
— — the test and inspection items, requirements and methods used by the HVAC unit manufacturer to
verify that the HVAC unit conforms with the design parameters.
This document is applicable to HVAC units for the passenger area and driver’s cabs in urban (metro, tramway),
suburban, regional and main line vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3743-1, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using
sound pressure — Engineering methods for small movable sources in reverberant fields — Part 1: Comparison
method for a hard-walled test room
ISO 3743-2, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure —
Engineering methods for small, movable sources in reverberant fields — Part 2: Methods for special reverberation
test rooms
ISO 3744, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound
pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
ISO 3745, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound
pressure — Precision methods for anechoic rooms and hemi-anechoic rooms
ISO 3746, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound
pressure — Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane
ISO 3747, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound
pressure — Engineering/survey methods for use in situ in a reverberant environment
ISO 9614-2, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity — Part 2:
Measurement by scanning
ISO 19659--1, Railway applications — Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems for rolling stock — Part
1: Terms and definitions
ISO 19659--2, Railway applications — Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems for rolling stock — Part
2: Thermal comfort
ISO 19659--3, Railway applications — Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems for rolling stock — Part
3: Energy efficiency
IEC 60077--1, Railway applications — Electric equipment for rolling stock — Part 1: General service conditions
and general rules
IEC 60077--2, Railway applications — Electric equipment for rolling stock — Part 2: Electrotechnical
components - General rules
IEC 61373, Railway applications — Rolling stock equipment – Shock and vibration tests
IEC 62236--3-2, Railway applications — Electromagnetic compatibility — Part 3-2: Rolling stock — Apparatus
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 19659-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the abbreviations given in ISO 19659-1 apply.
AC Alternating current
CMM Coordinate measuring machine
DB Dry bulb
DC Direct current
EMC Electromagnetic compatibility
FEM Finite element method
FFT Fast Fourier transform
FST Fire, smoke and toxicity
GWP Global warming potential
HF High frequency
HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
LED Light emitting diode
PTC Positive temperature coefficient
PTU Portable testing unit
RMS Root mean square
RPM Revolutions per minute
TCMS Train control monitor system
VOC Volatile organic compounds
WB Wet bulb
4 Prerequisites (design parameters) for the HVAC unit
4.1 General
The design parameters shall be clearly specified in the technical specification so that the HVAC unit
manufacturer can design and build the HVAC unit to meet the customers' requirements.
This clause gives an overview of the design parameters that should be specified as good engineering practice
including the parameters to calculate the total annual energy consumption and the total annual energy
efficiency of the HVAC unit. The latter is important, as in most cases, after the traction system, the HVAC system
is the second largest power consumer on the train.
4.2 Design parameters to be provided to the HVAC unit manufacturer
4.2.1 HVAC unit installation requirements
As a minimum, the following design parameters shall be provided:
— — the type of the railway vehicle (high speed, commuter, Cat. 1, Cat. 2, Cat. 3 in ISO 19659-2),
— — the type of the HVAC unit (compact, split in ISO 19659-1),
— — HVAC unit location (roof mounted, roof embedded, ceiling mounted, on floor mounted, under floor
mounted in ISO 19659-1),
— — the number of the HVAC units per railway vehicle.
These are summarized in Table A.1Table A.1.
4.2.2 Air flow requirements
4.2.2.1 Air volume flow rates
The following items shall be considered for air flow requirements:
a) a) Freshfresh air volume flow rate
— — fresh air volume flow rate per person depending on operating conditions as specified in
relevant national or regional standard or in its absence ISO 19659-2,
— — number of passengers (normal and maximum).);
NOTE In case the free cooling mode is required, the fresh air volume flow rate can be higher. FreeThe free
cooling mode is specified in ISO 19659-1.
b) b) Supplysupply air volume flow rate based on following heat gains
— — heat transfer (including glazing),
— — heat emission from person specified in ISO 19659-2,
— — fresh air (specified in ISO 19659-1) (ventilation),
— — passenger door cycling air infiltration,
— — solar radiation (glazing and opaque surfaces) specified in ISO 19659-2,
— — heat emission of supply fans and other equipment specified in ISO 19659-2,
— — lighting and miscellaneous internal heat gains specified in ISO 19659-2,;
c) c) Returnreturn air volume flow rate;
d) d) Exhaustexhaust air volume flow rate: air volume flow rate required to be exhausted from
technical cabinets, WCs, galleys, etc. and to compensate the fresh air volume rates to maintain the required
vehicle inside pressure;
e) e) Infiltrationinfiltration air volume flow rate.
These are summarized in Table A.2Table A.2.
4.2.2.2 Back pressure at air interfaces
The following items shall be considered for back pressure at air interfaces:
a) a) Freshfresh air inlet back pressure
— — pressure loss through the ducts,
— — type and efficiency of air filters in 4.2.84.2.8,,
— — filter condition (clean or dirty),
— — external contamination,
— — drip or mist separator,
— — dampers action,
— back pressure due to train speed, especially in case of a high-speed train,
— — back pressure due to train speed, especially in case of a high-speed train,
— — back pressure due to other equipment.;
b) b) Supplysupply air outlet back pressure
— — pressure loss through the ducts,
— — dampers action,
— — mechanical parts friction,
— — diffusers,
— — vehicle internal pressure.;
c) c) Returnreturn air inlet back pressure
— — pressure loss through the ducts,
— — type and efficiency of air filters in 4.2.84.2.8,,
— — filter condition (clean or dirty),
— — internal contamination,
— — dampers action,
— — vehicle internal pressure.;
d) d) Exhaustexhaust air back pressure, if applicable
— — pressure loss through the ducts,
— — back pressure due to train speed, especially in case of a high-speed train,
— — back pressure due to train speed, especially in case of a high-speed train,
— back pressure due to other equipment,
— — dampers action,
— — vehicle internal pressure.
These are summarized in Table A.2Table A.2.
4.2.2.3 Air flow distribution
Air flow distribution (uniformity of air speed, temperature), for example) at the supply air flow outlet(s), shall
be considered.
These are summarized in Table A.2Table A.2.
4.2.3 Cooling and heating performance requirements
4.2.3.1 Common requirements
The design conditions shall be specified as described in ISO 19659-2.
a) a) Exteriorexterior design conditions
— — temperature and corresponding relative humidity,
— — solar radiation,
— — altitude,
— — train speed.;
b) b) Extremeextreme exterior conditions;
c) c) Freshfresh air volume flow rate;
d) d) Interiorinterior design conditions;
— — temperature and maximum corresponding relative humidity,
— — latent and sensible loads.
The thermal impact of other systems on the train and of the infrastructure on the HVAC system shall be
specified and taken into account.
NOTE Other systems are, for example, braking resistors, battery cooling system and traction converter. An example
for the infrastructure would be recycling of expelled air due to tunnel or station platform.
The maximum total annual energy consumption and maximum power consumption of the HVAC unit should
be specified.
These are summarized in Table A.3Table A.3.
Based on the above and the car data, the information for the design and testing of the HVAC unit shall be
derived.
4.2.3.2 Cooling performance requirements
The following design parameters in 4.2.3.14.2.3.1 and the following information shall be provided.:
a) a) Exteriorexterior condition (air temperature and relative humidity): Designdesign point,
maximum operating point, minimum operating point;
b) b) Mixedmixed air condition or interior condition (air temperature and relative humidity):
Designdesign point, maximum operating point, minimum operating point;
c) Coolingcooling capacity (total cooling capacity and sensible cooling capacity) or supply air condition (in
combination with supply air volume flow rate from 4.2.24.2.2)
c) If); if a different cooling capacity will beis required for pre-cooling mode, degraded mode, free cooling
mode or other conditions, cooling capacity and conditions should be specified.;
d) d) Locallocal air temperature (in case that they are different from exterior value)
— — fresh air inlet,
— — outdoor heat exchanger air inlet.;
e) e) Informationinformation if the system has reheatreheating conditions to control inside
maximum humidity level;
f) f) Filterfilter condition (clean or dirty), e.g. 20 % of surface covered, 10 % reduction in air volume
flow rate, simulation of maximum acceptable pressure drop at nominal air volume flow rate;
g) g) Heatheat exchangers condition (clean or dirty), e.g. 20 % of surface covered, 10 % reduction in
air volume flow rate;
h) h) Pressurepressure drop caused by outside air flow speed or other factors affecting the total
pressure drop of outdoor heat exchanger area in the HVAC unit;
i) i) Additionaladditional operating point to calculate the total annual energy consumption for the
HVAC unit, if any (refer to ISO 19659-3)).
These are summarized in Table A.3Table A.3.
4.2.3.3 Heating performance requirements (electric heater type)
The following design parameters in 4.2.3.14.2.3.1 and information shall be provided.:
a) Exteriorexterior condition (air temperature)
b)a) — ): design point, maximum operating point;
b) Mixedmixed air condition or interior condition (air temperature)
d)b) — ): design point, maximum operating point;
c) Heatingheating capacity or supply air condition (in combination with supply air volume flow rate from
4.2.24.2.2)
e)c) If); if a different heating capacity is required for pre-heating mode, degraded mode, or other conditions,
heating capacity and conditions should be specified.;
NOTE Heating capacity can be provided by other equipment such as electric heater installed under passenger
seat. The heating capacity for design of HVAC unit is the capacity required for HVAC unit only.
d) Locallocal air temperature (in case that they are different from exterior value)
e)d) — ): fresh air inlet;
f)e) e) Filterfilter condition (clean or dirty));
g)f) f) Maximummaximum allowable duct temperature;
h)g) g) Additionaladditional operating point to calculate the total annual energy consumption for the
HVAC unit, if any (refer to ISO 19659-3));
i)h) h) Informationinformation about exhaust heat recovery system (system schematic, operation,
etc.) to cooperate with the HVAC unit, if it exists.
These are summarized in Table A.3Table A.3.
4.2.3.4 Heating performance requirements (heat pump type)
The following design parameters in 4.2.3.14.2.3.1 and information shall be provided.:
a) a) Exteriorexterior condition (air temperature and relative humidity): design point, maximum
operating point, minimum operating point;
NOTE 1 Relative humidity is only relevant for outdoor heat exchanger.
b) b) Mixedmixed air condition or interior condition (air temperature): design point, maximum
operating point, minimum operating point;
c) c) Heatingheating capacity or supply air condition (in combination with supply air volume flow
rate from 4.2.24.2.2));
NOTE 2 Heating capacity can be provided by other equipment such as electric heaters installed under passenger
seats. The heating capacity to be provided as design parameter of HVAC unit is the capacity required for the HVAC
unit only.
If a different heating capacity will beis required for pre-heating mode, degraded mode, or other
conditions, heating capacity and conditions should be specified.
d) d) Locallocal air temperature (in case that they are different from exterior value)
— — fresh air inlet,
— — outdoor heat exchanger air inlet.;
e) e) Filterfilter condition (clean or dirty));
f) f) Maximummaximum allowable duct temperature;
g) g) Heatheat exchangers condition (clean or dirty));
h) h) Pressurepressure drop caused by outside air flow speed or other factors affecting the total
pressure drop of outdoor heat exchanger area in the HVAC unit;
i) i) Additionaladditional operating point to calculate the total annual energy consumption for the
HVAC unit, if any (refer to ISO 19659-3));
j) j) Informationinformation about exhaust heat recovery system (system schematic, operation,
etc.) to cooperate with the HVAC unit, if exist.
These are summarized in Table A.3Table A.3.
4.2.4 Electric and electronic requirements
4.2.4.1 General
The scope of this subclause covers the use of on board electrical and electronic equipment inside the HVAC
unit on rolling stock.
Electronic and electrical equipment inside the HVAC unit shall be designed and manufactured to meet the full
performance specification requirement for the actual temperatures occurring at the location of the equipment
concerned. The design shall take into account temperature rises within cubicles to ensure that the components
do not exceed their specified temperature ratings.
4.2.4.2 Electronic requirement
4.2.4.2.1 General
Electrical machinery produces electromagnetic interference and therefore, it is important to reduce this as
much as possible so that other sensitive electrical and electronic devices do not malfunction, for example, by
other on-train electronic and electrical equipment or hand-held radio-transmitters.
The requirements ofEMC test to be applied (e.g. IEC 62236-3-2 or another equivalent standard) shall be
fulfilled when the HVAC unit is operatingspecified.
These are summarized in Table A.4Table A.4.
4.2.4.2.2 Immunity requirements
The electronic components within the HVAC unit shall have immunity from specified fast transients, surges,
electrostatic discharges and radio frequencies.
4.2.4.2.3 Emission requirements
The conducted and radiated disturbances generated by electronic components within the HVAC unit shall
respect the specified emission limits.
4.2.4.3 Power supply
4.2.4.3.1 Supply from accumulator battery
For equipment supplied from a battery, the following information shall be provided:
— — nominal and rated voltage,
— — minimum and maximum voltage during a specific time interval,
— — DC ripple factor,
— — interruptions of voltage to be taken into account (frequency and duration),
— — allowable power consumption for the HVAC unit (normal, reduced power supply) under different
conditions (e.g. design conditions, extreme conditions and emergency ventilation),
— — allowable power consumption for the HVAC unit in operational points of Operationaloperational point
matrix for calculation total annual energy consumption.
These are summarized in Table A.4Table A.4.
4.2.4.3.2 Supply by a static converter or an independently driven generator
For equipment supplied from a static converter or a rotating set, the following information shall be provided:
— — nominal and rated voltage,
— — minimum and maximum voltage during a specific time interval,
— — number of phases and availability of neutral line,
— — fundamental frequency and tolerance,
— — harmonics,
— — maximum allowed imbalance,
— — minimum allowed power factor,
— — interruptions of voltage to be taken into account (frequency and duration),
— — maximum inrush current,
— — allowable real and apparent power consumption for the HVAC unit (normal, reduced power supply)
under different conditions (e.g. design conditions, extreme conditions and emergency ventilation) in kW
and kVA,
— — allowable power consumption for the HVAC unit in operational points of Operationaloperational point
matrix for calculation total annual energy consumption.
These are summarized in Table A.4Table A.4.
4.2.4.3.3 Supply with overhead line or third rail
For equipment for which the power supply is derived directly from the overhead line or third rail, power
supply shall be in accordance with IEC 60850 or another equivalent standard.
The following information shall be provided:
— — nominal and rated voltage,
— — minimum and maximum voltage during a specific time interval,
— — interruptions of voltage to be taken into account (frequency and duration),
— — allowable power consumption for the HVAC unit (normal, reduced power supply) under different
conditions (e.g. design conditions, extreme conditions),
— — allowable power consumption for the HVAC unit in operational points of Operationaloperational point
matrix for calculation total annual energy consumption.
These are summarized in Table A.4Table A.4.
4.2.4.4 Other design parameters
Additionally, the following information shall be provided:
— — dielectric test voltages for rated insulation voltage,
— — electrical insulation resistance,
— — maximum impedance or minimum cross-section of catenary line earthing (for roof-mounted
equipment with catenary line).
These are summarized in Table A.4Table A.4.
4.2.5 Control requirements
The HVAC unit is typically provided with a microprocessor-based control to control the elements of the HVAC
system according to the required operation as specified by the technical specification.
The HVAC unit will typically communicate with the TCMS and other components over either communication
bus, digital or analogue inputs or outputs or combination of these.
The HVAC unit shall be provided with protection functions to prevent excessive temperatures. These can
include:
— — air flow sensing device or fan feedback signal,
— — overheat protection device with automatic reset to interrupt the power supply,
— — overheat protection device with manual reset, independent from other protections, to interrupt the
power supply,
— — Electricalelectrical heater with intrinsic overtemperature protection (e.g. PTC heaters).
The HVAC unit shall be provided with protection functions to prevent excessively high or low pressures in the
refrigerating circuit. These can include:
— — high pressure switch,
— — low pressure switch,
— — pressure relief devices.
The required behaviour of the HVAC unit in case of fire inside and in case of fire outside of the train shall be
specified.
When a protection function is activated, this should give feedback to the HVAC controller or the TCMS.
Depending on the required functions, the HVAC unit can also comprise of following elements (not exhaustive):
a) a) sensor or switch
— — temperature sensor or switch (air),
— — humidity sensor (air),
— — CO sensor (air),
— — VOC (Volatile organic compounds) sensor (air),
— — differential pressure sensor or switch (air),
— — smoke sensor or switch (air),
— — pressure sensor or switch (refrigerating circuit).);
b) b) damper;
c) c) valve;
d) d) relay;
e) e) contactor;
f) f) circuit breaker;
g) g) fuse;
h) h) voltage, phase sequence, over current detection;
i) i) motor;
j) j) converter, inverter, transformer;
k) k) hard wired external signal, e.g. interior temperature setting selector.
In case the microprocessor-based control is unavailable, it is recommended to have a back-up solution with a
degraded temperature control, while maintaining the above-mentioned protection functions.
In case a certain functionality is required when a power supply is unavailable, this functionality shall be
specified.
These are summarized in Table A.5Table A.5.
4.2.6 Structure requirements
The following design parameters shall be provided.
a) a) to mount the HVAC unit correctly and firmly, and to minimiseminimize vibration:
— — fixation method (to secure the HVAC unit to the vehicle),
— — mechanical interference from other systems on the train,
— — mechanical interference of the infrastructure on the service route,
— — interface information (mechanical, electrical, maintenance),
— — critical dimensions,
— — allowable weight.
b) b) to avoid incorrect air flows through the HVAC unit:
— — information about local pressures at air in- and outlets, which mightcan produce reverse air
flow due to aerodynamic effects,
— — limits regarding leakages and maximum or minimum outside pressure to be considered (air
tightness applicable to operation on high speed lines with tunnels).
NOTE For example, maximum leakage factor at static gauge pressure 400 Pa f for typical HVAC housing is
[ ]
specified in EN 1886:2007, 6.1.1, and Table 4 12, , as
-−3 3 2 2
f400= 1,32 x × 10 (m /(m s)/s)/m
c) c) to avoid water ingress into the car interior:
— — rain amount,
— — rainfall duration,
— — car washing water amount, angle and pressure,
— — washing duration,
— — maximum acceleration, inclination and cant for condensate drainage,
— — conditions (temperature, relative humidity and running time) to check that there is no
condensate carry over.
These are summarized in Table A.6Table A.6.
4.2.7 Strength requirements
The following design parameters shall be provided.
a) a) lifting information and limitation,
b) b) shock and vibration test (relevant standard: IEC 61373 or otheranother equivalent standard
specified in the technical specification) to be applied,
c) c) proof and fatigue load cases for FEM calculations, including number of cycles for the latter,
d) d) concentrated load on specific surfaces.
EXAMPLE For covers, maximum weight of the maintenance personnel, in case the maintenance personnel are
required to travel from one end of the car to the other.
The stress impact by other systems on the train or by the infrastructure around the train shall be specified
and considered.
NOTE For example, maximum pressure variation around the railway vehicle which is generated when running into
a tunnel or passing by an oncoming railway vehicle.
These are summarized in Table A.7Table A.7.
4.2.8 Component requirements
The following design parameters shall be provided.
a) a) to select suitable materials and parts:
— — the relevant national or regional standards for fire, smoke and toxicity,
— — specification for materials and parts and relevant standards if exist,
— — filter class according to ISO 16890-1 and design conditions (dust level, filter grade, life).
b) b) manufacture information and notices:
— — marking and labelling [model number, rated cooling capacity, rated heating capacity, rated
voltage and frequency, refrigerant (name and charge amount), weight, manufacturing date, serial
number, manufacturer, etc.],
— — warning labels and safety signs (language, etc.).
c) c) characteristics of the pressurized air (if applicable) in case of pneumatic dampers:
— — nominal, minimal and maximal pressure,
— — dry or lubricated.
These are summarized in Table A.8Table A.8.
4.2.9 Maintenance requirements
The following design parameters shall be provided to conduct the maintenance work smoothly and efficiently:
— — category of maintenance (corrective maintenance, preventive maintenance, etc. in ISO 19659-1),
— — maintenance interval,
— — restrictions (maintenance location, access to the parts, e.g. outside or inside of the train, maintenance
time),
— — ergonomics (e.g. maximum weight of components for manual handling),
— — access to the HVAC unit (e.g. outside or inside of the train).
Maintenance time should be specified clearly, e.g. maintenance starting condition (open or close conditions of
covers, on the train or off the train, including or not including testing time), maintenance success criteria.
These are summarized in Table A.9Table A.9.
4.2.10 Environmental requirements
The following design parameters shall be provided with relevant standards if they exist.
a) to meet the natural environment aroundin the respective region where the train is operating:
— — (air pollution, salt pollution, sulphursulfur pollution, rainfall amount, snowfall accumulation,
sand dust, etc.,
c)a) — .,) and requirements regarding corrosion protection requirement.
d)b) b) to reduce the global warming impact: the relevant national or regional
standards for the refrigerant (GWP) to reduce the global warming impact
e)c) c) tothe cleaning agents that the HVAC unit shall be resistant against the cleaning agents.
These are summarized in Table A.10Table A.10.
4.2.11 Noise and vibration requirements
The limits shall be provided in the technical specification for:
a) a) exterior noise: either sound power level or sound pressure level or both;
b) b) interior noise:
— — sound power level at return air, supply air and exhaust (if applicable) air interface,
— — sound power level at bottom of HVAC unit (if applicable),
— — transmission loss through the HVAC unit (from the fresh air intake opening to any opening at
vehicle interior) (optional).);
c) c) Blockedblocked forces at HVAC unit fixation points.
These are summarized in Table A.11Table A.11.
4.3 Summary of design parameters
The design parameters from 4.24.2 are summarisedsummarized in Annex AAnnex A. Table A.1. Table A.1 to
Table A.11Table A.11 should be filled out and provided to the HVAC unit manufacturer.
5 Specification
5.1 General
The test or inspection items used to verify the conformity of the HVAC unit with the design parameters, shall
be agreed between the HVAC unit manufacturer and the customer.
This Clauseclause gives an overview of the test or inspection items that should be included as good engineering
practice in 5.25.2 and their classification into, either “Typetype test” or “Routineroutine test” or both in 5.35.3.
5.2 Test or inspection items and requirement specifications by the HVAC unit manufacturer
5.2.1 Air volume flow rate and system pressure drop test
Air volume flow rates (fresh, return, supply, etc.) and pressures (inlet, outlet and other significant points inside
the HVAC unit) are measured under the ambient air temperature, ambient static pressure, with only fans
operating to verify conformity with the technical specification.
Back pressure at the air interfaces as described in 4.2.2.24.2.2.2. are to shall be considered.
If applicable, the uniformity of air speed at supply air outlet(s) is measured to verify conformity with the
required variation range in cooling and heating mode.
If applicable, reverse air flow due to aerodynamic effects ([as specified in 4.2.64.2.6 b))] shall be verified.
5.2.2 Cooling and heating tests
Cooling and heating tests shall be conducted to verify the capacity of the HVAC unit in accordance with the
design criteria at the test conditions required by the technical specification.
If applicable, after above tests, the total annual energy consumption and the total annual energy efficiency for
the HVAC unit shall be calculated and verified (refer to ISO 19659-3).
If applicable, in cooling mode, it shall be checked that no condensate would be generated on surfaces located
outside the HVAC unit facing the vehicle interior under the test conditions.
If applicable, air temperature distribution at supply air outlet(s) shall be measured to verify conformity with
the required variation range in cooling and heating mode.
5.2.3 Functional test
It shall be verified that:
— — the software version installed on the HVAC controller unit is the latest one released (if applicable),
— — all signals from HVAC unit to vehicle and vice versa correspond to the agreed interface,
— — the outputs from the HVAC controller unit or other control, protection and safety devices produce the
correct reaction of the switchgear and components,
— — the inputs to the HVAC controller unit correctly represent the status of the switchgear and
components.
5.2.4 Cooling and heating operation and safety checks
Cooling and heating operation checks shall be conducted to verify the HVAC unit operates correctly in both
cooling and heating modes under the ambient conditions.
The correct operation of all safety switching devices (limiting pressure, temperature, and airflow) shall be
verified by direct activation with a type test. During the routine test, the correct operation shall be verified
either by direct activation, indirect testing, simulation or review of supplier certificates, as appropriate for
each device. All verification methods and results shall be documented.
The correct reading of the refrigerant pressure, temperature and air flow sensors shall be verified.
No unusual vibration, noise or odour shall be observed.
5.2.5 Noise test
5.2.5.1 Exterior noise
Either the sound power level or the sound pressure level outside of the HVAC unit or both shall be measured
under the required test conditions to verify conformity with the technical specification.
5.2.5.2 Interior noise
The sound power level at the return air, supply air and exhaust air (if applicable) shall be measured under the
required test conditions to verify conformity with the technical specification.
5.2.5.3 Transmission loss through the HVAC unit (if applicable)
The transmission losses for the air inlets and outlets between the interior and exterior shall be measured to
verify conformity with the technical specification.
5.2.6 Blocked forces (if applicable)
The vibration generated by HVAC unit components such as compressor(s) and fan(s) etc. in operation at the
HVAC unit fixation points shall be measured under the required test conditions to verify conformity with the
technical specification.
5.2.7 Shock and vibration test
A shock and vibration test shall be conducted at the required test conditions required by the technical
specification.
FEM calculations should be performed for all specified proof and fatigue load cases to verify conformity with
the technical specification.
NOTE The test conditions to be applied are considered to be sufficient to provide a reasonable degree of confidence
that the equipment will survive the specified life under service conditions.
5.2.8 Water tightness test
5.2.8.1 Water tightness (rain and car washing)
A water tightness test shall be conducted (if applicable) to verify absence of water ingress from the outside
into the designated dry areas, in particular any electrical connection box(es) and car interfaces.
NOTE 1 Car washing can use water pressure above normal falling rain that can compromise seals and gaskets.
NOTE 2 Water ingress through the mounting gasket between a car and the HVAC unit is not in the scope of this
document because it is a car level test.
5.2.8.2 Condensate drainage
A drainage test of the condensate shall be conducted to verify that it does not splash nor spill and drains as
design intent, considering maximum acceleration, inclination and cant as required by the technical
specification.
For the consideration of maximum acceleration, inclination and cant, the verification can also be done by
engineering judgement of static test results.
5.2.8.3 Condensate carryover
A condensate carryover test shall be conducted to verify that all condensate from the evaporator coil shall
remain inside the drain system (drainage, drain pan, etc.), no condensate shall spill from the drain system.
If the evaporator can be continuously and accurately monitored (e.g. by video), no dedicated test is necessary,
and the conformity can be verified by observing the evaporator during the cooling tests.
5.2.9 Air tightness test (if applicable)
An air tightness test shall be conducted at the required test conditions to verify that the air leakages of the
pressure tight area remain within the technical specification.
5.2.10 Air leakage test (if applicable)
An air leakage test for inside parts of the HVAC unit (such as ducts and dampers) shall be conducted at the
required test conditions to verify that the air leakage of the inside part remains within the technical
specification.
5.2.11 Electrical insulation resistance and dielectric test
The integrity of all electrical insulation shall be proven by an insulation resistance test.
After completing this test, dielectric testing shall be used to verify the ability of all electrical insulation to
withstand an applied AC voltage across the test points with no indication of insulation failure.
Finally, the electrical insulation resistance test shall be repeated.
5.2.12 Starting characteristics test
5.2.12.1 Starting characteristics for inrush cu
...
PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/TC 269/SC 2
Applications ferroviaires —
Secrétariat: AFNOR
Systèmes de chauffage, ventilation
Début de vote:
et climatisation pour le matériel
2025-10-31
roulant —
Vote clos le:
2025-12-26
Partie 4:
Paramètres de conception, éléments
d’essai et d’inspection pour l’unité
HVAC
Railway applications — Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
systems for rolling stock —
Part 4: Design parameters, test and inspection items for the HVAC
unit
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
PROJETS DE NORMES
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
NORMES POUVANT
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
NATIONALE.
Numéro de référence
PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/TC 269/SC 2
Applications ferroviaires —
Secrétariat: AFNOR
Systèmes de chauffage, ventilation
Début de vote:
et climatisation pour le matériel
2025-10-31
roulant —
Vote clos le:
2025-12-26
Partie 4:
Paramètres de conception, éléments
d’essai et d’inspection pour l’unité
HVAC
Railway applications — Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
systems for rolling stock —
Part 4: Design parameters, test and inspection items for the HVAC
unit
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
© ISO 2025 INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
PROJETS DE NORMES
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
NORMES POUVANT
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
NATIONALE.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse Numéro de référence
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .v
Introduction .vi
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes, définitions et abréviations . 2
3.1 Termes et définitions .2
3.2 Abréviations.2
4 Prérequis (paramètres de conception) pour l'unité HVAC . 3
4.1 Généralités .3
4.2 Paramètres de conception à fournir au fabricant de l'unité HVAC.3
4.2.1 Exigences pour l'installation d'unités HVAC .3
4.2.2 Exigences relatives au débit d’air .3
4.2.3 Exigences de performance de refroidissement et de chauffage .5
4.2.4 Exigences électriques et électroniques .8
4.2.5 Exigences de contrôle.10
4.2.6 Exigences de structure .11
4.2.7 Exigences de résistance . 12
4.2.8 Exigences des composants . 12
4.2.9 Exigences de maintenance . 12
4.2.10 Exigences environnementales . 13
4.2.11 Exigences relatives aux bruit et aux vibrations . 13
4.3 Résumé des paramètres de conception . 13
5 Spécification . 14
5.1 Généralités .14
5.2 Éléments d'essai ou d’inspection et spécification des exigences par le fabricant de
l'unité HVAC .14
5.2.1 Volume du débit d’air et essai de chute de pression du système .14
5.2.2 Essais de refroidissement et de chauffage .14
5.2.3 Essai de fonctionnement .14
5.2.4 Fonctionnement du refroidissement et du chauffage et vérifications de sécurité . 15
5.2.5 Essai de bruit . 15
5.2.6 Forces bloquées (si applicable) . 15
5.2.7 Essai de chocs et de vibrations . 15
5.2.8 Essai d’étanchéité à l’eau . 15
5.2.9 Essai d'étanchéité à l'air (si applicable) .16
5.2.10 Essai d'étanchéité à l'air (si applicable) .16
5.2.11 Essai de résistance d'isolation électrique et essai diélectrique .16
5.2.12 Essai de caractéristiques de démarrage .16
5.2.13 Essai de l'étanchéité du circuit de réfrigérant .17
5.2.14 Mesure de la masse et du centre de gravité .17
5.2.15 Inspection visuelle, dimensionnelle et de construction .17
5.2.16 Démonstration de la maintenabilité .17
5.2.17 Inspection du marquage et de l’étiquetage .17
5.2.18 Essai CEM .17
5.2.19 Essais sur des matériaux et des pièces spécifiques.17
5.3 Classification des éléments d'essai et d’inspection .18
6 Validation et vérification . 19
6.1 Généralités .19
6.2 Instruments d'enregistrement et de mesure .19
6.2.1 Généralités .19
6.2.2 Enregistrement .19
6.2.3 Instruments de mesure .19
iii
6.3 Procédures d'essai et d’inspection comprenant l'installation et l'équipement d'essai,
les données à consigner, la position des points de mesure et les critères .19
6.3.1 Volume du débit d’air et essai de chute de pression du système .19
6.3.2 Essais de refroidissement et de chauffage . 22
6.3.3 Essai de fonctionnement . 29
6.3.4 Fonctionnement du refroidissement et du chauffage et vérifications de sécurité . 30
6.3.5 Essai de bruit . 33
6.3.6 Essai des forces bloquées . . . 38
6.3.7 Essai de chocs et de vibrations . 39
6.3.8 Essai d’étanchéité à l’eau .41
6.3.9 Essai d’étanchéité à l’air . 44
6.3.10 Essai de fuite d’air . 46
6.3.11 Essai de résistance d'isolation électrique et essai diélectrique . 48
6.3.12 Essai de caractéristiques de démarrage (si applicable) . 50
6.3.13 Essai de l'étanchéité du circuit de réfrigérant .51
6.3.14 Mesure de la masse et du centre de gravité . 53
6.3.15 Inspection visuelle, dimensionnelle et de construction . 55
6.3.16 Démonstration de la maintenabilité . 56
6.3.17 Inspection du marquage et de l’étiquetage . 56
6.3.18 Essai CEM .57
6.3.19 Essais sur des matériaux et des pièces spécifiés . 60
6.4 Rapport d’essai ou d’inspection .62
6.4.1 Informations générales.62
6.4.2 Rapport d'essai de type .62
6.4.3 Rapport d'essai de série .62
Annexe A (informative) Liste des paramètres de conception à fournir au fabricant de l'unité
HVAC .64
Bibliographie .70
iv
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux
de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général
confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire
partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document
a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2
(voir www.iso.org/directives).
L’ISO attire l’attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l’utilisation
d’un ou de plusieurs brevets. L’ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l’applicabilité de
tout droit de brevet revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l’ISO n'avait pas
reçu notification qu’un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application. Toutefois,
il y a lieu d’avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent document que des informations
plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de brevets, disponible à l'adresse
www.iso.org/patents. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de
brevets et de ne pas avoir signalé leur existence.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l'intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, de la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion de
l'ISO aux principes de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au
commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Le comité chargé de l'élaboration du présent document est l'ISO/TC 269, Applications ferroviaires, Sous-
comité SC 2, Matériel Roulant.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 19659 se trouve sur le site web de l’ISO.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes se
trouve à l'adresse www.iso.org/members.html.
v
Introduction
Étant donné que l'unité de chauffage, ventilation et climatisation (HVAC) est l'un des composants principaux
du système HVAC, sa qualité et ses performances représentent un enjeu clé pour l’amélioration du confort
thermique et de l'efficacité énergétique du matériel roulant.
L’objectif est de:
— développer une Norme internationale commune pour la validation d'une unité HVAC,
— établir des méthodologies et des exigences basées sur les composants afin de démontrer la conformité
avec les spécifications techniques de l'unité HVAC,
— établir un périmètre de responsabilité clair en cas de problèmes de performance après l'installation de
l'unité HVAC sur le matériel roulant.
La justification est la suivante:
— actuellement, il n’existe aucune Norme internationale commune pour la validation d'une unité HVAC;
— de manière générale, les normes nationales et régionales existantes pour les unités HVAC sont conçues
pour les systèmes de climatisation dans les bâtiments, à l’exception de quelques normes pour le matériel
roulant;
— par conséquent, il est nécessaire d'unifier les méthodologies des normes portant sur les unités HVAC en
un seul document;
— cela n'affectera aucune norme nationale ou régionale existante.
vi
PROJET FINAL Norme internationale ISO/FDIS 19659-4:2025(fr)
Applications ferroviaires — Systèmes de chauffage,
ventilation et climatisation pour le matériel roulant —
Partie 4:
Paramètres de conception, éléments d’essai et d’inspection
pour l’unité HVAC
1 Domaine d'application
Le présent document spécifie des exigences et des lignes directrices pour:
— les paramètres de conception à fournir au fabricant de l'unité de chauffage, ventilation et climatisation
(HVAC) par le fabricant de matériel roulant («Client») et l'opérateur ferroviaire,
— les éléments d'essai et d’inspection, les exigences et les méthodes utilisées par le fabricant de l'unité
HVAC pour vérifier que l'unité HVAC est conforme aux paramètres de conception.
Le présent document est applicable aux unités HVAC pour les espaces passagers et les cabines de conduite
dans les véhicules urbains (métro, tramway), suburbains, régionaux et de grandes lignes.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu'ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour
les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 3743-1, Acoustique — Détermination des niveaux de puissance acoustique et des niveaux d'énergie
acoustique émis par les sources de bruit à partir de la pression acoustique — Méthodes d'expertise en champ
réverbéré applicables aux petites sources transportables — Partie 1: Méthode par comparaison en salle d'essai
à parois dures
ISO 3743-2, Acoustique — Détermination des niveaux de puissance acoustique émis par les sources de bruit à
partir de la pression acoustique — Méthodes d'expertise en champ réverbéré applicables aux petites sources
transportables — Partie 2: Méthodes en salle d'essai réverbérante spéciale
ISO 3744, Acoustique — Détermination des niveaux de puissance acoustique et des niveaux d’énergie acoustique
émis par les sources de bruit à partir de la pression acoustique — Méthodes d’expertise pour des conditions
approchant celles du champ libre sur plan réfléchissant
ISO 3745, Acoustique — Détermination des niveaux de puissance acoustique et des niveaux d'énergie acoustique
émis par les sources de bruit à partir de la pression acoustique — Méthodes de laboratoire pour les salles
anéchoïques et les salles semi-anéchoïques
ISO 3746, Acoustique — Détermination des niveaux de puissance acoustique et des niveaux d'énergie acoustique
émis par les sources de bruit à partir de la pression acoustique — Méthode de contrôle employant une surface de
mesure enveloppante au-dessus d'un plan réfléchissant
ISO 3747, Acoustique — Détermination des niveaux de puissance acoustique et des niveaux d'énergie acoustique
émis par les sources de bruit à partir de la pression acoustique — Méthode d'expertise et de contrôle pour une
utilisation in situ en environnement réverbérant
ISO 9614-2, Acoustique — Détermination par intensimétrie des niveaux de puissance acoustique émis par les
sources de bruit — Partie 2: Mesurage par balayage
ISO 19659-1, Applications ferroviaires — Systèmes de chauffage, ventilation et climatisation pour le matériel
roulant — Partie 1: Termes et définitions
ISO 19659-2, Applications ferroviaires — Systèmes de chauffage, ventilation et climatisation pour le matériel
roulant — Partie 2: Confort thermique
ISO 19659-3, Applications ferroviaires — Systèmes de chauffage, ventilation et climatisation pour le matériel
roulant — Partie 3: Efficacité énergétique
IEC 60077-1, Applications ferroviaires — Équipements électriques du matériel roulant — Partie 1: Conditions
générales de service et règles générales
IEC 60077-2, Applications ferroviaires — Équipements électriques du matériel roulant — Partie 2: Composants
électrotechniques — Règles générales
IEC 61373, Applications ferroviaires — Matériel roulant — Essais de chocs et vibrations
IEC 62236-3-2, Applications ferroviaires — Compatibilité électromagnétique — Partie 3-2: Matériel roulant —
Appareils
3 Termes, définitions et abréviations
3.1 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans l'ISO 196591 s'appliquent.
L'ISO et l'IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en normalisation,
consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l'adresse http://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l'adresse https://www.electropedia.org/
3.2 Abréviations
Pour les besoins du présent document, les abréviations données dans l’ISO 19659-1 s’appliquent.
CA Courant alternatif
MMT Machine à mesurer tridimensionnelle (Coordinate Measuring Machine)
DB Thermomètre sec (Dry Bulb)
CC Courant continu
CEM Compatibilité électromagnétique
FEM Méthode par éléments finis (Finite Element Method)
FFT Transformée de Fourier rapide (Fast Fourier Transform)
FST Feu, Fumée et Toxicité (Fire, Smoke and Toxicity)
GWP Potentiel de réchauffement global (Global Warming Potential)
HF Haute Fréquence (High Frequency)
HVAC Chauffage, ventilation et climatisation (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning)
LED Diode électroluminescente (Light Emitting Diode)
PTC Coefficient positif de température (Positive Temperature Coefficient)
PTU Unité portable d'essai (Portable Testing Unit)
RMS Valeur efficace (Root Mean Square)
RPM Tours par minute (Revolutions Per Minute)
TCMS Système de contrôle-commande du train (Train Control Monitor System)
COV Composés Organiques Volatils
WB Thermomètre mouillé (Wet Bulb)
4 Prérequis (paramètres de conception) pour l'unité HVAC
4.1 Généralités
Les paramètres de conception doivent être clairement spécifiés dans la spécification technique afin que le
fabricant de l'unité HVAC puisse concevoir et construire l'unité HVAC répondant aux exigences des clients.
Le présent article donne un aperçu des paramètres de conception qu’il convient de spécifier selon les bonnes
pratiques d'ingénierie, dont les paramètres pour calculer la consommation énergétique annuelle totale
et l'efficacité énergétique annuelle totale de l'unité HVAC. L’efficacité énergétique annuelle totale est un
paramètre important, car dans la plupart des cas, le système HVAC est le deuxième plus grand consommateur
d'énergie sur le train après le système de traction.
4.2 Paramètres de conception à fournir au fabricant de l'unité HVAC
4.2.1 Exigences pour l'installation d'unités HVAC
A minima, les exigences de conception suivantes doivent être fournies:
— type du véhicule ferroviaire (à grande vitesse, de banlieue, Cat. 1, Cat. 2, Cat. 3 dans l’ISO 19659-2);
— type de l'unité HVAC (compacte, split dans l’ISO 19659-1);
— emplacement de l'unité HVAC (montée sur le toit, encastrée dans le toit, montée au plafond, montée sur
le sol, montée sous le sol dans l’ISO 19659-1);
— nombre d'unités HVAC par véhicule ferroviaire.
Ces éléments sont récapitulés dans le Tableau A.1.
4.2.2 Exigences relatives au débit d’air
4.2.2.1 Volume du débit d'air
Les éléments suivants doivent être pris en compte pour les exigences relatives aux flux d'air:
a) volume du débit d’air neuf
— volume du débit d’air neuf par personne selon les conditions de fonctionnement telles que spécifiées
dans une norme nationale ou régionale pertinente ou, à défaut, dans l’ISO 19659-2,
— nombre de passagers (normal et maximum);
NOTE Si le mode de refroidissement gratuit est requis, le volume du débit d'air neuf peut être plus élevé. Le
mode de refroidissement gratuit est spécifié dans l’ISO 19659-1.
b) volume du débit d’air soufflé, basé sur les apports thermiques suivants
— transfert de chaleur (y compris le vitrage),
— émission de chaleur par une personne spécifiée dans l’ISO 19659-2,
— air neuf (spécifié dans l’ISO 19659-1) (ventilation),
— infiltration d'air de cyclage par la porte passager,
— rayonnement solaire (vitrages et surfaces opaques) spécifié dans l’ISO 19659-2,
— émission de chaleur par les ventilateurs d'alimentation et autres équipements spécifiés dans
l’ISO 19659-2,
— éclairage et apports thermiques internes divers spécifiés dans l’ISO 19659-2;
c) volume du débit d’air repris;
d) volume du débit d’air évacué: volume du débit d'air devant être extrait des armoires techniques, WC,
cuisines, etc. pour compenser les volumes du débit d'air neuf dans le but de maintenir la pression
intérieure requise dans le véhicule;
e) volume du débit d'air d’infiltration.
Ces éléments sont récapitulés dans le Tableau A.2.
4.2.2.2 Pression de refoulement au niveau des interfaces aériennes
Les éléments suivants doivent être pris en compte pour la pression de refoulement aux interfaces aériennes:
a) pression de refoulement de l'entrée d'air neuf
— perte de pression à travers les conduits,
— type et efficacité des filtres à air en 4.2.8,
— état du filtre (propre ou sale),
— contamination externe,
— séparateur de gouttelettes ou de brouillard,
— action des amortisseurs,
— pression de refoulement due à la vitesse du train, particulièrement en cas de train à grande vitesse,
— pression de refoulement due à d'autres équipements;
b) pression de refoulement de la sortie d'air soufflé
— perte de pression à travers les conduits,
— action des amortisseurs,
— friction des pièces mécaniques,
— diffuseurs,
— pression interne du véhicule;
c) pression de refoulement de l'entrée d'air repris
— perte de pression à travers les conduits,
— type et efficacité des filtres à air en 4.2.8,
— état du filtre (propre ou sale),
— contamination interne,
— action des amortisseurs,
— pression interne du véhicule;
d) pression de refoulement de l'air évacué, le cas échéant
— perte de pression à travers les conduits,
— pression de refoulement due à la vitesse du train, particulièrement en cas de train à grande vitesse,
— pression de refoulement due à d'autres équipements,
— action des amortisseurs,
— pression interne du véhicule.
Ces éléments sont récapitulés dans le Tableau A.2.
4.2.2.3 Répartition des flux d'air
La répartition des débits d’air (uniformité de la vitesse de l'air, température), par exemple, à la (aux) sortie(s)
de débit d’air soufflé, doit être prise en compte.
Ces éléments sont récapitulés dans le Tableau A.2.
4.2.3 Exigences de performance de refroidissement et de chauffage
4.2.3.1 Exigences communes
Les conditions de conception doivent être spécifiées comme décrit dans l’ISO 19659-2.
a) conditions de conception extérieures
— température et humidité relative correspondante,
— rayonnement solaire,
— altitude,
— vitesse du train;
b) conditions extérieures extrêmes;
c) volume du débit d’air neuf;
d) conditions de conception intérieures;
— température et humidité relative maximale correspondante,
— charges latentes et sensibles.
L'impact thermique des autres systèmes installés sur le train et de l'infrastructure sur le système HVAC doit
être spécifié et pris en compte.
NOTE Les autres systèmes comprennent par exemple les résistances de freinage, le système de refroidissement
des batteries et le convertisseur de traction. Un exemple pour l'infrastructure serait le recyclage de l'air expulsé en
raison du tunnel ou de la plateforme de station.
Il convient de spécifier la consommation d'énergie annuelle totale maximale et la consommation de puissance
maximale de l'unité HVAC.
Ces éléments sont récapitulés dans le Tableau A.3.
Sur la base de ce qui précède et des données de la voiture, les informations pour la conception et les essais de
l'unité HVAC doivent être dérivées.
4.2.3.2 Exigences de performance de refroidissement
Les paramètres de conception de 4.2.3.1 et les informations suivantes doivent être fournis:
a) condition extérieure (température de l’air et humidité relative): point de conception, point de
fonctionnement maximum, point de fonctionnement minimum;
b) état de l’air ou condition intérieure mixte (température de l’air et humidité relative): point de conception,
point de fonctionnement maximum, point de fonctionnement minimum;
c) capacité de réfrigération (capacité de réfrigération totale et capacité de réfrigération sensible) ou
condition de l’air soufflé (en combinaison avec le volume du débit d’air soufflé de 4.2.2). Si une capacité
de réfrigération différente est nécessaire pour le mode de pré-réfrigération, le mode dégradé, le mode
de refroidissement gratuit ou toute autre condition, il convient de spécifier la capacité et la condition de
réfrigération;
d) température de l'air local (si différente de la valeur extérieure)
— entrée d'air neuf,
— entrée d'air de l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur;
e) information sur la présence, dans le système, de conditions de réchauffement pour contrôler le niveau
d'humidité maximum à l'intérieur;
f) condition du filtre (propre ou sale), par exemple 20 % de la surface couverte, 10 % de réduction du
volume du débit d’air, simulation de la chute de pression maximale autorisée à un volume du débit d'air
nominal;
g) état des échangeurs de chaleur (propres ou sales), par exemple 20 % de la surface couverte, 10 % de
réduction du volume du débit d'air;
h) chute de pression causée par la vitesse du débit d'air extérieur ou d'autres facteurs affectant la chute de
pression totale de la zone de l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur dans l'unité HVAC;
i) point de fonctionnement supplémentaire pour calculer la consommation d'énergie annuelle totale par
l'unité HVAC, le cas échéant (voir l’ISO 19659-3).
Ces éléments sont récapitulés dans le Tableau A.3.
4.2.3.3 Exigences de performance de chauffage (type de chauffage électrique)
Les paramètres de conception de 4.2.3.1 et informations suivants doivent être fournis:
a) état extérieur (température de l’air): point de conception, point de fonctionnement maximal;
b) état de l’air ou condition intérieure mixte (température de l’air): point de conception, point de
fonctionnement maximal;
c) capacité de chauffage ou condition de l’air soufflé (en combinaison avec le volume du débit d’air soufflé
de 4.2.2). Si une capacité de chauffage différente est requise pour le mode de préchauffage, le mode
dégradé ou toute autre condition, il convient de spécifier la capacité et les conditions de chauffage;
NOTE La capacité de chauffage peut être assurée par d'autres équipements tels qu'un chauffage électrique
installé sous le siège du passager. La capacité de chauffage pour la conception de l'unité HVAC est la capacité
requise uniquement pour l'unité HVAC.
d) température de l'air local (si différente de la valeur extérieure): entrée d’air neuf;
e) état du filtre (propre ou sale);
f) température maximale admissible du conduit;
g) point de fonctionnement supplémentaire pour calculer la consommation d'énergie annuelle totale par
l'unité HVAC, le cas échéant (voir l’ISO 19659-3);
h) informations sur le système de récupération de chaleur des gaz d'échappement (schéma du système,
fonctionnement, etc.) pour fonctionner en coopération avec l'unité HVAC, si existant.
Ces éléments sont récapitulés dans le Tableau A.3.
4.2.3.4 Exigences de performance de chauffage (type pompe à chaleur)
Les paramètres de conception de 4.2.3.1 et informations suivants doivent être fournis:
a) condition extérieure (température de l’air et humidité relative): point de conception, point de
fonctionnement maximum, point de fonctionnement minimum;
NOTE 1 L'humidité relative concerne uniquement l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur.
b) état de l’air ou condition intérieure mixte (température de l’air): point de conception, point de
fonctionnement maximum, point de fonctionnement minimum;
c) capacité de chauffage ou condition de l'air soufflé (en combinaison avec le volume du débit d’air soufflé
de 4.2.2);
NOTE 2 La capacité de chauffage peut être assurée par d'autres équipements tels que des chauffages électriques
installés sous le siège du passager. La capacité de chauffage à fournir en tant que paramètre de conception de
l'unité HVAC est la capacité requise uniquement pour l'unité HVAC.
Si une capacité de chauffage différente est requise pour le mode de préchauffage, le mode dégradé ou
toute autre condition, il convient de spécifier la capacité de chauffage et les conditions.
d) température de l'air local (si différente de la valeur extérieure)
— entrée d'air neuf,
— entrée d'air de l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur;
e) état du filtre (propre ou sale);
f) température maximale admissible du conduit;
g) état des échangeurs de chaleur (propres ou sales);
h) chute de pression causée par la vitesse du débit d'air extérieur ou d'autres facteurs affectant la chute de
pression totale de la zone de l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur dans l'unité HVAC;
i) point de fonctionnement supplémentaire pour calculer la consommation d'énergie annuelle totale par
l'unité HVAC, le cas échéant (voir l’ISO 19659-3);
j) informations sur le système de récupération de chaleur des gaz d'échappement (schéma du système,
fonctionnement, etc.) pour fonctionner en coopération avec l'unité HVAC, si existant.
Ces éléments sont récapitulés dans le Tableau A.3.
4.2.4 Exigences électriques et électroniques
4.2.4.1 Général
Le domaine d'application du présent paragraphe couvre l'utilisation d'équipements électriques et
électroniques embarqués à l'intérieur de l'unité HVAC installée sur le matériel roulant.
L'équipement électronique et électrique à l'intérieur de l'unité HVAC doit être conçu et fabriqué pour répondre
aux exigences complètes des spécifications de performance pour les températures réelles survenant à
l'emplacement de l'équipement concerné. La conception doit prendre en compte les augmentations de
température à l'intérieur des cabines pour garantir que les composants ne dépassent pas leurs spécifications
de température.
4.2.4.2 Exigence électronique
4.2.4.2.1 Généralités
Les machines électriques produisent des interférences électromagnétiques. Par conséquent, il est important
de réduire celles-ci autant que possible afin d’éviter le dysfonctionnement des autres dispositifs électriques
et électroniques sensibles, par exemple, des autres équipements électroniques et électriques dans le train ou
des émetteurs radio portatifs.
L’essai CEM à appliquer (par exemple, IEC 62236-3-2 ou autre norme équivalente) doit être spécifié.
Ces éléments sont récapitulés dans le Tableau A.4.
4.2.4.2.2 Exigences d'immunité
Les composants électroniques à l'intérieur de l'unité HVAC doivent être immunisés contre les transitoires
rapides spécifiés, les surtensions, les décharges électrostatiques et les fréquences radio.
4.2.4.2.3 Exigences d'émission
Les perturbations conduites et rayonnées générées par les composants électroniques à l'intérieur de l'unité
HVAC doivent respecter les limites d'émission spécifiées.
4.2.4.3 Alimentation électrique
4.2.4.3.1 Alimentation par batterie d'accumulateur
Pour les équipements alimentés par une batterie, les informations suivantes doivent être fournies:
— tension nominale et tension assignée,
— tension minimale et maximale pendant un intervalle de temps spécifique,
— facteur d'ondulation en courant continu,
— interruptions de tension à prendre en compte (fréquence et durée),
— consommation d'énergie admissible pour l'unité HVAC (alimentation normale, alimentation réduite)
dans différentes conditions (par exemple, conditions de conception, conditions extrêmes et ventilation
d'urgence),
— consommation électrique admissible pour l'unité HVAC dans les points opérationnels de la matrice de
points opérationnels pour le calcul de la consommation énergétique annuelle totale.
Ces éléments sont récapitulés dans le Tableau A.4.
4.2.4.3.2 Alimentation par un convertisseur statique ou un générateur indépendant
Pour l'équipement alimenté par un convertisseur statique ou un ensemble tournant, les informations
suivantes doivent être fournies:
— tension nominale et tension assignée,
— tension minimale et maximale pendant un intervalle de temps spécifique,
— nombre de phases et disponibilité de la ligne neutre,
— fréquence fondamentale et tolérance,
— harmoniques,
— déséquilibre maximal autorisé,
— facteur de puissance minimal autorisé,
— interruptions de tension à prendre en compte (fréquence et durée),
— courant d'appel maximal,
— consommation de puissance réelle et apparente autorisée pour l'unité HVAC (alimentation normale,
alimentation réduite) dans différentes conditions (par exemple, conditions de conception, conditions
extrêmes et ventilation d'urgence) en kW et kVA,
— consommation électrique admissible pour l'unité HVAC dans les points opérationnels de la matrice de
points opérationnels pour le calcul de la consommation énergétique annuelle totale.
Ces éléments sont récapitulés dans le Tableau A.4.
4.2.4.3.3 Alimentation par caténaire ou par troisième rail
Pour les équipements pour lesquels l'alimentation électrique est directement tirée de la caténaire ou du
troisième rail, l'alimentation doit être conforme à l’IEC60850 ou à toute autre norme équivalente.
Les informations suivantes doivent être fournies:
— tension nominale et tension assignée,
— tension minimale et maximale pendant un intervalle de temps spécifique,
— interruptions de tension à prendre en compte (fréquence et durée),
— consommation électrique admissible pour l'unité HVAC (alimentation normale, alimentation réduite)
dans différentes conditions (par exemple, conditions de conception, conditions extrêmes),
— consommation électrique admissible pour l'unité HVAC dans les points opérationnels de la matrice de
points opérationnels pour le calcul de la consommation énergétique annuelle totale.
Ces éléments sont récapitulés dans le Tableau A.4.
4.2.4.4 Autres paramètres de conception
En outre, les informations suivantes doivent être fournies:
— tensions d'essai diélectrique pour la tension d'isolation assignée,
— résistance d'isolement électrique,
— impédance maximale ou section transversale minimale de la mise à la terre de la caténaire (pour les
équipements montés sur le toit avec caténaire).
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.